1、高中语法：被动语态1. 被动语态表示句中的主语接受谓语动作，也就是说，主语是谓语动作的承受者。语动词用作被动语态的句子叫做被动句。2. 构成：be + 过去分词（be有时可用become 或get代替）Be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化。3. 被动语态的各种时态形式有： 一般时态：be + 过去分词现在过去将来过去将来is/ am/ are donewas/ were donewill/ shall be donewould/ should be done English is spoken in many countries. Romeo and Juliet was writt
2、en by Shakespeare. Many believe that one day the earth will be destroyed if people do not learn to live in peace. 进行时态：be + being + 过去分词现在过去is/ am/ are being donewas/ were being done His plan is being carried out successfully. The new curtains were being hung when the visitors showed up. The car wil
3、l be being cleaned by my brother. 完成时态：have + been + 过去分词现在过去将来have/ has been donehad been donewill/ shall have been doneIve been robbed. The outcome of the election was announced before all of the votes had been counted. Everything will have been done by the end of this month. 【练一练】1. (2010 湖南) Thi
4、s coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year. A. was named B. named C. is named D. names2. (2010 全国1) The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made3. (2010 上海) The church tower which _ will be open to tou
5、rists soon. The work is almost finished. A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored 4. (2010 北京) In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the “r” sounds at the end of the words _.A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped 5. (2010 福建) Every year
6、a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money making jobs they _ before they leaving their hometowns.A. promised B. were promisedC. have promised D. have been promised 6. (2010 天津) Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.A. are
7、exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibiting D. is being exhibiting7. (2010 四川) Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.A. will expect B. will be expected C. expected D. were expected. 用法1. 要用到被动语态的情况1） 强调动作的承受者,说话者不知道动作的执行者，或者认为没有必要指出： This bridge was built
8、in 1700. The house is being repaired. 2） 说话者希望所说的内容显得更加客观，避免就一些自己不太肯定的事表态：此类通常为表示据说或相信 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成，如： It is said that据说；It is reported that 据报道；It is believed that大家相信；It is hoped that大家希望； It is well known that 众
9、所周知 It is said that Japans industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.3） 在文章标题、广告、新闻中 Waitress wanted. Millions of pounds worth of damage has been caused by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. 2. 感官动词主动语态的宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to：The teacher made me go out
10、 of the classroom. - I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. - He was seen to play football on the playground. 3. 情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be +过去分词， Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以产生工农业需要的电。 4. 短语动词的被动语态：短语动
11、词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 5. 主动形式表被动意义1） 系动词look. Sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, seem + adj. / n. 构成系表结构:The steel feels cold. His plan proved (to be) practical.2） 表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish
12、, start, open, close, stop, end, shut等：Work began at 7oclock this morning. The shop closes at 6 p.m. every day. 3） 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write, act, iron, cut, drive, sell, wash, clean等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语：This coat dries/ washes/ irons easily.The book sells well. This novel reads well. . 4） blame,
13、let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等: I was to blame for the accident. Much work remains. 5） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve + V-ing 表示被动： The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired. This book is worth reading. 6） 介词in, on, under+ n. 构成介词短语表被动：Under control 受控制; under treatm
14、ent 在治疗中; under repair 在修理中；under discussion 在讨论中；in print 在印刷中；on sale 出售；on show 展出The rumor is beyond belief. (=cant be believed)Today some treasures are on show (= are being shown) in the museum.【练一练】翻译下列句子：这道菜尝起来很香。这门锁不上。你的头发该理了。这个问题正在讨论之中。6. 不用被动语态的情况：1）不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, en
15、d（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有无被动语态。 After the fire, very little remained of my house. 【试比较】rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 （错） The price has been risen. （对） The price has risen. 2）
16、 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等：例：This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。 3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, loo
17、k, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn：例：It sounds good. 听上去不错。 . Exercises1. I should be very much like to have gone to the party, but I _.A. am not invited B. am not being invited C. shall not be invited D. was not invited 2. -How are things going?- The disabled _ no relatives in Guangzh
18、ou _ by the volunteers, who will graduate from Zhongshan University next year. A. with; are taking care of B. have; will be taken care of C. with; are being taken care of D. have; are being taken care of3. The attackers were arrested and didnt know where they _.A. would take B. are taken C. were being taken D. will be taken