1、 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的成分被称为定语，根据定语出现在名词或代词前后的位置可以将其分为前置定语和后置定语。如在a developing country和a girl in red中，developing和in red分别是前置定语和后置定语。一般而言，前置定语经常由单个词充当，而后置定语则由短语或句子充当，当一个句子充当定语修饰前面的名词或代词时，就被称为定语从句。【观察与翻译】 观察下列例句划线部分的语法成分及组成规律，并试着翻译句子。1. The boy who is reading a book over there is my friend.译为：_1. 2. All that g
2、litters is not gold.译为：_2. 上述两个例句中划线部分均为定语从句，分别修饰前面的名词the boy和代词all，这两个词被称为先行词。 定语从句中有两个关键概念：先行词和关系词（关系代词或关系副词）。在上面两个例句中引导定语从句的who和that属于关系代词，本单元我们先来学习关系代、副词引导的定语从句。1. 关系代词/副词关系代词/副词在从句中的成分所指代的先行词例 句who /whom主语/宾语（可省）指人He who laughs last laughs best.This is the boy (whom /who) you saw yesterday.whic
3、h主语/宾语（可省）指物/事A thing which was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember.that主语/宾语（可省）指物/事The panda that is chosen Dragon Warrior is big and fat.指人They that know nothing fear nothing.whose定语（某的）指人Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.指物/事The book whose cover is blue is
4、 mine.when时间状语时间Ill never forget the day when the earthquake happened.where地点状语地点This is the place where we first met.why原因状语原因The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus.【即学即练】I. 根据所给汉语提示，用定语从句完成下列句子。1. This is the best film _ (我看过的).2. He has a daughter _ (在医院工作的).3. The tree _ (叶子变红了的)
5、is an old one.2只用that不用which的情况 当先行词是1）不定代词all, everything, anything, nothing, something, much, little, few, none, the one等时e.g. You can take any seat that is free. We should do all that is useful to the people.2）被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时；e.g. It is the only thing that we can do.3）
6、是或被序数词the first /second /third所修饰时； e.g. This is the first place that I want to visit.4）被形容词最高级所修饰时； e.g. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.5）同时指人和事/物时； e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.6）主句以there be 开头时 e.g. There is the matter that I can
7、do.3只用which不用that的情况 1）介词后 2）逗号后，即非限定性定语从句中 3）句中已经有that的时候e.g. That which is evil is soon learnt. 学坏容易。4whose = the +名词+ of + which/whom 指“某人/物的” when = at /in /on 等介词+which where =at /in /on /from /to等介词+which why =介词for + whichI. English proverbs1. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。2. Th
8、ose who live in glass houses should not throw stones.家居玻璃房，切忌乱扔石。（自己有弱点，勿揭他人短。）3. When in Rome do as the Romans do.（入乡随俗）4. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。5. He who has a lazy hand has an empty mouth.手懒饿肚皮。6. He that loses his honesty has nothing失去诚实就失去了一切7. God help
9、s those who help themselves.自助者天助。8. He who does not advance loses ground. (=anyone who does not advance loses ground.)逆水行舟，不进则退。9. He who laughs on Friday will weep on Sunday. 乐极必生悲。10. They who cannot do as they would must do as they can. 事不由己，也需努力。定语从句练习一、选择题1. Do you know the girl _ is talking w
10、ith your mother?A. who B. which C. whose D. / 2. This is the kite _ Billy Fisher gave to TomA. who B. which C. / D. Both B and C 3. He was the only one _ was saved in the earthquake. A. who B. that C. which D. A and B 4. This is the only present _ I like. A. who B. that C. which D. B and C5. This is
11、 the most beautiful place _ I have ever seen. A. which B. who C. where D. / 6. All _ I can do is to give him some money. A. that B. which C. who D. what 7. Is there anything else _ you need? A. which B. that C. who D. what 8. The museum _ we visited last week isnt far from here. A. where B. which C.
12、 what D. who 9. Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? A. which B. who C. what D. / 10. Most of the people _ lost their lives in the earthquake are Sichuan natives. A. when B. who C. how D. which 11. Do you think most students prefer tests _ have easy questions? A. who B. where C. when
13、 D. that 12. My mum prefers music _ quiet and gentle. A. that are B. that is C. which has D. whose is 13. The boy _ you saw just now is Toms brother. A. which B. whose C. when D. / 14. The bike and its rider _ had run over an old woman were helped up by the policeman. A. whichB. thatC. itD. whom15.
14、She was becoming fat, _ bothered her very much. A. whichB. thatC. itD. of whom16. The Amazon(亚马逊河), _ lies in the Andes(安第斯山脉) is the worlds longest river. A. its sourceB. which sourceC. whose sourceD. the source of it17. The reason _ I cant come is _ I have to work late. A. for, whyB. why, becauseC
15、. because, thatD. why, that18. Who is that man _ is telling the children a story? A. whoB. whomC. thatD. whoever19. She tells us that Lao Wang is a person _ we can learn a lot. A. whomB. thatC. from whomD. about whom20. Is this the factory _ you worked five years ago? A. in whichB. in whereC. in tha
16、tD. that二、用适当的关系代词填空1. Do you like the present _ I bought you yesterday?2. The storybook _ was written by his uncle is quite interesting.3. The boy _ computer doesnt work well needs your help.4. This is the best movie _ we have seen this year.5. The doctor _ we met in the street is from America.6. T
17、he passengers and the suitcases _ were in the waiting room had to wait for another plane.7. Who is the girl _ you want to make friends with?8. This is the last lesson _ Mr. Smith taught us.9. I, _ am your friend, will help you out.10. The building _ wall is white is my uncles house.11. The boy _ Joh
18、n spoke with is my brother.12. Will you please lend me the very picture _ you bought yesterday?13. The students _ the teacher praised at the class meeting is our monitor.14. The season _ comes after spring is summer.15. This is the first museum _ we visited last Saturday.16. The girl _ leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to the hospital.17. I found some photos of interesting places _ were not far away from our city.18. There is a boy downstairs _ want to see you.19. The river _ banks are covered with trees is very long.20. Im going to meet Tom _ they say is a good boy.
