1、2012高考英语备考易错点睛系列7选5阅读理解（学生版）考前必读2008年宁夏推出了阅读理解新题型,2009年辽宁省也选用了这一题型,如果希望明确、深刻地理解一篇文章,必须对文章的结构有所了解,把握住全篇的文脉,即句与句.段与段之间的逻辑关系.是普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（宁夏卷)说明中的要求.阅读填空题就很好地体现了这一要求。2010年北京市高考试卷的明显变化是:阅读理解由原来的5篇文章共20道题变成了4篇文章共15道题+阅读新题型.阅读新题型占到了10分,这些都表明任务型阅读的优势在吸引更多的省市尝试,而各省的新型阅读理解也各有所长.如果说通常意义上的高考英语完形填空题是词法和句法范围内
2、的考察，是语言表达的基本单位,属于语言的组织规律,那么阅读填空题就是章法范围内的考查,是语言使用的范畴,属于言语的组织规律,简单地说,前者侧重语言的结构-语法,而后者侧重语言的使用-章法.易错点睛3凸显构成语段的方式一是靠句际间意义的结合,二是靠句际间的关联词,逻辑性插入语来连接,我们在分析语段层次时,可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断,但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系,把握作者的思路,从语序上去发现断续点,理清层次,好文章的层次非矴逦?只有层层入手,才能真正理解文章.步骤二：详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段
3、落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。步骤三：定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。来源:一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文
4、章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其它选项。步骤四：通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。 在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选
5、项。步骤五：确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。在检查后，应再次查看所排除选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成易混选项误选。跟踪练习： （2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Newspaper articles today are shorter and the headlines are bigger. Most people dont have enough time to read the articles, so they only read the headlines. O
6、n TV and the radio, newsreaders speak more quickly than ten years ago. In the USA, there is a book called One-Minute Bedtime Stories for children. These are shorter versions（版本）of traditional stories, specially written for “busy parents” who want to save time! Some answer phones now have “quick play
7、back” buttons so that we can replay peoples messages faster we cant waste time listening to people speaking at the normal speed! 74 Ten years ago when people went to art galleries they spent seconds looking at each picture. Today they spend just three seconds! Nowadays, many people prefer faster and
8、 dynamic sports like basketball.北京市东城区2012届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Some experts feel that the automobile is to “die”. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to become rotten iron and steel rubbish. 71 They think
9、 that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the near future. 72 It should become smaller, safer, and more money-saving, and should not be powered by the petrol engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types. Regardless of its power source, the aut
10、o in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic jam. 73 When the auto enters the freeway system, a retractable arm, which can be moved inwards or backwards, will drop from the auto and touch a rail that is similar to the subway trains electrically powered from the system, and control
11、 of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. 74 The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the freeway. 75 It is guessed that an automat
12、ed freeway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day freeway.（北京市西城区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Pleasing Sound of a Rainstick来源:A stick is a long tube that is hollow, with small
13、 sticks or other materials pushed inside so that it has a somewhat smooth surface on the outside, but small barriers inside. These can be in a lined pattern, for a specific sound, or placed at random for a more varied effect. It is then filled with a variety of different things, like small stones, o
14、r beads（珠子）, or even rice, and the ends are capped to provide a seal. 71 The origins of rainsticks are not really known and so the stories are quite varied. Some people say that the ancient people of Chile created rainsticks from dried cactus（仙人掌）, with the sharp points taken off, pushed back inside
15、 and then filled with small stones. 72 The Deaguita Indians survive even today, and they are still using them in many of their rain ceremonies. They also make them as musical instruments. AYou can even make your own rainsticks, and they are often part of school projects where they are used to help c
16、hildren learn the history of Indian people. BWhen turned upside down, these materials fall down through the tube, bouncing off of the barriers to produce a calming rain-like sound. CThese were then capped with pieces of wood on the ends and used in ceremonies to bring rain to their crops. DOne end i
17、s capped off with poster board and filled with rice or beans, and then the other end is sealed. EYou can get different rain sounds, depending on how fast you turn the rainstick itself. FThis rainstick can never be opened according to the scared writings of the ancients.GThey can be three feet or lon
18、ger depending on what the tube itself is made from. （河北省普通高中2012届高三教学质量监测英语） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 shows signs of having a severe allergic reaction has been stung by several insects at the same time has been stung in the mouth or throat, where the swelling can interfere with brea
19、thing Medicines 74 A cream or ointment containing hydrocortisone（氢化可的松）can help reduce swelling and inflammation. You can buy low-dose hydrocortisone cream over the counter but dont use it on children under 10, or on your face or on broken or infected skin. Over-the-counter painkillers such as parac
20、etamol（醋氨酚）can relieve some of the discomfort. Always ask your doctor for advice and read the patient information that comes with your medicine. Prevention of bites and stings You can reduce your risk of insect bites and stings by: Wearing insect repellent 75 Wearing long sleeves and trousers if out
21、 in the evening Keeping picnic foods covered up as much as possible sweet foods and drinks attract insects. （河南省洛阳市2012届高中三年级统一考试英语） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Most people would agree teens today have more choices than ever before. To avoid burnout, teens should pick and choose carefu
22、lly. 71 Joining a local community（社区）club is an easy way to get involved and have some fun without a lot of stress. 1Libraries Keep an open mind on this one, because libraries have evolved a lot over the past decade. 72 Todays libraries are full of magazines, music, DVDs, graphic novels, even games,
23、 and young adult librarians are dedicated to setting up activities that teens will enjoy. 2Leisure（休闲）Centres Leisure centres can sometimes seem like the home of old age people and tiny kids. 73 Swimming clubs, teen fitness clubs and classes and community sports clubs such as tennis, football and ev
24、en gymnastics are often held at leisure centres. 3 74 （山西省2012届高三年级四校联考试题英语） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people, and to develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education
25、 allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in traditional classrooms. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. 71 They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about thes
26、e things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom. AMany teachers do not believe in open education. BOpen education. is better than traditional education. CBut many students will not do well in an open classroom DSome students will be happier in an open education school. EThe teachers feeling and attitudes are important to the students. FIn fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school.GFor many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom.