1、第一讲 名词等词法类错误 技法探究 素养提升考点1名词和冠词的误用典例1 2020全国卷 Luckily,I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.考场思维(1)语境含义：幸运的是，两周后我就要回家过暑假了。(2)根据语法知识分析：summer vacation“暑假”，是单数概念。(3)尝试解答：_vacationsvacation 典例2 2019全国卷Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.考场思维(1)语境含义：我的每个咖啡馆都有不同的主题和
2、独特的风格。(2)语法知识分析：读音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前用a。(3)尝试解答：_ana12020全国卷 My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families._22019全国卷I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city._32018全国卷When I was little，Fridays night was our family game night._familiesfamily citycitie
3、sFridaysFriday42020全国卷 For example,every morning,my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I have to eat an apple._52019全国卷 Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style._62017全国卷Around me in picture are the things which were very important in my life at that time:car magazine
4、s and musical instruments._theaana 在picture前加the或this1理清单复数使用情况单个东西和不可数的名词要用单数。多个可数的名词要用复数。2牢记雷打不动的十大不可数名词advice，news，information，progress，work，fun，weather，music，health，luck。3三类位置后常用名词冠词后常用名词。介词后常用名词。形容词性物主代词后常用名词。4关注冠词的考查重点a和an，表达数量，或者泛指任何一个。a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的词前。若对于某个名词有明指或暗示的
5、情况，前面要加the。若某名词是复数、专有名词或抽象名词、物质名词(没有固定性状)，前面不适合加冠词，应把该位置空下来，形成“零冠词”。固定搭配中的冠词需要牢记。考点2介词和数词典例1 2020全国卷 Im glad to know that youve come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.考场思维(1)语境含义：我很高兴知道你来中国，在我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。(2)搭配识记：come to地点名词，表示“来到某处”。(3)尝试解答：_ come 后加 to 典例2 2019全国卷Then,when I was in
6、the five grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher so much.考场思维(1)语境含义：那么，当我上五年级时，我想成为一名老师，因为我很喜欢我的英语老师。(2)搭配识记：“上五年级”有两种表达方式：in the fifth/5th grade或in Grade 5/Five。(3)尝试解答：_ fivefifth12019全国卷When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doct
7、or._22018全国卷They would say to me that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the game for them sometimes._32018全国卷I told my father that I planned to return for every two years，and he agreed._42017全国卷It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the r
8、oad._52017全国卷They have also bought for some gardening tools._在high前面加in/at forwith去掉for onof去掉for 62020河北省邯郸市高三第二次模拟I remember clearly that when I was on my eighteen birthday,my father gave me a presenta picture book._7I showed them I was independent by wearing strange clothes.Now I am leaving home
9、to college._82017全国卷In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday，I took driving lessons._eighteeneighteenthtofor eighteeneighteenth1关注介词遗漏不及物动词后需要加介词才能加宾语。作定语的不定式中动词如果是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词和代词是不定式动词的地点、工具等，不定式后要有相应的介词。2明辨介词多余及物动词后无需加介词再加宾语。this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等词构成的时间短语，前面不用
10、任何介词。3牢记相似介词的区别in、on、at的区别：表示时间时，in表示在一段时间里(在将来时句子中则表示在一段时间之后)，on表示在具体的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示具体的时刻。4识别序数词与基数词的混用和错用“只描述数量多少的”用基数词；“强调顺序性，作第几”讲的时候用序数词。5注意年龄、年代的表达法表达“在某人几十岁时”用“in ones逢十的基数词复数”；表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the逢十的基数词复数”。考点3谓语动词误用典例1 2020全国卷 Actually,I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old,bu
11、t I have long been out of practice.考场思维(1)根据观察可知，本句谓语动词时态错误。有when I was seven years old可确定该句谓语动词应该为过去时态。(2)尝试解答：_startstarted 典例2 2019全国卷One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.考场思维(1)
12、根据观察可知，第二句谓语动词时态错误。上文及该句整体行文都是过去时态，此处也是叙述过去发生的事情，所以应用过去时态。(2)尝试解答：_iswas12020河北衡水中学第三次联考I have learned to keep a good balance between work and study.I also get the award of Outstanding Student Leader last year._22019全国卷 Ive had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to open a cafe.Though it
13、 may appear simple，it required a lot of ideas and efforts._32018全国卷Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes._42018全国卷I didnt realize how right my parents are until I entered high school._getgot requiredrequiresunwilling 前加wasarewere52018全国卷It was Monday morning，and the writing class h
14、ad just begin._62017全国卷When summer came，they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables！_72017全国卷About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club._beginbeguncamecomestooktaken1识别时态不一致文章前后是现在时但却用了过去时，或前后都是过
15、去时却用了现在时，导致时态不一致。2判断并列不一致在平行或并列结构中，动词的形式通常是一致的。关键的问题是看and，or等后的动词与前面的哪个动词并列，一定要理解，辨别清楚。3留心语态错误构成被动语态的过去分词写成了一般过去式或现在分词。主动语态中却多了be以及be的变形，变成了被动语态。4注意主谓不一致情况主语是单数形式，谓语却采取复数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语却采取单数形式，导致主谓不一致的情况。5牢记情态动词用法情态动词后一定要接动词原形，但却用了过去式或其他形式。情态动词相互间的误用。考点4非谓语动词形式错误典例1 2020全国卷 I tell my mom that if were
16、forced eat things,we may become ill.考场思维(1)分析句子结构，寻找谓语动词：本句主句I tell my mom that.，that引导宾语从句，if引导条件状语从句，宾语从句的谓语动词为may become。(2)根据固定搭配解题：be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”。(3)尝试解答：_eat 前加 to 典例2 2019全国卷If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.考场思维(1)分析句子结构，寻找谓语动词：本句主句谓语动词为will open,条件状语从句谓语动词为succeed。(2)
17、根据固定搭配解题：succeed in doing sth.“成功做了某事”。(3)尝试解答：_managemanaging12018全国卷Everyone was silent，wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud._22018全国卷As a kid，I loved to watch cartoons，but no matter how many times I asked to watching them，my parents would not to let me._32018全国卷
18、Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity；others were nervous and anxious._42016全国卷I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.Now I am leaving home to college._waitwaitingwatchingwatch；去掉let前的toeager后加to wearwearing；tofor52020齐齐哈尔二模With time go by，I am Senior t
19、hree now._62020寿光二模Have a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying._72020安徽省合肥市高三第三次质量检测Also,we should attempt to passing our fine culture down from generation to generation._8Beside me there was a woman hold a little boy in her arms._gogoing HaveHavingpassingpassholdholding1理清to的两种命题方式多
20、余：感官动词和使役动词(get除外)后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。缺失：有些动词，如want,decide,plan等后应接带to的不定式作宾语。2辨清非谓语动词与谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，且另一动词不作并列谓语，则只能用非谓语动词。3搞清动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式的区别动词-ing形式表主动、进行；动词-ed形式表被动、完成；动词-ing形式转化的形容词表示“令人的”，常修饰物；而动词-ed形式转化的形容词表示“感到的”，常修饰人。4掌握介词标志介词后一般需要跟名词或动词-ing形式。5注意主语或宾语形式主语或宾语常常使用动词-ing形式或不定式。6明晰介词to与不定式符号to的用
21、法区别介词to后接名词、代词或数词，构成介词短语；不定式符号to后接动词原形，构成不定式短语。考点5形容词和副词误用典例1 2020全国卷 Im glad to know that youve come to China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.Im surely youll have a good time.考场思维(1)语境含义：我确信你会玩得很开心的。(2)语境分析：系动词be后跟形容词作表语。(3)尝试解答：_surelysure 典例2 2019全国卷I wanted to be a fireman,whose unif
22、orm looked so coolly.考场思维(1)语境含义：我想成为一名消防员，消防员的制服看起来很酷。(2)语境分析：连系动词look后跟形容词作表语。(3)尝试解答：_coollycool12019全国卷 One was that I was amazed at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor._22019全国卷 What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one._32017全国卷
23、They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together._42017全国卷Beside，they often get some useful information from the Internet._去掉more ordinarilyordinaryearlierearlyBesideBesides52020福州市第三次质量检测The simple,homemade dishes tasted delicious than anything cooked by a top chef._6At one time,I even f
24、elt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them._7They were also the best and worse years in my life._delicious前加more freelyfreeworseworst1明辨词性误用副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中作状语。2理清比较级、最高级的误用原级和比较级混用。比较级和最高级混用。在本身已是比较级形式的基础上误加more。在没有最高级的词前误加most。3关注形近词误用hard意为“刻苦地，猛烈地”；hardly意为
25、“几乎不，几乎没有”；beside意为“在旁边”；besides意为“另外”。4看清重点连接副词误用however主要用于转折或对比，意思是“然而，可是，但是”；therefore主要表示结果，意思是“因此，所以”。考场练兵 检验考试能力Test 12020成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测 I used to be selfish and only thought of myself.Yet my neighbour was having so much funny with volunteering.He told me that it felt extremely well.I was insp
26、ired by him and decided to have try.I hoped to get the same result,for my self-respect is unbelievably low and I felt worth.We have volunteered for more than two years so far.By volunteering I have been changed my view on myself and this world.When I helped others,I felt need in society.Not only did
27、 it build up my confidence,it let others benefited as well.Undoubtedly,volunteering is a great opportunities to improve the whole society.答案与解析：I used to be selfish and only thought of myself.Yet my neighbour was having so much funnyfun with volunteering.He told me that it felt extremely wellgood.I
28、was inspired by him and decided to have a try.I hoped to get the same result,for my self-respect iswas unbelievably low and I felt worthworthless.WeI have volunteered for more than two years so far.By volunteering I have beenchanged my view on myself and this world.When I helped others,I felt needne
29、eded in society.Not only did it build up my confidence,it let others benefitedbenefit as well.Undoubtedly,volunteering is a great opportunitiesopportunity to improve the whole society.funny改为fun 名词和形容词混用。分析句子结构可知，此处作having的宾语，且由much修饰，应用不可数名词，故将funny改为fun。well改为good 形容词误用。feel在这里为系动词，后接形容词作表语；well作形
30、容词时，意为“健康；身体好；状态良好”，与句意不符，故将其改为good，表示“令人愉快的，令人满意的”，符合句意。try前加a 冠词漏用。have a try意为“尝试”，为固定用法。is改为was 时态误用。根据本句中的“hoped”以及文章的整体叙述可知，这里叙述的是发生在过去的事情，故要用一般过去时。worth改为worthless 形容词误用。根据本句中的“unbelievably low”可知，“我”的自尊心极低，因而“我”应是感到自己没有价值，故改为worthless。We改为I 代词误用。本文讲述的是个人经历，且上文中用的是第一人称I，故此处也要改为I，以保持文中前后人称的一致。
31、删除changed前的been 语态误用。此处表示“我”已经改变了对自己和这个世界的看法，故要用主动语态，故删除been。need改为needed 动词形式误用。此处表示当“我”帮助他人的时候，“我”感到自己在社会中被需要，故应用过去分词needed。benefited改为 benefit 动词形式误用。let后接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故此处将benefited改为benefit，表示“它也让其他人受益”。opportunities改为opportunity 名词单复数误用。根据本句中的冠词a以及句意可知，此处表示“一个很好的机会”，要用可数名词的单数形式，故用opportunit
32、y。Test 22020长沙市高三统一模拟 Im so sorry to hear that you have been suffering from sleepless for a long time.To help your recover soon,Id like to advise you to turn to traditional Chinese medicine.As is known to us all,traditional Chinese medicine ispractical but effective when using to treat some diseases
33、.Compared with the high cost of western medicine,it has a reasonable price,so you dont need to be worried your budget.Additional,unlike western medicine,traditional Chinese medicine has more side effects.Therefore,if you agreed,Id like to recommend a doctor to you,which Im sure will offer you an ide
34、al treatment.Please dont hesitate to ask me for help whenever do you think its necessary.I hope youll have a speedy recovery.答案与解析：Im so sorry to hear that you have been suffering from sleeplesssleeplessness for a long time.To help youryou recover soon,Id like to advise you to turn to traditional Ch
35、inese medicine.As is known to us all,traditional Chinese medicine is practical butand effective when usingused to treat some diseases.Compared with the high cost of western medicine,it has a reasonable price,so you dont need to be worried about your budget.AdditionalAdditionally，unlike western medic
36、ine,traditional Chinese medicine has morefewer/few side effects.Therefore,if you agreedagree，Id like to recommend a doctor to you,whichwho Im sure will offer you an ideal treatment.Please dont hesitate to ask me for help whenever doyou think its necessary.I hope youll have a speedy recovery.sleeples
37、s改为 sleeplessness 形容词和名词混用。介词后接名词，故from后应用名词形式sleeplessness。your改为you 人称代词误用。help sb.do sth.为固定用法，该处作及物动词help的宾语，故用宾格you。but改为and 连词误用。此处表示中医在治疗某些疾病上是实用和有效的。形容词practical和effective是逻辑上的并列关系，故用连词and。using改为used 动词形式误用。该句主语traditional Chinese medicine和动词use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用use的过去分词形式。worried后加about 介词漏用。此
38、处考查固定用法be worried about sth.“担心”。Additional改为Additionally 形容词和副词混用。该词修饰整个句子，作状语，故应用副词形式。more改为fewer/few 形容词误用。根据常识和下文表述的作者要推荐一名中医可知，此处表示中药有较少的副作用或者表示中药的副作用少，故改为fewer/few。agreed改为agree 时态误用。此处为if引导的条件状语从句，主句带有情态动词would，从句应用一般现在时。which改为who 关系代词误用。分析该句结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，又先行词为a doctor，故which改为who。删除whenever后的do 助动词多用。分析该句结构可知，whenever引导让步状语从句，主语为you，谓语动词为think，故do多余，应删除。
