1、Section Discovering Useful Structures Grammar八种基本句式新知导引诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1My name is Amy.2A boy meets a girl during a break.3My mum brought me a new dictionary.4We must act.5The teacher found the classroom empty.6There are 66 students in our class.共性呈现1句 1 是“主语系动词表语”结构2句 2 是“主语谓语(及物动词)宾语状语”3句 3 是“主语谓语
2、(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语”4句 4 是“主语谓语(不及物动词)”5句 5 是“主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语”6句 6 是 There be.句式语法精释一、分清句子成分根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。1主语：表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。The teacher is very kind to us.老师对我们很好。I dont like pop music.我不喜欢流行音乐。2谓语：说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语
3、充当，位于主语之后。We have finished our work already.我们已经完成了工作。I will wait for you at the school gate.我要在校门口等你。3表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。He looks very angry.他看上去很生气。She is a clever girl.她是一位聪明的女孩。4宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。He wrote many play
4、s.他写了许多剧本。She loves swimming.她喜欢游泳。5宾语补足语：用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。Ive never seen her dancing.我从未看见过她跳舞。I wish you a happy weekend.我祝愿你周末愉快。6定语：对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。Its an interesting story.那是一个有趣的故事。Do you have time to help us?你有时间帮助我们吗？7状语
5、：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。We like English very much.我们非常喜欢英语。Her uncle lives in Canada.她叔叔住在加拿大。She was lying in bed reading.她躺在床上看书。8同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且句法功能也一样，那么后一项称为前一项的同位语。We students should study hard.我们学生应该努力学习。Li Hua,a middle school student,comes from the USA.李华是一名来自美
6、国的中学生。二、八种基本句式句子成分构成了英语中各种各样的句子。其实英语中最基本的句式只有八种，其他各种句式都是由这八种基本句式演变而来。八种基本句式如下：主语谓语(不及物动词)；主语谓语(及物动词)宾语；主语系动词表语；主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语；主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语；主语谓语(不及物动词)状语；主语谓语(及物动词)宾语状语；There be.句式一 主语谓语(不及物动词)该句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点为：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。How time主语flies谓语！时间过得真快呀！And
7、I主语 can play谓语 outside too!我也可以在外面玩耍。即学即练 1 单句写作(1)为了保持健康，我们应该定期锻炼。In order to keep healthy，.(2)火车已离开了。.(3)你必须快点起床去赶早班车。quickly to catch the early bus.we should exercise regularlyThe train had leftYou must get up句式二 主语谓语(及物动词)宾语在此句式中，谓语为及物动词。及物动词本身需要一个动作的承受者(即宾语)才可以表达完整的意思。作宾语的可以是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等
8、。Our school主语is going to hold谓语a spoken English match宾语.我们学校准备举行一场英语口语比赛。My friends and I主语have planted谓语many trees宾语.我朋友和我已经种了许多棵树。即学即练 2 单句写作(1)最后，我们应该经常参加运动和户外活动。In the end,.(2)最近几年，我们已经互相建立了良好的友谊。Over the years，with each other.(3)十二岁时，我得到了一辆漂亮的自行车作为生日礼物。At the age of twelve,.we should often take
9、 part in sports and outdoor activitieswe have developed a good friendshipI got a nice bike as a birthday gift句式三 主语连系动词表语该句式中，谓语动词不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语才能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫连系动词。The theme of the show主语 is 连系动词environmental protection表语.本次展出的主题是环境保护。This主语 is 连系动词surely a good chance for more p
10、eople to see 表语them.这对更多的人来说当然是一次欣赏它们的好机会。即学即练 3 单句写作(1)在我看来，一个没有朋友的人永远不会幸福。In my opinion，a person without friends.(2)总之，我的生活会越来越丰富多彩。In a word,.(3)总而言之，乡村生活对我们有利。In a word,to us.can never be happymy life will be much richer and more colorfulcountry life is good句式四 主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语该句式中的谓语动词必须跟两个宾语
11、才能表达完整的意思。一个是表示人的间接宾语；一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般间接宾语在前面，直接宾语在后面。At the same time,parents主语are giving谓语their children间接宾语too much 直接protection宾语 .同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。He主语 bought谓语his lovely son间接宾语a birthday present直接宾语.他给他可爱的儿子买了一件生日礼物。即学即练 4 单句写作(1)格林先生将就如何学好英语给我们作一场报告。on how to learn English well.(2)幸运的是，她答应再给我一个机
12、会。Luckily，.(3)祝你生日快乐。.Mr Green will give us a speechshe promised me another chanceI wish you a happy birthday句式五 主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾补(宾语补足语)本句式中的谓语动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分，如形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词等。I 主语would like to invite谓语you宾语to join us宾补 for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday.我
13、想邀请你下周六和我们一起去拜访附近的敬老院。Mike主语had asked谓语the young man宾语not to play the piano at midnight宾补.迈克已经请求这个年轻人不要在半夜弹钢琴。即学即练 5 单句写作(1)作为一名中学生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。As a high school student,.(2)老实说，我认为他是我最好的朋友。To be honest,.I consider English a very important subjectI consider him my best friend句式六 主语谓语(不及物动词)状语本句式中
14、的谓语动词是不及物动词，后可跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。The time主语passed谓语very quickly状语.时间过得很快。The little boy主语will cry谓语if he cant see his mother条件状语.这个小男孩看不到他的妈妈就会哭。即学即练 6(1)昨天他来晚了。.(2)他很快地站起来跑掉了。.He arrived late yesterdayHe stood up quickly and ran away句式七 主语谓语(及物动词)宾语状语He主语 settled谓语the problem宾语in an easy way状语.他用一种很
15、简单的方法解决了这个问题。I主语 would have谓语a face-to-face talk with my parents宾语in my free time状语.我有空会和我的父母进行一次面对面的交流。句式八 There be本句式中的 be 单复数要与最近的主语一致。There are many students in the playground.操场上有许多学生。There was a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支笔两本书。即学即练 7 完成句子(1)有一个年轻人在校门口等你。waiting for you at the school g
16、ate.(2)这个句子里有个拼写错误。in the sentence.There is a young manThere is a spelling mistake.按照要求，写出下列画线句子的成分1 have sold out.()2This kind of cloth washes.()3What you said just now made me.()4Could you give the letter？()5I hard to learn English well.()6Professor Smith,will return to his country tomorrow.()7As
17、far as I know,Mary is.()8He is a lady.()The theatre tickets主语well状语very happy宾补me宾语will study谓语our math teacher同位语a good student表语very kind定语.写出下列句子所属的类型1In other words,we are the master of our own future.2This morning our teacher told us something about the Hope Project in class.3An old man was wal
18、king slowly and carefully.答案：主语系动词表语答案：主语谓语(及物动词)间接宾语直接宾语答案：主语谓语(不及物动词)状语4Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.5Friends made my life full of excitement.6The sun was shining.答案：主语谓语(及物动词)宾语答案：主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语答案：主语谓语(及物动词)7The boss made him do the work day and night.8There are ten boys in the
19、classroom.答案：主语谓语(及物动词)宾语宾语补足语答案：There be.句型.按要求完成句子1现在在中学里课外活动正变得越来越普及。(主语系动词表语)Nowadays after-class activities in high schools.2我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语谓语宾语)We havent decided.3奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个非常有趣的故事。(主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语)Granny last night.are becoming more and more popularwhen to discuss the problem againtold me
20、a very interesting story4每天早上我们都能听到他大声朗读英语。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)Every morning we can hear him.5早睡早起是个好习惯。(主语系动词表语，动名词作主语)is a good habit.6最近 10 年，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。(主语谓语)in my hometown in the past ten years.read English aloudGoing to bed early and getting up earlyGreat changes have taken place7你会发现英语容易学。(主语谓语宾语宾语补足语)You will find.8我认为一切都会好起来。(主语系动词表语)I believe.English easy to learneverything will be all right