1、Section B Discovering Useful Structures & Listening and Talking学习目标1、学会本节单词、短语2、掌握本节语法重点。重点词汇 1. supply 词性：_ 意思：_ 词性：_ 意思：_ supply sth. to sb. =supply sb. with sth.给某人提供某物2. survive 词性：_ 意思：_ 词性：_ 意思：_survive on sth. = live on sth. 靠存活3.calm 词性：_ 意思：_calm down 冷静下来keep calm 保持冷静4. aid 词性：_ 意思：_first
2、 aid 急救 with the aid of =with sbs aid 在某人的帮助下语法解析Grammar:定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that这些词
3、代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中做主语）He is the man whom/ that I met yesterday. 他就是我昨天遇见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换），例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass
4、me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（w
5、hich / that在句中作宾语）定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况1.当先行词是everything, anything, nothing, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时。2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。4.当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。6.当先行词为人与物时。7先行词在定语从句中做表语,而关系代词在从句中也做表语时。定语从句中
6、只能用which引导的情况1.当关系代词的前面有介词时.2.在非限制性定语从句中.3.在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which .4.当关系代词后面带有插入语时.5.先行词本身是that, 宜用which .定语从句中只能用who引导的情况1. 先行词是one, ones和anyone时，宜用who。2. 先行词是those时，宜用who。3.当先行词有较长的后置定语时，宜用who。4.一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who。5. 在there be 开头的句子中，宜用who。关系代词as 引导定语
7、从句1. 关系代词as在限制性定语从句时，在从句里做宾语时，绝不能省略。2. 当先行词被 the same 所修饰时，关系词既可以用 as，也可以用 that。不过一般说来，表示同一种类多用 as，表示同一事物多用 that。但是表示抽象概念时，同种类和同一事物是没有绝对区别的，所以as和that可互换。3. as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开。4. as引导非限制性定语从句。as在定语从句中做主语、表语或宾语。as代指整个主句，而as引的这个定语从句是用来补充说明整个主句的，可以放在主句之前或者之后。5. as常用于be known/ ex
8、pected/reported等结构中。练习：1.（2017江苏高考改编）In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of _ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.2.（2017天津高考改编）My eldest son，_ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.3.（2017北京高考改编）The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be
9、inspirations for great inventions.4. The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.8.（2017全国卷改编）Around me in the picture are the things _ were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.9.（2017全国卷I改编）Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，_ is not good for the health.10.（2017全国卷改编）But Sarah, _ has taken part in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.答案1. whose2. whose3. that4. as5. which/that6. which7. who