1、2013 高考英语增分锦囊(二) - 补全对话难点解密甘肃 庆阳 刘克炜【摘 要】补全对话是现代高考英语考试中阅读理解的附加测试题型之一，其主要考查考生的英语综合水平在特定语境中的基本实践运用能力，重点检测考生中学毕业后是否已经具备了英语语言所规定的分析、判断、推理能力。通过科学备考，考生就能掌握重点，把持考点，攻克难点，这样，考生再经过认真审题后便可轻松地获取该题的满分了。【关键词】补全对话 难点 解密 高考考纲解读补全对话题是高考英语非听力试卷中的阅读理解题以对话理解形式而体现的的阅读附加题，它有效地提升了考生对阅读理解题的理解广度和理解深度，增强了对考生英语口头交际能力在实践运用中的考查
2、力度，系统而全面地测试了考生运用英语语言进行交际的语言技能，完全再现了中学英语新教材所具有的生活特色和时代精神。但考查力度有所上升，更加突出对考生准确地理解对话主旨和上下文逻辑关系的理解程度的考查，同时也强化了对话干扰项的语言功能。补全对话测试要求：补全对话题考查能力重点体现在：考查考生掌握对话主旨或大意的能力；考查考生理解对话表层意思和深层含义的能力；考查考生理解对话中上下文间逻辑关系的能力；考查考生正确运用推理判断的能力；考查考生理解双方态度，意图，观点或情感的能力。补全对话题的主要特征：补全对话题的议题内容非常贴近中学生的日常学习，生活或参加活动的实际情况，更加趋于选材的生活化和情景化，
3、其材料范围全出自于中学英语教材课程标准和考试说明中规定的实践性话题，重点有社会交往型，态度观点型，意图情感型和生活常识型。补全对话题材与特征：补全对话题所提供的材料一般是对话或对话短文，主要议题为双方讨论一件事，安排一次活动或酝酿一个中心话题，对话者的身份通常是同学与同学，朋友与朋友，教授与学生，医生与病人，交警与司机；父母与子女；老板与雇员；店主与顾客等。根据议题境况，双方发表意见，交换看法，表明态度，传送情感，经过双方完全沟通后，最终两人达成共识。 高考命题聚焦 整个语篇和上下文语境逻辑关系的考查 多层次细节推理综合的考查 主旨大意进行综合，归纳和推断的考查 高考考向探秘考查重点语篇逻辑关
4、系的理解 语篇深层含义的理解 背景或态度的理解考查难点深层化理解 细节化理解 综合化理解考查热点语篇分析理解 深层推断理解 全文综合理解 高考聚焦题型【题型1】关键词的考查：关键词是语句表现的灵魂，同时也是语言活力的体现，进而是考生进行逻辑分析的重要参数信息和信息彻底理解的标签。【典例】根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项是多余项。- Im so angry with Mike.- Why? 61 .- Well, you know we have just bought a computer.- Yeah, I know. 62 . - Yeah, he do
5、es. Thats the problem. He is always working so many hours on the machine that hes not spending enough time on his school work.- Oh, dear!- And, just now I received his teachers telephone. 63 . - Thats too bad! What did you say to him?- I told him that he shouldnt use the computer during the weekdays
6、. Just on the weekend.- 64 . - Oh, you know kids. Whatever their parents say goes in one ear and out the other. Do you think you can talk to him? 65 . - Well, Ill try. A. And Mike likes it dearly.B. Is he going to follow your advice?C. Guess what did she say on the phone?D. What happened?E. You are
7、his favorite uncle.F. Hes often very polite.G. She said that mike hadnt passed his exam. 【分析】本篇对话简单地叙述了Mike父亲对儿子沉迷于电脑而影响到了学习成绩感到困惑，以求得的自己同事帮他劝劝孩子合理使用电脑的事。61. D。 根据关键词so angry判断，父亲对待儿子的态度，出于朋友间的相互关心，作为同事，很想知道对方究竟发生了什么事。62. A。 由于关键词a computer提示，同事随即补充了孩子Mike对电脑的喜好程度，也没有什么能使身为父亲，那样生气孩子。63. G。 当父亲把问题说出来
8、以后，他的同事才恍然大悟，感觉到了问题的严重性，同时父亲把可怕的结果告诉了自己的同事，故受关键句And, just now I received his teachers telephone的制约，应补全的是“电话的内容”。64. B。根据关键词Just on the weekend的提示，判断出父亲已经做出了劝告或建议。但作为好朋友，自己表现出非常关注孩子对此问题的态度，应补出“孩子采纳劝告的结果”。65. E。根据关键句Do you think you can talk to him推断，父亲的劝告未果，希望自己的同事帮他来劝劝Mike，合理使用电脑。应用表示“信心”的要素来补全才对。【点
9、拨】考查关键词。节时省力，达到事半功倍。【题型解密】补全对话题中，考生通常会采取快速阅读，全力抓住材料中的关键词，以增强对材料的正确理解和缜密地判断。考生巧用关键词完全可以使自己彻底摆脱片面判断或盲目结论的干扰项的困惑，以此考生自然就加快了思维进程，提升了准确程度，这样，自己便可高度精准地选取材料所宜用的补全对象来完善语意了。【题型2】信息句的考查：补全对话题是由结构紧凑和意义完整的话题材料组成，有强烈的感情色彩，分明地表现出了对话者所持有的意见，观点，思想和场景中人物间相互关系的信息句。【典例】根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项是多余项。- You dont
10、 look very happy. 61 .- Ive got to write a long composition for my English class. I just cant comeup with any idea and I have to hand it in tomorrow.- 62 .Remember those pictures you were showing me last week. You may write about your trip to Egypt.- 63 .I can also write about youre the visit to Nor
11、th Africa, the Holy Land and all of these beautiful places.- Well, it seems you are feeling better about it now. 64 . Ive got to write my composition, too.- 65 .I dont think it will be difficult now.A. I think I should be on my way.B. What seems to be the problem?C. Thank you for your help.D. That s
12、ounds like a good idea.E. What a terrible thing!F. That shouldnt be too difficult.G. It doesnt matter.【分析】本篇对话简单地讲述了两名中学生在讨论中是如何完成自己的英语作文写作素材的选定工作的。61.B。 根据信息句学生甲You dont look very happy提示，急切地想知道对方由于何种原因而产生了那种精神状态和思想情绪，以此诱发了疑问。62. F。 由于受Remember those pictures you were showing me last week信息句支配，作为建议
13、的方式或试探性口吻体现出，该话题应是学生乙最基本的写作素材，根据双方平时学习程度判断，按理来说，这样写作话题学生乙写起来不是很难。63. D。 通过信息句I can also write about youre the visit to North Africa来分析，学生乙同意了学生甲的建议。64. A。 由于Ive got to write my composition, too信息句补充，学生甲的建议得到了采纳，同时也打消了学生乙心中的写作疑虑，自己感到很高兴也有了可以写的作文素材。65. C。 学生乙在学生甲的合理建议的提示下，自己作文素材的问题圆满地得以解决了，纵观全局，应是表示感谢
14、，应用Thank you for your help。【点拨】考查信息句。主旨信息突出，表达精炼。【题型解密】补全对话题中的信息句是考生轻松解题的切入点，通过信息句的提示，考生完全可以有选择地有针对性地直取要旨信息，按照题材要求，这样，考生以此而便可顺利地补全对话中所需要的题材要素。【题型3】语境与逻辑推理的考查：悉知语境是考生推断所要选取句子的前提条件和先决因素。语境的重点涉及到判定对话中的人物，身份，时间，地点，议题等以及它们间的相互关系。【典例】根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项是多余项。- Yes, 61 It was 2:45 exactly.- G
15、ood. 62 .- Well, quite slow, about 10 miles an hour. It was coming up York Road. 63 .But they were still red when he went over them.- I see. 64 . Was it also driving slowly?- It was coming along Union Street about 30 miles per hour. It was a blue Toyota. 65 .- Did you see what color his traffic ligh
16、t was?- Yes, it changed to yellow just before he crossed it.A. What about the car?B. I checked my watch.C. Didnt you see the car?D. Now, how fast was the truck moving?E. Was the car going beyond the speed limit?F. I suppose the truck driver knew the lights were going to change.G. The driver stopped
17、his car when he saw the truck crossing the street.【分析】本篇对话简单地叙述了一位交警在一次交通肇事中对一事故的现场目击者进行盘问的过程。61. B。 根据场景信息It was 2:45 exactly推断，应填入表示确认时间的方式，故用I checked my watch来补全。62. D。 根据下句about 10 miles an hour判断，上句应是表示时速的问句，故用Now, how fast was the truck moving?63. F。 根据场景信息But they were still red when he went
18、 over them推断，应填入表示目击者所持的观点，故用I suppose the truck driver knew the lights were going to change。64. A。 根据场景描述和It was a blue Toyota提示，应用What about the car？65. G。根据场景描述和it changed to yellow just before he crossed it推理，应用The driver stopped his car when he saw the truck crossing the street.【点拨】考查语境与逻辑推理。语境
19、的重点涉及到判定对话中的人物，身份，时间，地点，议题等以及它们间的相互关系。考生借助于合理的语境关系进行精准地逻辑推理，结合题材信息和英语语言常识，自己便可巧妙地得出正确的答案选项，使整个对话内容恢复完整，语句通顺。【题型解密】在补全对话题中，考生要运用自己所掌握的英语语言知识，根据对话材料的情景或呈现的实际情况，准确地理解句子的确切含义和语境的深刻寓意，认真分析，仔细比较，合理推断，排除干扰，使符合语境要求的选项最终成为确认的正确答案。如：对话情景是两人在看完电影后，问句：How do you like the film?考生通过语境推断，对方是征询自己对这场电影的评价或看法，以此分析而得出
20、表示评价的说法有：肯定用Its wonderful! 或its great!否定的话，则用Very bad或Quite boring等。另外，考生在浏览7个被选项时，不仅要理解语句的内容，语气，指代，结构，方式，特征，标点符号等，还要确保填入后的已定选项合乎逻辑，前后连贯，文理通顺，这样才能达到对话语意完整，文篇统一。综合上述，考生在做补全对话题时，首先要通读全篇，越过空白行或非目标信息，抓住关键，锁定要旨，快速了解问中大意，确立境况，理顺关系。其次,考生要把好脉向，进一步探知对话者的各自态度，意图或观点等，适时地运用自己的解题技巧来实践策略的解题技能，先易后难，最后攻坚，赢取胜利，这样，考生
21、就会出色而轻松地完成补全对话题了。 Model Test 1根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项是多余项。- Something important has just happened at the office, Janet. So I shant be able to meet you for lunch after all, Im afraid.- I dont know! 61 . What is it this time?- I have to meet an important buyer at the airport.- And take him
22、out to lunch, I suppose.- 62 .- Thats really annoying! What about the play tonight? You promised to go with me!- Yes, darling, I promised. But Im afraid well have to cancel it, Im really sorry.- What about Thursday? Could you go then? 63 .- I should think all the seats will be booked up. 64 .- Ive t
23、elephoned the theatre. The seats arent all booked up , in fact.- Well, as Ive just said. Im booked up.- 65 .- Thats right. You ask Jenny.A. Whenever you plan to take me out to lunch, something always happens.B. When on earth will you take me out for a meal?C. And take her out to lunch, Im afraid.D.
24、They say its a wonderful play. E. And anyway, Im booked up all myself next week.F. Im really sorry I cant keep my promise.G. If thats the way you feel, Ill ask Jenny if shell take me.Model Test 2- Hi. Mike! How are you feeling?- Why, Jack! And Tom! 61 .- I was talking with Donna yesterday and she to
25、ld me you had had an accident. 62 .- A drunk driver. He ran into my car from the rear.- Woe1 He must have hit you hard.- Terrible! 63 .- I was pretty shaken up at the time. Anyway, they brought me here. - 64 . I asked the teacher whether there were any internal injuries. He said he didnt think so, b
26、ut hed better say a couple of days for observation.- well, Mike. 65 .and let us know if theres something we can do for you.- Ill do that. Thank you for your coming. And thanks for the flowers.A. Dont worry about me!B. Something wrong, Im afraid.C. Take it easy.D. Nothing serious, I hope.E. But you d
27、ont look too bad.F. How did it happen?G. How did you know? Model Test 1【对话大意】 本对话简单讲述了：有一天，一对青年夫妇原安排中午共进午餐，不巧，临时有客户来厂，而已经安排好的的午餐预约不得不被取消，随之又围绕了一个新的预约而展开了又一次新的讨论。 【答案与解析】61. A。 根据信息句What is it this time判断，上句应填Whenever you plan to take me out to lunch, something always happens来表明，一方的事务活动因故而临时变更已是司空见惯了
28、。62. C。 根据生活常识判断，表示对客人实施的接待方式，应填And take her out to lunch, Im afraid.63. D。通过上句信息What about Thursday? Could you go then提示，补加说明此次提议的play是否具有新的价值和意义，暗示对方最好能去参加，故用They say its a wonderful play。64. E。根据关键句判断I should think all the seats will be booked up，为了坚定信心，应用And anyway, Im booked up all myself next
29、week补全意义。65. G。根据下句Thats right. You ask Jenny分析，上句应填If thats the way you feel, Ill ask Jenny if shell take me.表示对此次安排的最后态度和实施的方式。Model Test 2【对话大意】 本对话简单讲述了一朋友去医院看望因车祸而住院治疗的一位挚友间的一段友情对话。【答案与解析】61. G。 根据下句信息I was talking with Donna yesterday and she told me you had had an accident判断，应填How did you kno
30、w来表示消息的传播方式。62. F。 根据下句信息A drunk driver. He ran into my car from the rear判断，应填How did it happen描述肇事的缘由。63. B。 根据关键词Terrible分析，表示看望着对病人病情的担忧，应填Something wrong, Im afraid。64. A。根据境况I asked the teacher whether there were any internal injuries. He said he didnt think so, but hed better say a couple of d
31、ays for observation来分析，病人态度明朗，解除朋友对自己病情的担忧，应填Dont worry about me。65. D。 根据下句信息and let us know if theres something we can do for you推断，朋友祝愿病人早日康复，应填Nothing serious, I hope。【参考文献】1.全日制普通高级中学教课书(试验修订本必修)高中英语(人教版)2.2012年全国普通高等学校统一招生考试说明英语(人教版) 3.全日制普通高级中学教学教材课程标准英语(人教版) 4.2012年全国及各省市高考试题全解英语卷薛金星(人民日报出版社2012.7.) 5.牛津现代高级英汉双解辞典As Hornby ，张芳杰编（牛津大学出版社6.牛津高阶英汉双解词典As Hornby , Sally Wehmeier, 陆谷孙编 （商务印书馆）7.实用英语语法张道真编（商务印书馆）8.英语高考必备刘锐诚编（中国青年出版社）9.现代英语惯用法词典费致德编 （商务印书馆）