1、2012高考英语语法金点拨：名词性从句名词性从句:即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、引导名词性从句的连接词 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词：when, where, how, why whenever, wherever, however连接词whether, if“是否”不充当句子的任何成分。 that只能起连接主句和从句的作用，不充当从句的任何成分，无词义二、名词从句的分类1.主语从句 ：用作主语的从句叫主语从句That she like
2、s such kind of films is very interesting. Whether he will come remains a question. What she is doing is none of your business.Whoever comes will be welcome.Where he has been is still a puzzle.However you do it is all right with me.2.表语从句： 表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句的系动词之后The problem is that smokers cannot go w
3、ithout smoking. 问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。 The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。China is no longer what it used to be. 中国已不是从前那个样子了。This is where he has worked for years. 这就是他多年工作的地方。3.宾语从句：在句中可以作谓语动词或介词或某些形容词的宾语They know that the habit may kill them. They doubt whether or not Jack is a good
4、student. The teacher is satisfied with what she has said Im glad that I can go with you.4.同位语从句:同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、fact、demand、doubt、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。The news that we won the game is exciting.I ha
5、ve no idea when he will come back home. Word came that our football team had won the match. 三、名词性从句中应注意的点：主语从句:1.有时用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。常用句型如下：1.)It is +名词+ that.( 名词:a pity/ no wonder/a pleasure) eg.It is a pity that my new computer doesnt work. 2.) It is +形容词 + that.(形容词若是strange, nec
6、essary, important, natural.主语从句得用虚拟语气should + Veg. Its necessary that you complete the design before National Day. 3.) It is +过去分词+ that(常用动词:report, say, tell, believe, think.)eg.Its said that the sports meet will be put off. 4).It + 不及物动词 +that eg. Itoccurredtomethat I had told him the news. 我突然想起
7、来我已经告诉他这个消息了。2.使用主语从句应注意：1.)从句作主语，谓语常用单数，但以what开始的主语从句，如后面的表语为复数时，谓语也用复数。eg.What he wants to buy are three books and two ballpens.What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world2.)that 从句位于句首时，that绝对不能省略。That we are invited to the concert is good newws to us.3.It 作形式主语和引导强调句的比较 It 作形
8、式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是强调句子某一部分，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。eg. a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d)
9、 It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）宾语从句1.连接词that引导的宾语从句,若主句动词后有两个或以上的宾语从句，除第一个that外，其余均不可省。eg.I forgot (that)my papers was due on Tuesday and that my teacher had said he would not accept late papers. 2.在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后
10、，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。Eg. I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。3.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应1）当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。eg He studies English every day. （从句用一般现在时）eg. He studied English last term. （从句用一般过去时）eg. He know (that) he will study English next year. （从句用一般将来时）eg. He has studied En
11、glish since 1998. （从句用现在完成时）2）当主句动词是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。eg.The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America She told me that the earth turns around the sun.表语从句1.表语从句的表现形式除了用从属连词，连接代词和连接副词引导以外，还可用as, as if， as though Things were not as they seeme
12、d.It looks as if it is going to rain.2.另外还要注意以下常用的两种结构：The reason whyis that eg.The reason why he was fired is that he didnt work hard.That is because He was late for school yesterday. That is because he was ill. (because 说明理由) That is why. He was ill. That is why he was late for school.(前面说明理由，why引
13、导从句表结果) 同位语从句1.凡表示“请示、建议、命令”等动词的相应的名词引导的同位语从句，均用 (should) +V原形如：order, advice, suggestion, demand, proposal.eg. The suggestion that he (should)not go there is of great value. 2.同位语从句和定语从句的区别： 1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词
14、加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。eg.The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分） 四、名词性从句中应注意的其它情况：1.whether 与 if 的区别 1)在宾语从句中可互换eg.I dont k
15、now whether/if he will come this evening.2)在表语、同位语从句中只能用whetherThe question is whether the film is worth seeing.3)在主语从句中，只有用it 作形式主语时，whether,if都能引导主语从句，而if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，否则也只能用whetherWhether we shall attend the meeting hasnt been decided It is not sure if he will succeed.4)在介词后只用whetherI havent sett
16、led the question of whether Ill go back hpme.5)直接跟动词不定式时也只用whether .eg.He doesnt know whether to stay or not6)后面紧跟or not 只用whether。 eg. Whether you like it or not, you must do it well We didnt know whether or not she was ready. 7)某些动词后（discuss/depend）只用whether:eg.It all depends(on)whether they will
17、support usWe must discuss whether he will be allowed come here.2.名词性从句的语序: 不管什么词引导，从句的语序始终用陈述语序Eg .I dont know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。The question is why there is little rain here. 问题是这里为什么雨水少。 3.Who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别 一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”。 eg.Itisg
18、enerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhatever heorshewants. (这里的whatever表 泛指意义)无论孩子要什么就给他/她什么事不明智的Icantrememberatthemomentwhohassaidthewords.(这里的who表特定的某人) 4.that与what引导名词性从句的区别what用来引导各种名词性从句，并在从句中做主语、宾语或表语，意为“所的事或物”。 eg.What I need is more time. (what引导主语从句，并在从句中做need的宾语)The boy isnt what he used to be. (what引导表语从句，并在从句中做be的表语) I have no idea what has happened to her. (what引导同位语从句，并在从句中做主语)that 也可用来引导名词性从句，但 that本身无意义，也不在从句中做任何成分，仅仅起一个连接的作用。 eg.The teacher taught us that we should always do our best.