1、Module 2 Developing and Developed CountriesSection Introduction,Reading and Vocabulary 自主预习01考点探究02随堂演练03自主预习 01 课前小测 高效识记 .重点单词1_ n.饥饿hungry adj.饥饿的2_ n.贫穷poor adj.贫穷的3_ n.发展develop v.发展_ adj.发达的_ adj.发展中的4_ n.(根据概率得出的)预期数额expect v.预计；期待5_ vt.教育；培养；训练_ n.教育educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的6_ vt.测量，评估7_ n.目的8
2、_ n.位置，职位9_ n.数字，体形10_ n.收入答案1hunger 2.poverty3development;developed;developing4expectancy 5.educate;education 6.measure7goal 8.position 9.figure 10.income.重点短语1make _取得进步2_ sure 确保，保证3make an _努力4_ the top of 在顶端5_ the bottom of 在底部6_ a result 结果7_ ones opinion 依某人看8_ poverty 在贫困中9figure _计算出10up _
3、直到，多达答案1progress 2.make 3.effort 4.at5at 6.as 7.in 8.in 9.out 10.to考点探究 02 高频考点 理解拓展 1hunger n.U，sing.饥饿；欲望Thousands of people are dying of hunger every day.每天有成千上万的人死于饥饿。Nothing seemed to satisfy their hunger for truth.似乎没有什么能满足他们对真理的渴求。die of hunger 死于饥饿a hunger for sth.对某事渴望hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望的2inc
4、ome n.C，U收入；收益People on a high income should pay more tax.高收入的人应该付更多的税。high/low income 高/低收入income,pay,wageincome指一个人通过工作或所有其他原因收入所得到的钱，不仅限于工资。pay指针对工作所支付或收到的报酬。wage“工资；薪水”，指每周所发的工资或计时、计件工资。Have you any income apart from your pay?除了工资你还有其他收入吗？The railroad workers have asked for a wage increase.铁路工人要
5、求增加工资。3measure vt.测定；测量；评估 n.U，C测量；尺寸；措施They measured the length of the garden.他们测量了花园的长度。In America distance is measured by miles.在美国，距离是以英里计算的。Education shouldnt be measured purely by examination results.教育不应该纯粹用考试成绩来衡量。His passing is a loss beyond measure to us.他的离开对我们来说是不可估量的损失。We should take so
6、me measures to solve these problems.我们应该采取一些措施来解决这些难题。beyond measure 无法估量take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事 measurement n.U，C测量；尺寸4position n.C位置；处境；状况The house has a very good position.这所房子处于一个很好的位置。Im not sure what I would do if I were in your position.我不知道如果我处在你的处境会怎么办。be in/out of position 在/不在适当位置
7、in sb.s position 身在某人的处境in a good/strong position to do sth.处于做某事的有利地位5increase v.增加；增长The production of grain has increased by four times/30 percent this year.今年粮食产量增加了 4 倍/30%。increaseby增加了to增加到“表增减意义的动词by 引导的短语”可以表示增加或减少的数量；“表增减意义的动词to 引导的短语”表示具体增加或减少后的数字。6educate vt.教育；培养；训练Children need to be e
8、ducated on the dangers of drug-taking.有必要对儿童进行吸毒危害的教育。The children were educated to think clearly.孩子们被训练得能够思路清晰地考虑问题。educate sb.about/in/on sth.教育某人了解某事educate,teacheducate强调教育之目的，以及培养之结果，也涉及人生观以及学识方面。teach 只强调教授学生知识。Some schools teach,but fail to educate their students.有些学校教书而不育人。educated adj.受过教育的
9、；有教养的education n.U教育7figure n.C数字；体形；人物；图像；雕像 v.计算；认为He has a five-figure income.他现在的收入有 5 位数。She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.她每天早上做运动以保持体形。He is an important political figure.他是一位重要的政治人物。The wall was covered with figures of birds and flowers.墙上满是花鸟的图形。The figure of the figures on
10、 show is 108.所展出的雕像数目是 108 个。He figured the cost of our trip.他计算了我们的旅行费用。I figured that you would arrive before noon.我以为你会在中午前到达。图解 figure 的一词多义figure on(sb./sth.)doing sth.打算某人/物做某事figure sb./sth.out 弄懂；弄明白8.reduce vt.减少；缩小；降低The police are fighting to reduce traffic accidents.警方正在努力减少交通事故。I bought
11、 this coat because it was reduced from 580 yuan to 288 yuan.我买了这件大衣，因为它的价格从 580 元降低到了 288 元。reduce 还可表示“使陷入某种状况中”，常和介词 to 搭配，用于被动语态。He was reduced to begging for his living.他沦落到了以乞讨为生。固定搭配：reduce.to 减少到；reduce.by 减少了She reduced her weight from 78 to 70 kilos.她的体重从 78 千克减少到了 70 千克。She reduced her wei
12、ght by 6 kilos.她的体重减少了 6 千克。近义词：decrease反义词：increaseThe population growth in that city is decreasing by 1.5%each year.那个城市的人口增长率每年下降 1.5%。They have increased the price of petrol again.他们又提高了汽油的价格。9expectancy nU(根据概率得出的)预期数额Babies today have a longer life expectancy than those born a hundred years ag
13、o.如今婴儿的平均预期寿命比 100 年前的长。expect v.期待，盼望，预期；希望I am expecting a letter from him.我正期待着他的一封信。The trip was not as nice as we had expected.旅行没有我们预期的那么好。1_(take)everything into consideration,the result is better than _(expect)2As a leading _ in the field of science,Mr Brown attended the important meeting la
14、st night.3After the old man figured _ the cost,he sold all his goats at a proper price.4She is highly _(educate)and she can do well as a secretary in the office.5Friendship cant be _(measure)by money but money is an effective means to test how strong the friendship is.6He kept on walking on the jour
15、ney,having food for _(hungry)and water for thirst,and covered quite a long distance in just two days.7His income has increased _ 20%.8What measures do you think we should take to _(reduction)air pollution in our city?9Because of lack of money,they have reduced the price of cotton _ almost 20%.10The
16、boys breaking the windows have to stand for hours without changing _.答案与解析1Taking;expected解析：第一个空，taking everything into consideration 为现在分词短语作状语；第二个空，连词than 后直接用分词expected 表被动。句意：综合起来考虑，结果比料想的好。2figure解析：句意：作为科学界的一个主要人物，布朗先生参加了昨天晚上那个重要的会议。figure 在此句中意为“人物”。3out解析：句意：这位老人算出成本后，以适当的价格卖掉了他所有的山羊。figure
17、 out“计算出，弄明白”。4educated解析：句意：她受过很好的教育，可以胜任办公室秘书的职务。educate“教育；培养”，此处为被动语态。5measured解析：句意：友谊不能用金钱来衡量，但金钱是检验友谊是否牢固的一种有效手段。measure“测量，评估”。6hunger解析：句意：他日夜兼程，一路饥餐渴饮，两天走了很远的路。由 water for thirst 可知，此处用 hunger“饥饿”与 food 对应。7by解析：increase by 增加了。8reduce解析：reduce 减少。句意：你认为我们应该采取什么措施来减轻我们城市的空气污染呢？9by解析：reduce
18、 to 意为“减少到”，强调结果；reduce by 意为“减少了”，强调幅度。10position解析：position 位置，方位。句意：那些打碎窗户玻璃的孩子们不得不站立数小时一动不动。1agree to 同意；应允I think she will agree to my proposal.我认为她会同意我的建议。agree to,agree on,agree withagree to指“同意(计划、提议等)”，表示愿意接受某事或允许某事发生，重在“接受；答应”。to 可能是介词也可能是不定式标志，作介词时后接物，表示批准或同意某计划或提议；作不定式标志时后接动词原形，即 agree t
19、o do sth.表示同意做某事。agree on指双方或多方协商后“在方面取得一致意见”，主语必须是参与协商的双方或多方。agree with指“同意/赞成某人(的意见)”，重在“赞同”。agree with 后接人或某人说的话，表示同意某人的观点；也可表示某人适应某地的气候或饮食。Tom asked me if my wife agreed to spend the holiday in the north.I said that she agreed to my idea,so we agreed on a date for it.And my wife agreed with what
20、 I did.汤姆问我，我太太是否同意去北方度假，我说她同意我的想法。因此我们商定了日期。我太太对我的做法表示同意。2at the top of 在顶端The soldier climbed up the big tree and found a hole at the top of it.士兵爬上那棵大树，在树的顶端发现一个洞。She is at the top of her class in French.她的法语是班上最好的。on the top of 在顶部from top to toe 从头到脚；完全地3at the bottom of 在底部He signed his name a
21、t the bottom of the letter.他在信的底部署上了名字。At the bottom of the sea there are many plants and animals.在海底有许多动植物。at the top/bottom of,in the middle ofbottoms up 干杯from the bottom of ones heart 从心底里from top to bottom 从头到脚；完完全全get/got to the bottom 查明真相4make sure 确保；确定；弄清楚Ill make sure of the time of the f
22、light.我要核实一下这班飞机的时间。Make sure(that)you pick me up at five.你一定要在 5 点来接我。make sure 后一般不接不定式作宾语，后接名词时需加介词of/about；后接从句时，使用一般现在时态表示将来。be sure 后可以跟不定式，表示说话人对句子主语作出的判断；后跟名词或动名词时也需加 of/about;“be sure宾语从句”意为“确信某事一定会”。be sure of 确信be sure to do 一定会for sure 无疑；肯定to be sure 确定；固然5make progress 取得进步They are mak
23、ing good progress with the construction of the new road.他们修筑那条新公路进度很快。progress 是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词 a 修饰，也没有复数形式。in progress 进行中6make efforts 努力I know you have worked hard,but you could make greater efforts.我知道你已经努力了，但是你还可以更努力。They are making further efforts to decrease unnecessary spending.他们正在作进一步的努力以减少
24、不必要的开支。make every effort 竭尽所能without/with effort(毫不)费力地I will make every effort to arrive on time.我会尽量准时到达。He lifted the heavy box without effort.他没费多少劲儿便把那个沉箱子提起来了。1If you want to achieve your dream,you must _ efforts and make use of every chance.2I was pleased with the progress that you have _ in
25、your study.3Sydney promised her that he would always do anything he could for her to make sure _ her happiness.4I dont know why he didnt agree _ the plan.5If Mary felt he was right,she would agree _ him.6You can enjoy the scenes of countless peaks and valleys _ the top of the mountain,but you cant w
26、hen you are halfway up.7In fact,the water _ the bottom of the waterfall is hotter than the water at the top of the waterfall.8Its up to me _(watch)over our pet dog.答案与解析1make解析：句意：要想实现梦想，你必须努力并利用好每个机会。make efforts“努力”，为固定搭配。2made解析：句意：我为你在学习中所取得的进步感到高兴。make progress 是固定搭配，意为“取得进步”，此题中 that 引导的是定语从句，
27、修饰 the progress。3of/about解析：句意：西德尼答应她，为了确保她的幸福，他愿意做他能做的任何事情。make sure“确保；保证”，后接名词时需加 of 或 about。4to解析：句意：我不明白他为什么不同意这个计划。agree to“同意(提议、计划等)”。5with解析：句意：如果玛丽觉得他是对的，她会同意他的看法。agree with“同意，赞成”，后面常接人或者建议。6at解析：句意：你在山顶能欣赏到数不清的山峰与峡谷的美景，但是在半山腰却不可能看到。“在顶端”用 at the top of 表示。7at解析：句意：实际上，瀑布底部的水比顶部的水更热。at th
28、e bottom of“在底部”。8to watch解析：Its up to sb.to do sth.“该由某人做某事了”。1In the year 2000,147 world leaders agree to work together to reduce poverty by 2015 or earlier.在 2000 年，147 位世界级领导人同意一起合作为了到 2015年或者更早地减少贫穷。句中 to reduce poverty 为不定式作目的状语。To go to university,I have to work hard.为了上大学我得努力学习。不定式需注意的两个方面：(
29、1)为了强调所表示的目的，常用 in order to 或 so as to动词原形。但是 in order to 可以置于句首、句中，而 so as to 只能置于句中。(2)不定式还可以作结果状语，但是仅限于 learn，find，see，hear，to be told，make 等几个具有终止含义的词。In order to get up early,I went to bed very early last night.为了早起床，昨天晚上我很早就睡了。I hurriedly arrived at the station，to be told that the train had le
30、ft.我匆匆地赶到车站，结果被告知那列火车已经发车了。He woke up to find everybody gone.他醒了过来，结果发现大家都走了。He studied hard only to fail.他学习很努力，但却不及格。2Norway is at the top of the list,while the US is at number 7.挪威高居榜首，而美国名列第 7。本句中的 while 是并列连词，意为“而”，含有对比之意。Theres plenty of rain in the southeast,while theres little in the northwe
31、st.东南部雨量充足，而西北部很少下雨。You like sports,while I prefer music.你喜欢体育活动，而我更喜欢音乐。while 作连词的其他用法：while 意为“当的时候”，引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词是延续性动词。While the discussion was still going on,George came in.当讨论还在进行时，George 走了进来。while 意为“虽然，尽管”，表示让步。While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings.尽管我承认他的优点，但我还是能看到他的缺
32、点。3The bottom ten countries are all African countries,with Sierra Leone(in west Africa)at the bottom of the list.处于最后的十个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(西非)，排在名单最后。with Sierra Leone(in west Africa)at the bottom of the list 是with 的复合结构，其结构为“with n.介词短语”，在句中作状语。The teacher came in with a book in his hand.老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。“
33、with宾语宾语补足语”为 with 复合结构，此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语，亦可作后置定语。结构如下：(1)with宾语doing(doing 表主动或正在进行)(2)with宾语done(done 表完成或被动)(3)with宾语to do(to do 表将来，有时用主动形式表示被动意义)(4)with宾语adj.(adj.表状态)(5)with宾语adv.(adv.表状态)(6)with宾语介词短语(7)with宾语n.They climbed the mountain with a local hunter their guide.有当地的猎人
34、做向导，他们爬上了山顶。(伴随状语)In summer,she usually sleeps with the windows open.夏天，她通常开着窗子睡觉。(伴随状语)The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on.华灯初上，广场显得更加美丽。(原因状语)He lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。(伴随状语)With his hair cut,he looked much younger.理了头发，他显得年轻多了。(原因状语)With
35、 a lot of homework to do,I cant go skating with you.因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。(原因状语)She stood at the door,with her back towards us.她站在门口，背对着我们。(方式状语)4The report shows that we are making some progress but that we need to make greater efforts.报告显示：我们正在进步，但是我们需要做出更大的努力。本句为主从复合句，show 后接了两个 that 宾语从句。第二个 that
36、 一般不省略。在非正式文体中，如果 that 引导的宾语从句较短，其连词 that一般可省略。但在下列情况下一般不可省略。(1)当 that 从句与主句谓语动词之间有插入语或者与从句之间有插入语时，that 不可省略。He announced,believe it or not,that he would never forgive her.他宣布，信不信由你，他绝不会原谅她。(2)当 that 从句与另一个名词性从句并列作宾语时，that 不可省略。Everyone could see what was happening and that she was really worried.大家
37、都看得出发生了什么事，也知道她真的十分焦急。(3)句中若有两个并列的 that 从句作宾语，即使省略了第一个 that，也不可省略第二个 that。I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve.我相信你已经尽力了，我相信一切都会好起来的。5These are among the five richest countries in the world,so it is right that they should do so.它们都属于世界上最富裕的五个国家之一，因此他们这样做是正确的。句中 it is righ
38、t that 是“形式主语 it系动词adj./n.that”句式，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。It is necessary that we(should)go to bed on time.按时上床睡觉很有必要。句型中 that 从句用了 should do 形式，这是一种说话的语气，称之为虚拟语气，在此 should 可以省略。可以用此结构的句子还有：It is necessary/important/natural/strange that.(should)do.It is important that we(should)learn English well.我们学好英语很重
39、要。It is natural that he(should)oppose a plan like this.他反对这样的计划是很自然的。It is strange that he(should)be late today.真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了。it 作形式主语的主语从句的常见句式：It isadj.that.It isn.that.It is(表示建议，要求，命令等语气的)动词的过去分词(如suggested/required/ordered 等)that.(should)do.It is a pity that you cant come.你不能来，这太遗憾了。It is suggest
40、ed that we(should)hold a meeting.大家建议我们应该开会。In my opinion,it is right that parents should take care of their children.我觉得父母照顾孩子是对的。1Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man,also intelligent,fails.2I stopped the car _(take)a short break as I was feeling tired.3T
41、he Greens often take a walk along the river with their pet dog _(follow)them.4Having checked the doors were closed,and_all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.5Its good to know _ the dogs will be well cared for while were away.答案与解析1while解析：while 用于前后两者的对比转折，意为“而，然而”。2to take解析：动词不定式作目的状语。句意：我把车停下去休息，因为我感到累了。3following解析：their pet dog 与 follow 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式作宾补。4that解析：当出现多个宾语从句时，除了第一个宾语从句的连接词 that 可省略外，其他都不可省略。5that解析：it 作形式主语，代替 that 引导的主语从句。温示提馨请 做：随 堂 演 练 03（点击进入）温示提馨请 完 成：课时作业4（点击进入）