1、2014辽宁省灯塔市高考英语阅读理解连载（7）及答案阅读理解They may be just passing your office, computer bag slung (悬挂) over one shoulder. Or they may be sitting in a car outside it, causally tapping away at a laptop. They look like innocent passers-by. In fact, they are stealing your corporate secrets.Drive-by hacking is the
2、trendy term given to the practice of breaking into wireless computer networks from outside the buildings that house them. A recent study in the UK, sponsored by RSA Data Security, found that two-thirds of organizations with wireless networks were risking their data in this way. Security experts patr
3、olled (巡逻) several streets in the City of London seeking evidence of wireless networks in operation.Of 124 that they identified, 83 were sending data without encrypting（加密） them. Such data could readily be picked up by a passer-by armed only with a portable computer, a wireless modem and a few piece
4、s of software that can be freely down-loaded from the Internet.The data could include sensitive company documents containing valuable information. Or they could be e-mail identities and passwords that could be used by hackers to log into corporate networks as if they were legal users.Most companies
5、using wireless networking technology do not take even the simplest of precautions to protect their data. Nearly all wireless network technology comes with some basic security features that need only to be activated in order to give a minimum level of security, for example, by encrypting the data bei
6、ng passed over the network.Raymon Kruck, business development manager at Check Point Software, a security technology specialist, believes this could be partly a psychological problem. People see the solid walls of their building as safeguards and forget that wireless networks can extend up to 200 me
7、ters beyond physical walls.Companies without any security at all on their wireless networks make it ridiculously easy for hackers to break in. Switching on the security that comes with the network technology should be automatic. Then there are other basic steps a company can take, says Mr. Kruck, su
8、ch as changing the passwords on the network from the default (默认) setting.Companies can also install firewalls, which form a barrier between the internal network and the public Internet. They should also check their computer records regularly to spot any abnormal activity, which might betray the pre
9、sence of a hacker.16. According to the study sponsored by RSA Data Security, two thirds of the subjects _.A.had their corporate data stolenB.depended on wireless computer networksC.were exposed to drive-by hackingD.were unaware of the risk of wireless hacking17.Which of the following is not consider
10、ed in the study?A.The number of wireless hacking incidents.B.The number of wireless computer networks.C.The way in which data are sent and received.D.The way in which data are hacked and stolen.18.Most wireless network technology comprises _.A.data encryption programsB. password security programsC.i
11、llegal-user detectionD. virus-intrusion detection19.Raymond Kruck most probably agrees that wireless network security involves _.A. wireless signal administrationB.changes in users awarenessC.users psychological healthD.stronger physical walls20.Without firewalls, companies using wireless networks _
12、.A.cannot operate normallyB.should turn to passwordsC.will be easily attacked by hackersD.can still spot the activities of hackers【参考答案】1620、CAABD2013湖北卷A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years t
13、han those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to es
14、timate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the fu
15、ture.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.“We observed that being
16、 too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，” wrote Frieder RLang, a professor at the University of ErlangenNuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who wer
17、e pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，” the authors wrote.Surprisingly, compared with those i
18、n poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusio
19、ns.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，” the au
20、thors concluded.67According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?AOptimistic adults. BMiddleaged adults.CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income.68Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _Ato fully enjoy their present lif
21、eBto estimate their contribution accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly than wealth69How do people of higher income see their future?AThey will earn less money.BThey will become pessimistic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less time to enjoy l
22、ife.70What is the clear conclusion of the study?APessimism guarantees chances of survival.BGood financial condition leads to good health.CMedical treatment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.【要点综述】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人
23、对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。67B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“while middleaged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。故B正确。68C 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions ”知，对未
24、来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。故C正确。69A 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.”知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。故A正确。70D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的
25、满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。故D正确。C82013江苏卷 -CIf a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.If the bubbles form in hi
26、s lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.Other airbreathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen f
27、orm inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew
28、 all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the worlds natura
29、lhistory museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead，h
30、e was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.If ichthyosaurs did evolve an antidecompression means, they clearly did so quicklyand,
31、most strangely, they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark.One of the features of
32、Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark and crocodilefree.In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey(猎物)as well a
33、s predatorand often had to make a speedy exit as a result.61Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?AA twisted body.BA gradual decrease in blood supply.CA sudden release of nitrogen in blood.DA drop in blood pressure.62The purpose of Rothschilds study is to see _Ahow often ichthyosa
34、urs caught the bendsBhow ichthyosaurs adapted to decompressionCwhy ichthyosaurs bent their bodiesDwhen ichthyosaurs broke their bones63Rothschilds finding stated in Paragraph 4 _Aconfirmed his assumption Bspeeded up his research processCdisagreed with his assumption Dchanged his research objectives6
35、4Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs _.Afailed to evolve an antidecompression meansBgradually developed measures against the bendsCdied out because of large sharks and crocodilesDevolved an antidecompression means but soon lost it【要点综述】 本篇为科普说明文，讲述鱼龙患减压病的原因和后果。Dr Rothschild通过实验推翻了关于鱼龙进
36、化的一些猜测。61A细节理解题。根据the bends可定位到首段。由“The consequenceis sharp pain and a bent bodythus the name.”可知答案，a bent body和a twisted body是同义转换。由第二句的“Nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.”可知，这是说the bends的形成原因，故C、D项错，而B项文章没有提及。62B推理判断题。题干中的关键词是Rothschilds study，由此可定位
37、到第三段的前两句。根据“to find out how widespread the problem was in the pastto investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression”可知答案为B。63C推理判断题。根据第四段“he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decomp
38、ression.Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.”可知，Rothschild的假设结论与在研究过程中得出的结果是相反的，故选C项。64A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，Rothschild认为鱼龙在进化过程中反减压方式进化失败，故选A项。阅读理解-BWhen the sun is up in Amsterdam, the largest city in the Netherlands sits quietly on the Amstel River .You can rent a bicycle, visit the Va
39、n Gogh or Anne Frank museum, or take a water taxi.But when the sun goes down, the partying begins. In the big clubs and in coffee shops, tourists gather to hang out, talk politics and smoke.Several areas of the city clearly show the two worlds that rule Amsterdam. And they are all within a short cab
40、 ride of each other.For example, Dam Square attracts daytime sightseers to its festivals, open markets, concerts and other events. Several beautiful and very popular hotels can be found there. And there is the Royal Palace and the Magna Plaza shopping mall.But as evening descends on Dam Square so do
41、 the party-seeker, hip pop or funk music begins blaring from Club Paradiso and Club Melkweg. These are two of the most popular clubs in Europe. So if you come, be ready to dance. The clubs dont shut down until 4 am.And while you are there, check out the various inexpensive ways to tour the city. Don
42、t worry about getting lost. Although Dutch is the official language, most people in Amsterdam speak English and are happy to help you with directions.And you will notice that half the people in streets are on bicycles. They rent for US $17 to $20 for a whole day.Amsterdam also has a good canal syste
43、m. From anywhere between US $2 and $9.50, you can use the canal bus or a water taxi to cruise the “Venice of the North”.You can take in the picturesque canal house architecture: The rows of neat, narrow sour-story dwellings of brownstone with large windows are well worth seeing. Many of them are sev
44、eral centuries old.You might also want to jump out of the canal bus at the Museum Quarter and start walking. Masterpieces by Dutch artists such as Rembrandt, Bruegel, Van Gogh and others are on display at the Van Gogh Museum, Rembrandt House and others.The city has an appreciation of its historic po
45、st. One place to visit is the Anne Frank House in Nine Streets. It was there that the young Jewish girl wrote her famous diary during World War II. Visitors can viewAnnesoriginal diary and climb behind the bookcase to the room where she and her family hid from the Nazis for two years.6. At the begin
46、ning of the passage, the author indicates that_.A. Parties go on all day long in Amsterdam B. Amsterdam attracts many daytime visitorsC. Amsterdam is generally known as a quiet city D. Amsterdam presents two different pictures7. Which tourist attraction is mentioned in detail in Paragraphs Four and
47、five?A. Royal palace. B. Dam Square. C. Club Paradiso. D. Magns Plaza.8. What the authors purpose in writing the passage?A. To attract people to visit AmsterdamB. To share his experiences with readersC. To list the places of interest in AmsterdamD. To introduce the residents life in Amsterdam9. Acco
48、rding to the passage, the local people have all the following characteristics EXCEPT_.A. they show hospitality B. they can speak EnglishC. they are party goers D. they are fond of cycling10. Which of the following words can best describe Amsterdam as a tourist city?A. Delightful B.Quiet C. Historic D. Modern【参考答案】610、DBACA