1、Module 2 Developing and Developed CountriesGrammar语法精讲探究学习连词【情境探究】观察上面对话,并用适当的副词和连词填空:_ there is less poverty,life expectancy is still very low.=There is less poverty,_ life expectancy is still very low.=There is less poverty._,life expectancy is still very low.AlthoughbutHowever【要义详析】连词是连接单词、短语、从句或
2、句子的一种虚词,在句中不单独作任何成分,但大多数连接词都有具体的意义和用法。本模块主要学习表示转折关系的连词but,however,although/though,while 等。1.however和but。二者词义相同,意为“然而;但是”,都表示转折关系。(1)however用作副词时,意为“然而;可是;不过”,用以引出令人吃惊或表示对比的话语,可以放在句首、句中或句末,但要用逗号与其他部分隔开。*Id like to go with you;however,my hands are full.我很想和你一起去,可是我太忙了。*She felt ill.She went to work,an
3、d tried to concentrate,however.她病了,然而她照旧去上班,并且尽力集中精力工作。*(2019江苏高考)The question,however,is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.然而,问题是这是否是发展中国家最需要的。(2)but用作并列连词,常用来连接两个并列的句子或一个句子中的两个并列成分,表示强烈的对比、转折,两个并列成分之间可以用逗号隔开,也可以不用,but后面不加逗号。*(2018全国卷)I pay 5 for a portion,but Matt makes t
4、hem for 26p a portion.我用5英镑买一份食品,而Matt只用了26便士便做到了。*I had invited everyone to come to the party but only a few came.我邀请了所有的人来参加宴会,但是只来了几个人。【名师点津】however作连词时,表示“无论如何,不管怎样”,相当于no matter how,引导让步状语从句,从句可放在主句之前或之后。常构成:however/no matter how+adj./adv.+主语+谓语。However/No matter how hard you try,it is difficul
5、t to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力,如果不减少饭量,减肥很难。He tries his best to solve the problem,however difficult it is.他尽力解决这个问题,不管它有多困难。but作连词还可用于“Im sorry/Excuse me,but.”句式中表示歉意,but本身没有意义。Im sorry,but I cant help you with the problem.很抱歉,我不能帮你解决这个问题。【即学活用】用but和however填空。(1)We
6、 laugh at jokes,_seldom do we think about how they work.(2)For many years,people have dreamed of electric cars._,making them has been difficult.(3)(2018浙江高考)We have all heard how time is more valuable than money,_ is it possible to have too much time?(4)(2018浙江高考)_,longer-lasting reusable bags often
7、 require more energy to make.butHoweverbutHowever2.although和though。(1)although和though都是引导让步状语从句的从属连词,意为“尽管,虽然”,一般情况下可以互换使用,但although较正式,多用于句首,而though在非正式语体中较为普遍。although和though都不能和并列连词but连用,但可以和yet或still连用(因为yet和still是副词而不是连词)。*Although he is known to only a few,his reputation among them is very gre
8、at.虽然知道他的人不多,但他在这些人中名声却很响。*(2019全国卷)Though it may appear simple,it requires a lot of ideas and efforts.虽然它看起来简单,但它需要很多想法和努力。*Although/Though these measures are not effective forever,they are vital for now.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效,但它们目前是至关重要的。(2)though引导让步状语从句时可用部分倒装形式,其用法相当于as,把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首;若表语是可数名词单数,前置
9、时要省略不定冠词。*Hot as/though the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.夜晚的空气虽然很热,但因为长途旅行之后很累,我们睡得很沉。*Child though/as she is,she knows a lot.虽然还是个孩子,她却懂得很多。【名师点津】(1)though还可以充当副词,表示“然而”,位于句中或句末,相当于however。although没有此用法。(2)though引导的从句可以用倒装,although引导的从句不可以。【即学活用】(1)改
10、错。Though we are poor,but we are still happy.()Try although I might,I couldnt lift the stone.()(2)一句多译。虽然我努力学习,但仍然没有通过考试。_,I still failed my examination.I studied hard,_._,I still failed my examination.去掉butalthoughthough/asAlthough/Though I studied hardbut I still failed my examinationHard though I
11、studied3.while的用法 while表示“然而”时,通常连接后半句,强调前后内容的对比。while作连词时用法较多,主要有以下几种含义:(1)while用作从属连词引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然,尽管”,可与although或though替换,此时while位于句首。*(2019浙江高考)While restaurants throw away tons of food each year,much of it remains inaccessible because of locked garbage containers,health regulations,or business
12、 policies.虽然每年饭店浪费大量食物,由于上锁的垃圾桶、健康法规或商业政策,无法得到很多扔掉的食物。*While he loves his students,he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对他们很严格。(2)while作并列连词表转折,强调前后句的对比关系,意为“然而”,此时while不能位于句首。*Waving ones hand is to say“Goodbye”.Nodding the head means agreement,while shaking it means disagreement.挥手表示再见。点头表示同意,而
13、摇头表示不同意。*Theres plenty of rain in the southeast,while theres little in the northwest.东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。(3)while引导时间状语从句,意为“当时候”,此时while相当于during the time that.,从句中的谓语动词通常是延续性动词的进行时或状态动词,不可用短暂性动词。*I learned a lot of French while I was in Paris.在巴黎时我学了很多法语。【即学活用】(1)(2020天津高考)You might find it relaxing
14、 to bring your small kid to a half-hour Story Time while you sit quietly in a corner with a good book.译:_(2)(2018浙江高考)And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.译:_当你静静地坐在角落里,拿着一本好书,带着你的孩子听半个小时的故事,你可能会觉得很放松。而且虽然塑料袋可能看起来很难看,但它们仅占
15、今天地面垃圾的一小部分。(3)(2018全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent.译:_在过去的25年中,玉米的产量增长了近125%,然而水稻只增长了7%。课时检测素养达标.单句改错1.He is usually careful.But,this time he made a big mistake.()2.Although the sun was shining,but it wasnt very warm.(
16、)3.Some waste food however others dont have enough to eat.()4.However it rained hard,they went on hiking.()5.Child although he is,he knows a lot about electricity.()ButHowever去掉buthoweverwhileHoweverAlthough/Thoughalthoughas/though6.Sailing in rough weather can be very unpleasant.But,we found it exc
17、iting.()7.He is a shy man,so he is not afraid of anything or anyone.()8.He tried his best to solve the problem,although difficult it was.()ButHoweversobutalthoughhowever.同义句转换1.Although she is clever,she doesnt study very hard.Clever _ she is,she doesnt study very hard.2.He knew all his friends woul
18、d be there,but he didnt want to go.He knew all his friends would be there,he didnt want to go,_.3.While I dont like pop music very much,I think this song by Jay Chou sounds beautiful._ I dont like pop music very much,I think this song by Jay Chou sounds beautiful.though/asthough/howeverAlthough/Thou
19、gh4.Some are for the plan;on the other hand,others are against it.Some are for the plan _ others are against it.5.We had cold weather during our holiday,though it was already June.We had cold weather during our holiday.It was already June,_.6.We wanted to go out but it rained.We wanted to go out._,i
20、t rained.7.Cold though it is,Im going out for a walk._ it is cold,Im going out for a walk.whilethoughHoweverThough/Although8.While I quite understand why he refused to help her,I cant agree that he was right to do so._ I quite understand why he refused to help her,I cant agree that he was right to d
21、o so.9.You may be right.However,I still want to do what I planned.You may be right._ I still want to do what I planned.10.I ate some bread while I waited.I ate some bread _ I waited.Though/AlthoughButwhen/as【语法主题应用】根据提示运用恰当的连接词翻译下面语段。中国仍然是一个发展中国家,但自建国以来取得了巨大的进步(but)。虽然中国还不富裕,但它一直在尽其所能帮助其他发展中国家(altho
22、ugh)。在新冠肺炎爆发期间,中国为世界上近100个国家提供了大量帮助,而一些发达国家却做得不那么好(while)。一个人无论贫富都应该有同情心,一个国家也应该有同情心。China is still a developing country,but it has made great progress since its founding.Although China is not yet rich,it has been doing what it can to help other developing countries.During the outbreak of COVID-19,China has given a lot of help to nearly 100 countries in the world while some developed countries are doing less well.A man should be compassionate,whether he is rich or poor,and so should a nation.