1、Module 3 The Violence of Nature Section Grammar表一:过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态由“助动词 hadbeen过去分词”构成。表二:间接引语 附表一:直接引语变间接引语时时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时附表二:直接引语变间接引语时指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的变化1How was the journey?Tiring!I caught the train at the last second but all the
2、 seats _(occupy).I stood all the way.2Though I _(warn)not to buy more new clothes,I did buy that fancy dress at length.The cloth feels smooth and washes easily.3Experiments of this kind _(conduct)in both the US.and Europe well before the Second World War.4John had to have his car repaired in a garag
3、e because it _(damage)seriously.5At the end of the meeting,it was announced that an agreement _(reach)6The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _(place)under the Ministers car.7George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?No,I _(not invite).Did they have
4、 a big wedding?8Bob has gone to California.Oh,can you tell me when he _(leave)?9The witness said to the policeman that he _(wait)for a bus when the traffic accident happened.10Anne sent an email asking me what I _(do)from 3 pm to 5 pm last weekend.答案与解析1had been occupied解析:句意:“旅行怎么样?”“很累!我在最后一刻赶上了火车
5、,但是座位都满了,我站了一路。”occupy 这一动作在过去动作 caught the train 之前完成,应用过去完成时;seat 与occupy 为被动关系,故句子需用被动语态。2had been warned解析:句意:尽管我被警告不要再买新衣服,我最后还是买了那件漂亮的裙子。它的布料摸起来很光滑而且容易清洗。I与 warn 是逻辑上的被动关系,且发生在过去动作 did buy 之前,故用过去完成时的被动语态。3had been conducted解析:根据句意可知,这种实验在二战之前就已经进行了,故应用过去完成时;experiments 与 conduct 之间为动宾关系,用过去完成
6、时的被动语态形式。4had been damaged解析:句意:“约翰不得不把他的车送到修理厂修理,因为它受到了严重的损坏。”it 与 damage 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态;又因约翰修车在后,车坏在前,应用过去完成时。5had been reached解析:句意:会议结束的时候宣布与会各方已经达成协议。agreement 是被达成的,应用被动语态;因为从句动作发生在主句动作之前,因此从句应用过去完成时的被动语态。6had been placed解析:句意:警察的注意力立刻被放置在部长车下的一个小盒子吸引住了。比较前后两个动作,小盒子“被放在”部长的车下在前,警察“注意”到这一问
7、题在后,表示过去的过去,应该用过去完成时。7hadnt been invited解析:句意:乔治和露西上周结婚了,你参加他们的婚礼了吗?没有,我没被邀请。他们的婚礼隆重吗?根据句意“没有被邀请”可知要用被动语态。再者,“被邀请”应在 got married 之前,故应用过去完成时。8left解析:考查时态。根据句意可知,鲍伯已经去了加利福尼亚,因此句中的 when 是指过去的时间,故用一般过去时。9was waiting解析:that 引导的从句中有 when 引导的时间状语从句,根据句意可知,“事故”发生在“等车”过程中,所以要用过去进行时。10was doing解析:根据时间状语可知此处要用过去进行时。温示提馨请 做:随 堂 演 练(点击进入)温示提馨请 完 成:课时作业9(点击进入)