1、新知导引诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性1(教材 P62)There are many reasons why this has been possible,but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.2(教材 P62)Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.3(教材 P64)I
2、 told my mum that I wanted to give up,and that I would never live in a country where German was spoken.4(教材 P64)I finally understood the reason why my mum had encouraged me not to give up.5(教材 P68)Then I saw an advertisement that offered a wonderful summer course,and that was the day when I decided
3、to take on a new language.6The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.共性呈现1所有画线部分都是关系副词引导的定语从句。2关系副词 when 在定语从句中作时间状语(第 5、6 句)。3关系副词 where 在定语从句中作地点状语(第 2、3 句)。4关系副词 why 在定语从句中作原因状语(第 1、4 句)。语法精释一、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的指代及功能关系副词先行词功能when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why r
4、eason原因状语 1.关系副词 when 引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first went to the Great Wall.我还记得我第一次去长城的那一天。The day when we get together will come soon.我们重聚的日子很快就会来的。We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing.我们将永远不会忘记第 29 届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。名师
5、点津 若时间名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用 which 或 that 引导。Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that 或 which作 spent 的宾语)2关系副词 where 引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我 10 年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。He is now
6、 working in the factory where his father worked.现在他正在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。名师点津 若地点名词后面的定语从句的引导词在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用 which 或 that。The school(which/that)we visited yesterday is newly built.我们昨天参观的那所学校是新建的。(关系代词 which/that 在从句中作宾语)3关系副词 why 引导定语从句时，先行词常常为 reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。The reason why he succeeded in the exam
7、is that he studied very hard.他考试成功的原因是他学习很认真。Can you tell me the reason why you didnt come to his birthday party?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？名师点津 reason 后的定语从句的引导词若在从句中作主语或宾语，则改用 which 或 that。I dont know the reason why he didnt turn to his good friend for help yesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why 作原因状语)I wont
8、 listen to the reason that/which you have given us.我坚决不听你提供给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用 which/that，不用 why)即学即练 1 对比填空：that,which,when,where,why(1)I will never forget the days _ we spent together.(2)I will never forget the days _ we stayed together.(3)The reason _ he explained at the meeting was not sound
9、.(4)The reason _ he was late was that he missed his train.(5)Keep the book in a place _ you can find it easily.(6)This is the house _ was built by my grandfather forty years ago.that/whichwhenthat/whichwhywherewhich/that二、关系代词作介词的宾语关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系
10、代词可用 which，whom 或 whose。1介词的选用“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.这就是和我爸爸一起工作了 10 年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配确定)名师点津(1)某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词关系代词”可以同关系副词 when、w
11、here 和 why 互换。I still remember the time when(in which)I was in college.我仍然记得我上大学的那段时光。This is the hotel where(in which)they stayed.这就是他们待过的旅馆。This is the reason why(for which)he left in a hurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。(2)有些“动词介词”短语，如 look for，look after，send for，call on，come across，long for 等，不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。Th
12、e doctor that you sent for has not come.你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。2关系代词的选择“介词关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用 whom，不可用 who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用 which，不能用 that。This is the student for whom I bought a book.这就是我给其买书的那个学生。This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。3“名词/数词/代词等介词 of关系代词”结构
13、。有时“介词关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。The river,the banks of which are covered with trees,flows to the sea.这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。He has three sons,two of whom are teachers.他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。Maria has written two novels,both of which have been made into television series.玛丽亚已经写了两部小说，这两部都被拍成了电视剧。即学即练 2 单句语法
14、填空(1)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _ has been proved.(2)My computer,without _ I cant surf the Internet,broke down yesterday.(3)The girl to _ you talked just now is our English teacher.(4)I have about 10 books,half of _ were written by Mo Yan.whichwhi
15、chwhomwhich.单句语法填空1The reason _ she changed her mind is quite clear.2The days _ they travelled together meant a lot to him.3I saw a house,the windows of _ were broken.4She has two sons,both of _ graduated from Harvard University.5Nobody knows the reason for _ she didnt attend the meeting.6We went th
16、rough a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.why/for whichwhenwhichwhomwhichwhen7The children,all of _ had played the whole day long,were worn out.8We visited the car factory _ my uncle once worked three years ago.9This is the factory _ I visited last year.10The old man has
17、 two sons,and both of _ are lawyers.whomwherethat/whichthem.句型转换1We settled down in a small village.In front of the village ran a winding river.We settled down in a small village _ ran a winding river.2She has three sons.All of her sons are abroad now.She has three sons and _ are abroad now.She has
18、three sons,_ are abroad now.3There are sixty students in our class.Thirty of the students in our class are girls.There are sixty students in our class,_ are girls.in front of whichall of themall of whomthirty of whom4The school lies in the east of the town.He once studied in the school.The school _
19、he once studied lies in the east of the town.5Do you remember the days？On those days we played together.Do you remember the days _ we played together?wherewhen.补全句子1The reason _ was that he was ill in bed.他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。2We are living in an age _ on computer.我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。3 After graduation
20、he returned to the small town _.毕业以后，他回到那个他长大的小镇上。4I dont like the way _.我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。why he could not go therewhen many things are donewhere/in which he grew up(that/in which)you speak to your parents5The house _ in the terrible fire has been repaired.那间在大火中被毁坏的屋子已经被重新修好了。6Ill never forget the days_.我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。7We made a survey among the students,_ Lee their monitor.我们在学生中进行了一次调查，78%的学生投票支持 Lee 来当班长。8He is one of my old schoolmates,_ the other day in the street.他是我的一个老同学，我前几天在街上偶然遇见了(come across)他。which was destroyedwhen I worked together with you78%of whom votewho I came across