1、二十九选修9Units 3、4(限时35分钟). 阅读理解A(2021衡水中学模拟)Pigeons in London have a bad reputation. Some people call them flying rats. And many blame them for causing pollution with their droppings. But now the birds are being used to fight another kind of pollution in this city of 8. 5 million. “The problem for air
2、 pollution is that its been largely ignored as an issue for a long time, ” says Andrea Lee, who works for the London-based environmental organization Client Earth. “People dont realize how bad it is, and how it actually affects their health. Londons poor air quality is linked to nearly 10, 000 early
3、 deaths a year. ” Lee says, citing(引用) a report released by the city manager last year. If people were better informed about the pollution theyre breathing, she says, they could pressure the government to do something about it. Nearby, on a windy hill in Londons Regents Park, an experiment is underw
4、ay that could helpthe first week of flights by the Pigeon Air Patrol. It all began when Pierre Duquesnoy, the director for DigitasLBi, a marketing firm, won a London Design Festival contest last year to show how a world problem could be solved using Twitter. Duquesnoy, from France, chose the problem
5、 of air pollution. “Basically, I realized how important the problem was, ” he says. “But also I realized that most of the people around me didnt know anything about it. ” Duquesnoy says he wants to better measure pollution, while at the same time making the results accessible to the public through T
6、witter. “So”, he wondered, “how could we go across the city quickly collecting as much data as possible?” Drones were his first thought. But its illegal to fly them over London. “But pigeons can fly above London, right?” he says. “They liveactually, they are Londoners as well. So, yeah, I thought ab
7、out using pigeons equipped with mobile apps. And we can use not just street pigeons, but racing pigeons, because they fly pretty quickly and pretty low. ”So it might be time for Londoners to have more respect for their pigeons. The birds may just be helping to improve the quality of the citys air. 【
8、文章大意】文章介绍了一个用鸽子监测伦敦空气质量的创意。1. What can we infer about Londons air quality from Paragraph 2?A. Londoners are very satisfied with it. B. The government is trying to improve it. C. Londoners should pay more attention to it. D. The government has done a lot to improve it. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段中“The problem
9、 for air pollution is that its been largely ignored as an issue for a long time, ” 以及People dont realize how bad it is, and how it actually affects their health. 由此推断出, 伦敦人应该更关注伦敦的空气质量, 故选C。2. Duquesnoy attended the London Design Festival to _. A. entertain LondonersB. solve a world problemC. design
10、 a product for saleD. protect animals like pigeons【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中It all began when Pierre Duquesnoy, the director for DigitasLBi, a marketing firm, won a London Design Festival contest last year to show how a world problem could be solved using Twitter. 可知, Duquesnoy参加伦敦设计节是为了解决一个世界性的问题, 故选B。3.
11、Why did Duquesnoy give up using drones to fly across London?A. Because they are too expensive. B. Because they fly too quickly. C. Because they are forbidden. D. Because they fly too high. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段中But its illegal to fly them over London. 由此可知, 最初, Duquesnoy想用无人机飞越伦敦监测空气质量, 但是因为市内禁止无人机飞行,
12、所以他放弃了这个想法, 故选C。4. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Clean air in LondonB. Londons dirty secretC. Londons new pollution fighterD. Causes of air pollution in London【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据第一段中But now the birds are being used to fight another kind of pollution in this city of 8. 5 million. 和最后一段So it
13、 might be time for Londoners to have more respect for their pigeons. The birds may just be helping to improve the quality of the citys air. 可知, 这篇文章主要讲了Duquesnoy用鸽子监测伦敦空气质量, 引起人们关注空气污染, 鸽子成了伦敦新的环保战士, 故选C。B(2021长沙模拟)Lizard (蜥蜴) species may already have declined past the point of no return in the worl
14、d. What is the reason? Rising temperatures. Researchers estimate that as much as 40 percent of lizard species worldwide will die out by 2080. The problem is that temperatures in many regions where lizards live have changed too fast for the animals to keep pace. Barry Sinervo from the Department of E
15、cology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of California in Santa Cruz, along with colleagues from across the globe, reached that conclusion by taking current data on Mexican lizards. They also estimated that 4 percent of local species have already disappeared worldwide. That number could jum
16、p to 20 percent by 2080 if carbon dioxide levels arent lowered to reduce warming. The team looked 48 species of Sceloporus lizard at 200 sites around Mexico. The sites were first sampled from 1975 to 1995. By 2010, research could not find lizards at 12 percent of those sites. Lizards that bear live
17、young are especially at risk of dying out, the researchers point out, compared to the lizards that lay eggs. “Live-bearers have lower body temperatures that heighten the risk of dying, ” Sinervo said in a statement. “We are watching these species disappear before our eyes. ”Although current evidence
18、 shows that climate change is affecting the habitat ranges of many species, there is still a lot of uncertainty about how much climate change will affect species, researchers say. Many Mexican lizard species live in high altitude “islands”, where climate change happens the fastest. The lizards canno
19、t adjust fast enough to survive. The scientists say they do not think the animals are likely to save themselves just by moving somewhere else either. “How quickly can Earths lizards adapt to the rising global temperatures? Thats the important question, ” Sinervo said in a press release. “We are actu
20、ally seeing lowland species moving upward, slowly driving upland species out of their habitats. If the upland species cant evolve fast enough, they will die out. ”【文章大意】文章介绍了由于气温的上升, 蜥蜴物种的数量可能已经下降到了不可逆转的地步。5. Which of the following lizards face a higher risk of dying out?A. Lizards at low altitudes.
21、 B. Lizards that bear their young. C. Lizards that lay eggs. D. Lizards in a stable environment. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Lizards that bear live young are especially at risk of dying out, the researchers point out, compared to the lizards that lay eggs. (研究人员指出, 与产卵的蜥蜴相比, 生育幼崽的蜥蜴尤其面临灭绝的危险。)”可知, 生育幼崽的蜥蜴
22、面临更大的灭绝风险。故选B。6. According to Barry Sinervo and his colleagues, _. A. their conclusion is based on current data on various kinds of lizardsB. 20 percent of local species have already disappeared worldwideC. they are uncertain about how much climate change will affect speciesD. they are seeing highla
23、nd species moving downward【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Although current evidence shows that climate change is affecting the habitat ranges of many species, there is still a lot of uncertainty about how much climate change will affect species, researchers say. (研究人员说, 尽管目前的证据表明气候变化正在影响许多物种的栖息地范围, 但气候变化将在多大程度
24、上影响物种仍有很多不确定性。)”可知, Barry Sinervo和他的同事们不确定气候变化会在多大程度上影响物种。故选C。7. The upland lizards are affected greatly by the climate change because of _. A. their living habitats destructionB. their living skillsC. highland species moving downwardD. their adaptive capacity【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“We are actually s
25、eeing lowland species moving upward, slowly driving upland species out of their habitats. If the upland species cant evolve fast enough, they will die out. ”(我们看到低地物种正向高处迁移, 慢慢地将高地物种赶出它们的栖息地。如果高地物种进化速度不够快, 它们就会灭绝。)”可推断, 气候变化对高地蜥蜴的影响很大, 是因为生活环境的破坏。故选A。8. The purpose of this passage is to _. A. prove
26、that Earth is not suitable for lizardsB. warn that lizards may die out quickly due to the climate changeC. explain why no more lizards will be found by 2080D. emphasize that the habitat of lizards is changing greatly【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据全文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了由于气温的上升, 蜥蜴物种的数量可能已经下降到了不可逆转的地步。从而可以推断出, 此文的目的是警告人们由于气
27、候变化, 蜥蜴可能会很快灭绝。故选B。【知识拓展】 长难句分析Although current evidence shows that climate change is affecting the habitat ranges of many species, there is still a lot of uncertainty about how much climate change will affect species. 分析:本句是一个复合句。句中although引导让步状语从句, 从句中含有一个that引导的宾语从句;主句是there be 句型, how much clima
28、te change will affect species为宾语从句。翻译:尽管目前的证据表明气候变化正在影响许多物种的栖息地范围, 但气候变化将在多大程度上影响物种仍有很多不确定性。. 阅读填句(2021长沙模拟)Are men able to dance? Well, if I am an example, then noI have two left feet and taking to the dance floor just fills me with dread. But of course, we know that most of us have the potential t
29、o throw some shapes, 1If youve ever watched fascinating dance shows on TV, youll know that there are men who have great dexterity and fancy footwork on the dance floor. These professional dancers have spent years learning and performing ballroom dances such as the waltz, foxtrot and tango. 2 Accordi
30、ng to a survey, over three quarters of British men have never or rarely danced. It found that over a third of men surveyed wouldnt show off their skills on the dance floor because they were too embarrassed. And ten percent said what put them off was fear of being the center of attention, being made
31、fun of, or being judged. Women may say we have to relax, get on our feet and just let ourselves go!3 But what helps is a crowded dance floor where there is safety in numbers. And according to the survey, 4 One man questioned said, “I dont think Im very good at it and therefore need some Dutch courag
32、e to get me on the floor. ”5 We need training, we need to practice and we need to lose our inhibitions. Gareth Dew, who took part in the survey, says, “I think to be able to dance you need to be able to let loose, be aware of your body and generally be more comfortable in yourself. ” Would you agree
33、?A. Easier said than done. B. many men need a drink. C. as long as we are smart enough. D. so what is it thats stopping us?E. So lets face it, and men just need help. F. men always need a great dancing partner. G. But for a majority of us men, we are not willing to participate. 【文章大意】文章主要说明了男人能不能跳舞这
34、个问题, 分析了男性不愿意跳舞的原因, 以及要跳舞所需要的一些帮助。1. 【解析】选D。结合上文“男人能跳舞吗?好吧, 如果我是一个例子, 那就不能我笨手笨脚, 跳起舞来让我充满恐惧。但当然, 我们知道我们大多数人都有潜力做出一些舞蹈动作”可知, 上文提到大多数人有做一些舞蹈动作的潜力, 故本句承接上文提出疑问是什么阻止了男人跳舞, 故D选项“那么是什么阻止了我们?”符合语境, 故选D。2. 【解析】选G。根据上一段可知本段与上一段构成转折关系, 主要是在说明男人不愿意跳舞的原因, 故G选项“但是对于我们大多数男人来说, 我们不愿意参与。”符合语境, 故选G。3. 【解析】选A。根据上文“女人
35、可能会说我们必须放松, 站起来, 释放自我!”以及后文“但有帮助的是一个拥挤的舞池, 在那里人多安全”可知, 上文提到女人说男人应该释放自我, 去跳舞, 后文则提到男人要借助拥挤的舞池来获得安全感, 说明男人要跳舞这件事, 说起来容易做起来却难。故A选项“说起来容易做起来难”符合语境, 故选A。4. 【解析】选B。根据上文“And according to the survey (根据调查)”以及后文“一名受访男性说:“我不认为我很擅长这个, 因此需要一些酒后之勇来让我上场。”可知, 本句是在说明调查内容, 指出男人跳舞需要一些东西来给自己提供勇气, 故B选项“许多男人需要喝点东西”符合语境,
36、 故选B。5. 【解析】选E。根据后文“我们需要训练, 我们需要练习, 我们需要摆脱束缚”可知, 后文列举了男人跳舞需要的各种帮助, 后文中we need可对应到E选项中men just need。故E选项“所以让我们面对现实吧, 男人只是需要帮助”符合语境, 故选E。. 书面表达(2021常德模拟)假定你是李华, 最近你发现一款向高中生提供大学课程的应用程序。请你用英语写一封邮件, 向你的交换生朋友Ann推荐这个程序。内容包括:1. 应用程序的名称及课程设置; 2. 使用该应用程序的好处。注意:写作词数应为100左右。Dear Ann, _Yours, Li Hua【参考范文】Dear An
37、n, I have recently found a wonderful app named Pre-college Programs, which is aimed at high school students who want to learn more about college courses. The app offers courses on a variety of subjects, such as speech, literature, psychology, philosophy, history, biology, computer science, physics a
38、nd math. I am now taking a course called Young Adult Literature and Its Readers. Pre-college Programs offers us a great opportunity to find out which field of study were really interested in, or what we should expect in our college. I hope this app can provide you with a new learning experience. You
39、rs, Li Hua阅读理解We are what we eat, and what we eat shows something about what we are in return. So it shouldnt be all that surprising that humans are now apparently eating plastic. A small trial at the Medical University of Vienna found tiny pieces of it in the digestive(消化的)systems of people from ei
40、ght different countries, including the UK. The study involved just eight people and doesnt tell us what, if any, effect eating plastic was having on their bodies, which means more research is needed before we know what any of this really means. We already knew that fish were eating plastic. Did we r
41、eally think it wouldnt reach back up to the top of the food chain, and that the consequences of our own actions couldnt return to affect us?Does it actually matter?This study cant yet answer that question, because all it tells us is that microplastics(微塑料)were found in human faeces(粪便). If theyre ju
42、st passing through like unwelcome guests before being driven out of the body, then perhaps theres no damage done. If there were evidence of plastics being absorbed in our internal organs, that could be a dangerous sign. And solving plastic pollution must not be delayed. Solving plastic pollution is
43、not as simple as some campaigners make it sound. Changing from plastic packaging to other materials would cause other environmental problems, for a start. Bottling liquids in glass rather than plastic make them heavier, which potentially means more trips to transport them. There is a reason, in shor
44、t, why we relied so much on plastic in the first place, and even if it were possible to stop using the stuff tomorrow, it would take up to 1, 000 years for some of whats being produced right now to disappear completely. But just because its difficult, it doesnt mean we can do nothing. There is somet
45、hing really mad about a society that on the one hand is obsessed with the quality of the food we put in our mouths, but on the other hand happily eats its own garbage. The war on plastic, it seems, just got personal. 【文章大意】文章主要告诉我们塑料污染已经很严重了, 甚至我们自己的身体也含有塑料垃圾。1. What do we know about the study menti
46、oned in the text?A. It involved eight people from different regions of the UK. B. It revealed that fish eating plastic has bad effects on their bodies. C. It found small plastic pieces in most parts of peoples internal tissues. D. It didnt give clear conclusions about the effects of eating plastic.
47、【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中The study involved just eight people and doesnt tell us what, if any, effect eating plastic was having on their bodies, which means more research is needed before we know what any of this really means. 可知, 对于吃塑料食品的影响, 该研究并没有给出明确的结论。故选D。2. Why is it difficult to replace plastic w
48、ith other materials?A. Other materials are heavier than plastic. B. People depend heavily on plastic in their daily life. C. The plastic being produced needs 1, 000 years to break down. D. Other materials are more difficult to transport. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中There is a reason, in short, why we relie
49、d so much on plastic in the first place, and even if it were possible to stop using the stuff tomorrow, it would take up to 1, 000 years for some of whats being produced right now to disappear completely. 可知, 人们在日常生活中严重依赖塑料。故选B。3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Nothing can be done to s
50、olve the plastic problem. B. We should eat more safe and healthy food. C. Our societys future is hopeless as it is so crazy. D. It is going to be difficult to settle the plastic problem. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中But just because its difficult, it doesnt mean we can do nothing. There is something really
51、 mad about a society that on the one hand is obsessed with the quality of the food we put in our mouths, but on the other hand happily eats its own garbage. 可推知, 解决塑料问题将是困难的。故选D。4. The passage mainly tells us that _. A. its time we solved environmental pollutionB. plastic pollution is too serious to
52、 deal withC. even our own bodies contain plastic wasteD. the earth is highly polluted by plastic【解析】选C。主旨大意题。结合全文内容, 尤其是根据文章第一段内容We are what we eat, and what we eat shows something about what we are in return. So it shouldnt be all that surprising that humans are now apparently eating plastic. 可知, 本文主要告诉我们塑料污染已经很严重了, 甚至我们自己的身体也含有塑料垃圾。故选C。