1、高考总复习： 主谓一致考点透析与精炼审稿：张敏 责编：陈玉莲考试要求：主谓一致,顾名思义,就是指英语句子中的谓语动词在数、性、人称、时态等方面要和主语保持一致,这与汉语思维方式有所不同,容易被考生所忽视。高考试题在单项填空和短文改错中经常对此进行考查。知识讲解：主语和谓语动词在人称上的一致当句子的主语是第一、二人称单复数及第三人称复数时，除be动词在形式上有相应的人称变化(am，are，was，were)以外，其他动词在形式上均没有数的变化I am free on Thursday 我星期四有空。They are good students 他们是好学生。We often see her on
2、 the TV screen 我们经常在电视上看到她。We think it important to complete the project on time 我们认为按时完成这项工程是很重要的。当句子的主语是第三人称单数，除动词be和have的形式有变化(is, has)以外，其他动词在一般现在时态中均用第三人称单数形式She is my daughter 她是我女儿。Its very kind of you 你真好。He has five dollars in his pocket 他口袋里有五美元。She often makes mistakes in her composition
3、她经常在作文中出错。Science requires precision while art needs imagination 科学要求精确度而艺术则需要想象力。值得注意的是，情态动词除了be able to以外都无人称的变化。My daughter may watch television after supper 我女儿晚饭后可以看电视。We may watch television after supper 我们晚饭后可以看电视。主语和谓语动词在数上的一致谓语动词用单数形式1. 若主语是单数名词、代词、不定式及其短语、 -ing形式及其短语或从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。The ch
4、ief industry in the Middle East is the oil industry 中东地区的主要工业是石油工业。The news from the various districts is sent to a central office 各地来的消息都送至总办公室。That sounds a good idea 那听起来是个好主意。Understanding the culture habits of another nation is a complex task 了解另一个国家的文化习俗是一项复杂的任务。Nodding the head means agreemen
5、t，while shaking it means disagreement 点头意味着同意，摇头意味着不同意。To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country 举办奥运会对一个国家来说是一笔丰富的奖赏。To learn English by recitation is a useful way 通过背诵学习英语是一种有效的学习方法。How you got there doesnt interest me 你是如何到那里的我不感兴趣。Who let out the secret is still unknown to us 我们依然不
6、知道是谁泄露了秘密。What he said is not true 他说的话不是真的。但是，在what或whatever引导的主语从句中，主句的谓语动词的单复数形式有时还要按句子的具体意思而定。What the children need are love and understanding 孩子们需要的是爱和理解。What the laser is is clear to us now 激光是什么，现在我们清楚了。Whatever book he praises sells well 他表扬过的任何书都很好销。2. 当主语是表示时间、距离、重量、货币等的复数名词时，这些名词指代的事物往往被
7、看作是一个整体，因此谓语动词常用单数形式。Seven feet is an abnormal height for a person 七英尺对人来说是一个异常的高度。Twenty miles is a long way to walk 走20英里可是很长的一段路。Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations 给了三个星期来作必要的准备。Fifty kilograms is not too heavy to carry 50公斤不至于重到扛不起来。Thirty pounds is a high price 30英镑价格
8、太高了。当然，也可以根据语法一致原则，把这些复数名词看成一个个的个体，谓语动词用复数形式。The past four weeks have been the driest in the countrys history 过去四周是这个国家最干旱的时期。Twenty miles were covered in half an hour 半小时走完了20英里。Twenty-five years have passed since we parted 我们分别已25年了。3. 如果主语是单数，其后跟有with，together with，as well as，no less than，but，exc
9、ept，like等引起的短语，谓语动词用单数。An iron and steel works，with several satellite factories，is being built in the city这座城市正在修建一座钢铁厂和几家卫星工厂。An expert，together with some assistants，was sent there to help in the work 专家带着几个助手，被派到那里协助工作。I as well as you am a lawyer 不仅你是一位律师，我也是位律师。No one but myself knows what reall
10、y happened 除了我，没有人知道发生了什么事。Everybody except you looks down upon me 除了你，大家都看不起我。4. 当主语是each，either，neither或是由some，any，no，every等构成的复合代词(如someone，anybody，nothing，everything等)时，谓语动词用单数形式。Everything goes well with me 我一切都好。Nothing is impossible to a willing heart 世上无难事，只怕有心人。Anything is better than nothi
11、ng 有总比没有好。Is there anybody in the classroom? 教室里有人吗?Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in 超过16岁的人允许进去。Each of the graduates was presented with a certificate 每个毕业生都拿到了毕业证书。Each of the clerks has a desk of his own 每个办事员都有自己的桌子。If either of you cares to call，I shall be in this evening 你俩谁要想来看我，今晚我在家
12、。Neither of us has gone through regular training 我们两人谁都没受过正规训练。注意：none作复数看待时较多，但也有时作单数看待，主要看说话人联想到的是复数还是单数概念。None of the questions are easy enough for us. 这些问题对我们来说没有一个是容易的。None of us has got a dictionary. 我们中间没有一个人有词典。I have ordered the cement, but none (of if) has yet arrived. 我已订购了水泥，但还没有运到。5. 当主
13、语是由and连接的两个名词但表示同一人或物时，谓语动词用单数形式。The girl and winner is jumping with joy 那位获胜的女孩正高兴地跳着。The secretary and principal of the school was present at the meeting 该校的书记兼校长出席了会议。The politician and the writer give us speeches 那位政治家和那位作家给我们作了演讲。前两句指的是同一个人，而最后一句则指两人，所以谓语动词分别用相应的单复数形式。Ham and eggs makes a good
14、breakfast 火腿加鸡蛋就成了一顿很好的早餐。Bread and butter is a daily food in the west 抹黄油的面包是西方人每天的食品。6. 英语中有些名词虽以-s结尾，实际上却并不表示复数概念，如mathematics(数学)，measles(麻疹)，physics(物理)，politics(政治)，news(消息，新闻)等。当这些名词作主语时，应注意谓语动词须用单数形式。Physics was the only course she failed in 物理是她没考及格的唯一一门课程。Electronics is the basis of all te
15、lecommunications systems 电子学是电讯系统的基础。Phonetics deals with speech sounds 语音学是研究语言声音的。谓语动词用复数形式1. 若主语是复数名词或代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。The contents of this book are most fascinating 这本书的目录极其吸引人。His congratulations are always to the point 他的祝贺词总是恰到好处。They speak Japanese as well as I do 他们日语说得和我一样好。2. 当主语是由and连接的两个或两
16、个以上的人或物时，谓语动词要用复数形式。Polluted rivers and lakes have also been a cause of death 被污染的江河与湖泊也是造成死亡的一个原因。Skill and confidence are an unconquered army 技能和信心是无畏的军队。Jane，Mary and Helen are cousins 简、玛丽和海伦是表姐妹。A hammer and a saw are useful tools 锤子和锯都是有用的工具。A poet and an artist are coming to speak to us about
17、 literature and painting in Americatoday一位诗人和一位画家要来给我们讲今天美国的文学及绘画。The dove and the olive branch are the symbols of peace 鸽子和橄榄枝是和平的象征。Men and women have similar abilities and needs 男人和女人的能力和需求是相似的。需注意的是，若由and连接的几个名词合起来表示一个书名时，谓语动词要用单数。War and Peace is worth reading 战争与和平值得一读。3. 当主语是集体名词people，police
18、，cattle时，谓语动词要用复数形式。The people of northern Canada are called Eskimos 加拿大北部的人们被称为爱斯基摩人。The cattle eat all the grass and anything that grows on poorer land 牛群吃光了长在越来越贫瘠的土地上的草及其他一切东西。A traffic accident has just happened around the corner of the streetThe police were already there 街道拐角处刚发生一起交通事故。警察已在现场了
19、。必须弄清楚的是，并不是所有的集体名词作主语时谓语动词都用复数形式。谓语动词用单复数均可1. 有些集体名词如family，team等作主语时，谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数形式。当它们被当作是一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们如果就其中一个个的个体来考虑时，谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词是作单数还是复数看待，要视句子的意思而定。His family are all music lovers 他家的人都喜欢音乐。(强调每个家庭成员)My family is very large 我家是个大家庭。(把家看做一个整体)The team is the best in the league 这个队在
20、联合会中是最好的队。The team are driving to the game in their own cars队员们正驾车赶往比赛地点。The class has been reorganized 这个班已被重新组织起来。The class were taking notes in English 这个班里的学生在用英语记笔记。这一类的名词还有company，crowd，enemy，group，couple，public，population，majority，government，committee，mankind等。The Edison Telephone Company was
21、 presently swallowed by the Bell Telephone company爱迪生电话公司日前已被贝尔电话公司吞并。I he company are so excited with their success that they are inclined to go这家公司的职员们都为成功而激动，以至他们都想去。The enemy has suffered a sharp defeat and severe losses敌军已遭到一次沉重的打击，损失惨重。The enemy were strongly entrenched upon the other side of
22、the river敌人在河的彼岸以巩固的壕沟防护自己。The audience was enormous 观众人很多。The audience were greatly moved at the words 听了这话听众都很感动。The party was now moving towards the house 那伙人现在正向那座房子移动。The party were discussing how to rob the bank 那伙人正在商量如何抢银行。The population is about one hundred million in Japan 日本人口大约有1亿。The po
23、pulation of those inland cities vary from 150000 to 600000那些内地城市的人口从15万到60万不等。2. 当what，who，which，any，more，all，most或such等代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要视句子的具体情况而定。What is the teacher doing now? 那老师现在在干什么?What are the teachers doing now? 老师们在干什么?Who is that boy? 那个男孩是谁?Who are those boys? 那些男孩是谁?A few people were
24、killed in the fire，but most were saved少数人在火灾中丧生，但大多数人都给救了出来。He earned a lot of money，and most was spent on traveling他挣了很多钱，大部分都花在旅游上了。Many people support the government，but many more are against it许多人拥护政府，但反对的人更多。He has found some water，and more is needed 他找到了一些水，但还需更多。当句子的主语是most of，all of，any of以及
25、the last of，the rest of等加上名词或代词时，谓语动词的单复数形式也要视名词或代词而定。如果它们是复数意义的，谓语动词用复数形式；如果它们是单数意义或是不可数名词时，谓语动词则用单数形式。All of the books have been placed on the shelves 所有的书都已放在书架上了。All of the food was eaten up 所有的食物都被吃光了。Most of the people present are against the plan在场的大多数人都反对这项计划。Most of the surface of the earth
26、 is sea 地球的表面大部分是海洋。The rest of the gangs leaders were either dead or in jail该犯罪集团的其他首领要么已死，要么就在狱中。The rest of the day was spent watching TV 我们那天剩余的时间在看电视。The last of the water was gone 最后的一滴水也喝完了。The last of the books were burned 最后的几本书也被烧了。值得一提的是，当more than one所修饰的词组作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。More than one
27、 letter is received every day 每天收到不止一封信。More than one person is involved in this case 这件案子牵涉到的不止一人。More than one pilot was killed in the air raid 这次空袭中死掉的飞行员不止一个。More than one fireman has been overcome 不止一名消防队员因力尽而倒下了。More than one teacher in our school hashave a portable computer 我们学校不止一位老师有便携式笔记本电
28、脑。many a(许多)虽然表示复数概念，但当它所构成的词组作句子的主语时，谓语动词也多用单数形式。Many a man has that kind of opportunity 很多人有那种机遇。Many a little makes a mickle 积少成多，集腋成裘。(谚语)Many a boy has lost his heart to Nancy 许多男孩爱上了南希。3. 在分数或百分数，如percent of，half of以及majority of等后面加上名词或代词的结构作为句子主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这个结构中的名词或代词的数。如果这个名词或代词是单数形式的，谓语
29、动词也用单数形式；如果是复数形式，谓语动词则用复数形式。Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea 地球表面四分之三是海。Thirty percent of the crop was ruined by the heavy rain 百分之三十的庄稼被那场大雨毁坏了。Two-thirds of the students are satisfied with the class 三分之二的学生对这个班满意。Ten percent of the pupils are absent today 今天百分之十的学生缺席。A majority of
30、two hundred votes was enough to win 200票的多数足以获胜。The majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health 大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。4. 当数词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。Two and two isare four 二加二等于四。Ten times five is/are fifty 五的十倍是五十。(即：10乘以5等于50。)Two five make/makes ten 二五得十。但是，在上句中，如果动词是系动词的话，常用复数形式。T
31、wo fives are ten 在有些情况下，动词只能用单数形式。Ten minus two is eight 十减二是八。如果主语是one or two后接名词时，句子的谓语动词多用复数形式。One or two days are enough for them 对他们来说一两天就够了。One or two of his things are still worth your reading 他有一两部作品还是值得你读一读。One or two students were absent from class this morning 今天上午有一两个学生缺席。5. 当主语是a kind o
32、f，a sort of，a type of等后接名词时，无论名词是单数还是复数，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A kind of birds has been discovered by them 他们发现了一种鸟。A kind of plants is only grown in the south of China 一种植物只生长在中国南部。但是如果主语是these(those) typekindsort of后接复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。Those sort of parties are dangerous 那种聚会是危险的。6. 以“number of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数
33、形式要视句子而定。如果主语是“a number of+复数名词”时，谓语动词要用复数；如果是“the number of+复数名词”时，谓语动词则只能用单数形式。它们所表达的意思也不同。A large number of young people have left the countryside for urban areas 大量的年轻人离开农村去城市发展。An increasing number of people have owned their own cars now in China 在中国拥有私家车的人越来越多。The number of nature reserves in
34、China is 574. 中国现有574个自然保护区。The number of pandas in our country is increasing 我国大熊猫的数量正在上升。The number of competitors is limited 参赛者的数量是有限的。The increasing number of private cars has caused serious parking problems 私家车越来越多，引起了严重的停车问题。7. 当“the+形容词”结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式也取决于句子的意思。若指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；若指个人或抽象概念时
35、，谓语动词则用单数形式。The rich are not always generous to the poor 富人对穷人并不总是慷慨。The homeless need more than pityThey need practical help 无家可归的人需要的不只是怜悯，他们需要实际的帮助。The good in him wins，and hell return the wallet to the old woman 他的善良占了上风，他要把钱包还给那个老妇。8. 存在句there be句型中，be动词用单数还是复数取决于句子中主语的单复数形式。如果主语是单数形式，谓语动词就用单数形
36、式；否则用复数形式。There is only one predicate in one sentence 一个句子中只有一个谓语。There are seven continents and four oceans on the earth 地球上有七大洲和四大洋。There are twenty dollars in his pocket 他口袋里有20美元。但在there be句型中，当句子有两个以上的主语时，其主谓一致遵循“就近原则”。There was a suit of clothes，two ties，a camera and a few rolls of film in the
37、 case 箱子里装着一套衣服，两条领带，一部照相机和几个胶卷。9. 还有一些句子主语后跟有连词或介词短语(如as well as，like，but，except，besides，with或together with等)，那么谓语动词的单复数形式要视连词及介词短语前面的名词而定。The captain，as well as the other players，was tired 队长，还有其他那些队员，感到累了。Alice，together with her boyfriend，goes fishing every Sunday 爱丽丝和她男朋友每个星期天都一起去钓鱼。The wallet，w
38、ith the ID card and money，was lost 钱包，包括钱和身份证都丢了。10. 在“one of+复数名词+关系分句”结构中，由于先行词是复数名词，因此关系分句的谓语动词要用复数形式。Daniel is one of those people who are always ready to help others 丹尼尔是那种乐于助人的(一个)人。He is one of those astronauts who have walked on the moon 他是曾在月球上行走的宇航员之一。当one前面有the only等限定词时，定语从句的谓语动词就根据one而定
39、，即用单数形式。She is the only one of those girls who has got scholarship 她是那些女孩中唯一获得过奖学金的。He is the only one of those foreigners who speaks Chinese well 他是那些老外中唯一一个汉语讲得不错的人。11. 由not only.but also.，neither.nor.，either.or.，whetheror等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式应遵从“就近一致”的原则，即根据最靠近它的名词或代词的单复数形式而定。如是单数名词或代词，则谓语动词也用单数；否则
40、用复数。Not only Norman but also his parents are coming 不仅诺曼要来，他的父母也要来。Not only the children，but also their father likes to see the pictures 不但孩子们，而且他们的父亲也喜欢看这部影片。Either the boy or his sisters are to blame 要么是男孩，要么是他的姐姐们应受到责备。Either his friends or his brother is wrong 不是他的朋友们错了，就是他弟弟错了。Neither the TV se
41、t nor the transistors are mine 这台电视机不是我的，这些半导体收音机也不是我的。Neither you nor I was awarded the prize 你我都没获奖。On Peace Day，no fighting or conflicts are allowed 在“和平日”这一天，不允许有打斗或冲突。易错点点拨：1. 倒装句中的主谓一致：在倒装句中谓语应与后面的主语保持一致。On the wall hang some pictures by Picasso. 墙上挂着毕加索的几幅画。Such were the viewpoints of my coll
42、eagues. 这些就是我的同事们的观点。2. 主语与谓语被插入成分分割,这时要跨越插入成分,找到真正的主语。 E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication. 3. 分数、百分数作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词一致。如果是可数名词的复数,谓语动词用复数形式；如果是不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。4. the number of + 复数名词，主语是the number(数量)，谓语动词用单数，a number of +复数名词，主语是复数名词，a number of作定语， 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。