1、第3讲构词法考点1形容词变副词的规律1. 一般情况加ly。如：realreally; carefulcarefully; politepolitely; quickquickly2. 以“辅音字母y”结尾的，将y改为i，再加ly。如：angryangrily; busybusily; heavyheavily3. 以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probableprobably; possiblepossibly4. 部分以“辅音字母e”结尾的词，去掉e再加ly。如：truetruly5. 以ic结尾的，加ally。如：basicbasically；energeticenergetic
2、ally有的名词ly形容词，如：friendfriendly; daydaily考点2动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的comfortcomfortable舒适的fashionfashionable时髦的almusicmusical音乐的originoriginal最初的personpersonal个人的；私人的fuldoubtdoubtful怀疑的forgetforgetful健忘的harmharmful有害的ibleaccessaccessible易得到的horrorhorrible可怕的；恐怖的responseresponsible 有责
3、任的；负责的iveeffecteffective有效的；生效的attractattractive有吸引力的impressimpressive给人深刻印象的ouscontinuecontinuous不断的；持续的anxietyanxious忧虑的curiositycurious好奇的sometiretiresome令人厌倦的troubletroublesome麻烦的ytastetasty美味的；可口的healthhealthy健康的wealthwealthy富裕的；丰富的erneasteastern东方的；向东的ishchildchildish孩子气的foolfoolish愚蠢的；可笑的self
4、selfish自私的icsciencescientific科学的economyeconomic经济的historyhistoric历史上著名的aryimagineimaginary想象中的考点3动词变名词的后缀后缀例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival到来；到达survivesurvival幸存anceenceappearappearance出现；外貌performperformance表演；节目existexistence存在；生存preferpreference偏爱iontionationcompetecompetition比赛；竞争inviteinvi
5、tation邀请；请柬explainexplanation解释(ss)iondiscussdiscussion讨论；辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳；准许入学inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始mentachieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument辩论；论据treattreatment对待；治疗ureturefailfailure失败；未做presspressure压力mixmixture混合；混合物yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现其他choosech
6、oice选择varyvariety多样化；种类tendtendency趋向；趋势考点4形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词ageshortshortage不足；短缺cyefficientefficiency效率；功效fluentfluency流利；流畅privateprivacy隐私；私密domfreefreedom自由；自在wisewisdom明智；智慧cedifferentdifference差异silentsilence沉默nessweakweakness虚弱；弱点kindkindness仁慈；好意carelesscarelessness粗心大意thgrowgrowth成长；生长warmwarmt
7、h温暖；热情ytyitydifficultdifficulty困难safesafety安全realreality现实考点5表示人的后缀后缀例词erteachteacher老师villagevillager村民strangestranger陌生人(注意：cookcooker炉灶，炉具)arlieliar说谎者eeemployemployee受雇者；雇员interviewinterviewee被面试者traintrainee受训练的人；学员orinventinventor发明家actactor男演员educateeducator教育家；教师essactactress女演员hosthostess女主
8、人；女主持人eseChinaChinese中国人JapanJapanese日本人nAmericaAmerican美国人AustraliaAustralian澳大利亚人ianmusicmusician音乐家historyhistorian历史学家politicspolitician政治家；政客istnovelnovelist小说家specialspecialist专家tourtourist旅行者；观光者antserveservant仆人participateparticipant参加者assistassistant助手；助理考点6表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀disagreedi
9、sagree不同意advantagedisadvantage缺点illegalillegal不合法的logicalillogical不合逻辑的impoliteimpolite无礼的patientimpatient不耐烦的informalinformal非正式的convenientinconvenient不方便的irregularirregular不规则的responsibleirresponsible不负责任的misleadmislead误导understandmisunderstand误解nonsmokernonsmoker不吸烟者stopnonstop直达的unusualunusual不寻
10、常的willingunwilling不愿意的后缀lesshopehopeless绝望的endendless没完没了的考点7变动词的前缀和后缀前/后缀例词前缀enableenable使能够largeenlarge扩大richenrich使充实后缀enbroadbroaden(使)变宽riperipen(使)成熟sharpsharpen使尖锐widewiden加宽ifyclassclassify把分类justjustify证明正确simplesimplify简化iseapologyapologise道歉emphasisemphasise强调考点8ed形容词和ing形容词一些动词，如amaze, m
11、ove, excite, disappoint, encourage, puzzle, surprise, confuse, interest, satisfy, please, shock, astonish, disturb, bore等，其ing形式和ed形式都能转化为形容词。The story was very moving and we were deeply moved.这个故事非常感人，我们都被深深地感动了。此类形容词作定语修饰表情和声音时的区别：动词ing形式用来说明主语的特性，表示该表情或声音令人怎么样，因此译作“令人的”；动词ed形式用来说明发出该表情或声音的人所处的一种状
12、态。. 单句语法填空1. (2021浙江卷6月)In 1844 they bought it for $1，200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their marriage (marry) ceremony in 1842.2. (2020全国卷)Chinese New Year is a celebration (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.3. (2021新高考卷)The hot spring a
13、t the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will undoubtedly (undoubted) help you get refreshed! 4. (2020新高考卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.5. (2019全国卷)They also shared with us
14、many traditional (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists. 语法填空(2021江苏南京三模)Backpack Chinas Silk RoadThis is not a voyage that many travellers experience; its often overlooked in favour of more accessible and famous destinations in China. But for adventurous travellers
15、looking for something 1. truly (true)different, backpacking Chinas Silk Road brings glorious rewards.In history, the Silk Road included many routes that connected east and south Asia to Mediterranean Europe, so 2. named (name)because the largest goods traded down the route were Chinese silk.Several
16、historical 3. branches (branch) in the road mean that you have options when 4. deciding (decide) your route. Chinas northwest is historically one of 5. its (it) least connected regions. The Jiayu pass, where the impressive Jiayuguan Fort was built in the 1370s, 6. marks (mark) the end of the Great W
17、all.The region spreads over 2，400 km, most of 7. which is separated by vast areas of desert. The region is now connected by highspeed rail, making getting around 8. an easy thing. If taking an overnight train trip, equip yourself 9. with food and plenty of bottled water before you start. Trains also
18、 usually sell beer and wine, but at high prices, so be sure to pack your own, as having a ganbei is a great way 10. to meet (meet) locals and make friends while travelling. 写作运用根据汉语提示补全作文， 并注意其中的词性转换。Dear Tom，At present，there are many foreigners learning Chinese, because China 1. is playing an impor
19、tant part in the world (在世界上起着重要的作用). It is with a good command of Chinese that you will get a better understanding of China, 2. a country with a long history of more than 5，000 years(一个有着5，000多年历史的国家)As for the advice on learning Chinese, I would say there is no such thing as a free lunch in the wo
20、rld. Therefore, 3. speaking Chinese fluently (流利地说汉语) should be based on hard work. To begin with, 4. make good use of every opportunity (充分利用每一个机会) to practise Chinese the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it. 5. Most importantly (最重要地), even if many problems may come up in learning Chinese, you should not give up.Yours，Li Hua
