1、温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 4Body languageLearning about Language语法精讲探究学习动词-ing形式作定语和状语观察上面对话, 并类比填空: When he saw the chance, he began to take action. Seeing the chance, he began to take action. 动词-ing形式可以在句中起修饰、限定名词以及动词的作用, 所以可以作定语和状语。一、动词-ing形式和作用1. 动词-ing形式的
2、基本形式如下: 主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done2. 动词-ing形式在句中可以作主语、定语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。*Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. 早睡早起被认为是一种好习惯。*The promising future is more encouraging than ever before. 未来充满希望, 前所未有地鼓舞人心。*Keep quiet. Dont wake up the s
3、leeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。动词-ing形式的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生, 而动词-ing形式的完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。语法填空。(1)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary. (2)Having worked (work) for three hours, he took a rest. (3)Having lived (live) in Beijing for years, I
4、 almost know every place quite well. (4)Having spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel. (5)Seeing (see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note. 二、动词-ing形式作定语*The firefighters dashed into the burning woods to save people trapped in it. (前置定语)消防队员冲进了正在燃烧的丛林, 去
5、营救被困人员。*The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. (后置定语)站在那里的那个男孩是我的一个同班同学。*The building being built over there is our library. (后置定语, 强调“正在被建”)那里正在建造的大楼是我们的图书馆。如果一个及物动词作定语, 既要表达进行意味, 又要表达被动意味时, 可用现在分词的被动语态。语法填空。(1)A little child learning (learn) to walk often falls. (2)I cant stand the old man
6、 talking(talk)so loudly in the library. (3)Ladies and gentlemen, please go and wait in the meeting (meet)room. 三、动词-ing形式作状语1. 作时间状语。*Hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing. =When he heard the news, he couldnt help laughing. 一听到那个消息, 他禁不住大笑起来。2. 作原因状语。*Not knowing her address, I had better telep
7、hone her to come over. =As I dont know her address, I had better telephone her to come over. 由于不知道她的地址, 我还是打电话让她过来为好。3. 作条件状语。*Working hard, youll surely succeed. =If you work hard, youll surely succeed. 如果努力工作, 你就一定会成功。4. 作结果状语。*The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. =The ch
8、ild slipped and fell, and hit his head against the door. 那男孩滑了一跤, 头撞到了门上。5. 作让步状语。*Having been told many times, he still didnt learn these rules by heart. =Although he had been told many times, he still didnt learn these rules by heart. 尽管被告知了很多次, 他还是没把这些规定记住。6. 作伴随状语。*Morris lay on the grass, stari
9、ng at the sky for a long time. =Morris lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time. 莫里斯躺在草地上, 长时间地望着天空。*The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branches. =The boy sat in front of the farm-house, and cut the branches. 那个男孩坐在农舍前砍树枝。7. 作方式状语。*He came running back to tell me the n
10、ews. 他跑回来告诉我这个消息。动词-ing形式作状语时, 相当于与之对应的状语从句, 现在分词的逻辑主语一定和句子的主语保持一致。句型转换(用非谓语动词改写句子)。(1)It rained heavily and it caused great damage. It rained heavily, causing great damage. (2)After he had eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out. Having eaten his dinner, the boy rushed out. (3)All night long he lay aw
11、ake and he thought of the problem. All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 8. 动词-ing形式作状语需注意的问题。独立主格。动词-ing形式作状语, 有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语, 这种结构称为独立主格结构, 通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况, 也可以表示时间、原因或条件等。*The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利, 他或许能成功。*The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开
12、完会后我们都回家了。*There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车, 我们只好走回家。*It being Sunday , they had no classes. 由于是星期天, 他们不用上课。 评论性状语/悬垂分词。有些动词-ing形式作状语, 在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在, 用来修饰主句, 表明说话者的态度、观点等, 被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。常见的有generally/strictly/frankly speaking, judging from, considering, supposing, providing等。*Gen
13、erally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys. 一般来说, 女孩比男孩对文学更感兴趣。语法填空。(1)A new technique having been worked (work) out, the yields as a whole increased by 20 percent. (2)There are various kinds of metals, each having (have) its own properties. (3)Walter offered us a lift when h
14、e was leaving the office, but our work not being finished (finish), we declined the offer. (4)Generally speaking (speak), men can run faster than women. 课时检测素养达标. 单句语法填空1. He often carefully watched the doctors in the operating (operate) room. 2. Not realizing (realize) that he had hurt Shirley, Jor
15、dan continued to shout at her. 3. Those students hoping (hope) to enter that university should work really hard. 4. Being (be) more careful, you can make fewer mistakes. 5. Do you remember the name of the girl sitting (sit) next to you in the old photo?6. Tom received a phone call from his mother sa
16、ying (say) that she would visit him this weekend. 7. The boy wearing (wear) a sad look said, “I cant find my parents. ”8. The children rushed out of the classroom, talking (talk) about something happily. 9. With the rapid development of China, the number of foreigners learning (learn) Chinese is gro
17、wing all the time. . 用-ing形式改写下列句子1. The man who is speaking to the teacher is his father. The man speaking to the teacher is his father. 2. In the years that followed, he worked even harder. In the following years, he worked even harder. 3. While he was waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China
18、Daily. While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily. 4. Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. 5. If you use your head, you will find a way. Using your head, you will find a way. 6. The fire lasted ne
19、arly a month, and left nothing valuable. The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. 7. Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage. Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. . 完成句子1. Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy. 被领着参观了工厂后, 他们很高兴
20、。2. Respecting his father, he didnt want to argue with him. 因为尊重他的父亲, 所以他不想和他争论。3. He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold. 被雨淋后他感冒了。4. Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. 玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。5. Having lived in the village for years, I know everyone quite well. 因为在
21、这个村里住了很多年, 所以我熟悉每个人。使用本单元所学词汇及语法知识翻译下列语段今天早上, 我走在路上, 看到两个旅游者在看地图。他们看起来像是迷路了。我走上前去, 询问他们是否需要帮助。他们说要去天坛。我把他们带到车站, 告诉他们坐20路车。他们非常感谢我。不久, 车来了。我们挥手告别。看着他们上了车, 我感到很欣慰。This morning, walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map. It seemed that they were lost. I went up to them, asking
22、whether they needed any help. They told me they were looking for the Temple of Heaven. Leading them to the nearby bus stop, I advised them to take Bus No. 20. They appreciated my help very much. Before long, the bus came. We waved goodbye to each other. Seeing them on the bus, I felt a kind of satis
23、faction. 课时素养评价十一Unit 4Learning about Language. 单句语法填空1. Having selected (select) the proper present, they sent it to their respectable professor. 2. Not knowing (know) what to do, the children had to wait for their parents to come back. 3. Hearing (hear) the signal, people ran out of the building.
24、4. Judging (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon. 5. The decision having been made (make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out. 6. Working (work) harder at English, youll make greater progress. 7. When exploring the cave, they found a valu
25、able mineral. 8. It being (be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercises. 9. Looking (look) out through the window, we saw beautiful scenery. 10. The case shocked the public, causing (cause) a hot debate over human nature on the Internet. . 完成句子1. Personally speaking, Im satis
26、fied with your performance. 就个人而言, 我满意你的表现。2. The film star intended to leave quickly, only to be surrounded by his fans. 这位影星想迅速离开, 却被他的粉丝包围了。3. Football is played all over the world, making it a popular sport. 全世界都踢足球, 因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。4. There being no customers, they closed the store. 因为没有顾客, 他们关
27、了店门。5. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word. 我站在门旁, 不敢说一句话。6. Having tried many times (=Though he had tried many times), he still couldnt succeed. 尽管尝试了多次, 但他仍未成功。7. Setting off earlier/If setting off earlier (=If you set off earlier), youll get to the town at dusk. 如果早点儿出发的话, 你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇
28、。8. Having apologized to his teacher for his rude manners (=After he had apologized to his teacher for his rude manners), he made a promise that he wouldnt make the same mistake. 因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师道歉后, 他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。. 阅读理解(2020吉林高一检测)There is a large percentage of Asian people in the US. Theyre hard work
29、ing, respectful but strange sometimes. If you dont understand the culture, you will get some problems with them. Asian people are different from any other cultures if you think you know them, you might want to think again. How are they different? When it comes to most Asian culture, respect is every
30、thing. You can do anything you want but dont disrespect an Asian man. You will get some real consequences afterward and especially if he is your boss. Its something called face saving in the Asian culture. Its ridiculous sometimes but its their culture. Sometimes their culture can come in between th
31、eir relationship at work. Asian people might expect a lot of respect from their co-workers when their co-workers just see them as an equal. Americans are very different from Asian people. If youre Asian, you might want to understand the American culture and even adapt to their culture if you work wi
32、th them. It will be easier for you since youre in their countries. Imagine an American working in China, expecting Chinese co-workers to get along with him when he criticizes them straight out on every single matter in front of everyone. I think they will take him outside and take care of him. It ju
33、st doesnt work that way with Asian people. If youre an American boss giving your Asian employee a review, you will see that they will have a problem with your negative remarks. They will think that you dont like them, disrespectful, and want to get rid of them; when in fact, youre just doing your jo
34、b. You just encourage them to do their work better. Of course, its not fair for you as an American boss but just expect that it can be something that is on your Asian employees mind. 【文章大意】本文主要讲了亚洲人的文化与其他文化的不同之处。1. The Americans cant get along well with the Asians probably because _. A. their cultur
35、es are differentB. they dont like each otherC. both of them are too proudD. they have different political views【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第一段If you dont understand the culture, you will get some problems with them. Asian people are different from any other cultures if you think you know them, you might want to
36、think again. 可知, 因为亚洲文化和其他文化差别很大, 所以如果你不了解亚洲文化, 你可能就很难与亚洲人相处。2. The underlined phrase “face saving” in Paragraph 2 probably means _. A. saving some money for later useB. making faces to please your bossC. showing some respect to somebodyD. helping somebody out of trouble【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段When it com
37、es to most Asian culture, respect is everything. You can do anything you want but dont disrespect an Asian man. 可知, 对于大多数亚洲文化来说, 尊重就是一切。你可以做任何你想做的事, 但要尊重亚洲人。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出, “face saving”一词是“尊敬”的意思。3. From the third paragraph we can know that it is difficult _. A. for the Asians to accept the cultur
38、e in AmericaB. for the Americans to adapt to the culture in ChinaC. for people to learn the culture in a foreign countryD. for people to follow the culture in their own country【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 美国人直截了当的思维方式在亚洲人眼里是行不通的, 所以美国人要想适应亚洲文化是很困难的。4. The negative remarks an American boss gives on your wor
39、k probably mean he/she _. A. doesnt like you any longerB. thinks you are not worth respectingC. doesnt think you are suitable for the jobD. wants you to improve your work【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第四段You just encourage them to do their work better. 可知, 美国老板批评亚洲员工是为了更好地做工作, 但是这样的话在亚洲人的眼里会被认为是不够尊敬或是想解雇他们。所以一个美国
40、老板对你工作的负面评论可能意味着他希望你改进你的工作。. 完形填空It may be difficult to understand nonverbal messages because different cultures have different expectations about eye contact, physical 1, etc. Lets consider eye contact. Children from many Latin American and Asian 2 show respect by avoiding the glance of important p
41、ersons. A teacher whos 3 with this, however, might consider the lack of eye contact as a sign of 4. For many American Indian children, 5 a teacher in the eye and answering her question in front of the class are “showing off”. Culture greatly 6 attitudes towards physical contact, whether its a handsh
42、ake, hug, or pat on the back. In Asia, female friends 7 hold hands and men casually (随便地) hug one another as they walk down the street. Americans, however, may feel 8 with such public behavior. In some Asian cultures, affectionately patting a(n) 9 head is strictly taboo (禁忌的), 10 it can be acceptabl
43、e behavior between adults and young children. How 11 should people stand to each other when theyre having a conversation? In areas of the Middle East and South America, people stand very close when 12. Europeans like to have 13 distance between them, while some Africans 14 even more space. You can 1
44、5 great discomfort by standing too close to another person. Not being 16 of this can even prevent someone from understanding or 17 the ideas youre trying to get across. To create a positive environment for communication, your nonverbal message must closely 18 your verbal message. One way to do this
45、is to carefully observe how children and families speak and 19 around each other and with people they respect. This can 20 clues about the true meaning of their nonverbal interactions. 【文章大意】本文为一篇说明文, 讲述了不同的文化对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。另外, 不同的文化对人与人之间站立距离远近的理解也有所不同。所以, 要想真正了解一种文化, 一定不要忽视无声语言所传达的信息。1. A. exer
46、ciseB. touchC. educationD. strength【解析】选B。physical touch意为“身体接触”, 这从下文的physical contact可得到提示。2. A. schoolsB. villagesC. homelandsD. cultures【解析】选D。第一段已提到不同的文化(different cultures)中人们对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解。此处举例说明, 故此空填“文化”一词。3. A. uncertainB. angryC. unfamiliarD. popular【解析】选C。在拉丁美洲和亚洲文化中, 小孩回避他人的视线是对其尊敬的表
47、现。而对此不了解的老师会误以为这是缺乏尊重。be unfamiliar with意为“对不熟悉”。4. A. disrespectB. ideaC. dangerD. disappointment【解析】选A。此空前的however说明此句与前一句之间是转折关系。既然前一句说是show respect, 此处应当是a sign of disrespect。5. A. seeingB. staring atC. lookingD. glancing at【解析】选C。look sb. in the eye意为“直视某人”。6. A. influencesB. supportsC. observe
48、sD. reduces【解析】选A。在文章首段中说“不同的文化中人们对眼神接触、身体接触等有不同的理解”, 然后在第二段讲眼神接触在不同文化中的不同理解, 故此段则是讲physical contact在不同文化中的影响, 即“文化极大地影响到人们对身体接触的态度”。7. A. neverB. oftenC. seldomD. sometimes【解析】选B。由于男性之间可以随意地拥抱一下, 故可推测女性朋友之间手拉手是常事。8. A. pleasedB. comfortableC. madD. uncomfortable【解析】选D。由该句的however可知, 在亚洲文化中很自然的行为, 在
49、美国文化中却令人感到不舒服。9. A. childsB. babysC. adultsD. mans【解析】选C。在一些亚洲文化中, 摸成人的头是严格禁止的, 但是成人和小孩之间摸头是可以接受的。10. A. becauseB. althoughC. unlessD. if【解析】选B。前后之间是让步关系, 故用although。11. A. farB. closelyC. properlyD. close【解析】选D。从本段的“people stand very close, distance, standing too close”等可知, 本段是谈人与人之间站立时相隔的距离。12. A.
50、 talkingB. eatingC. waitingD. listening【解析】选A。此处when talking与前一句的“when theyre having a conversation”意思一样。13. A. moreB. lessC. noD. little【解析】选A。来自中东和南美的人谈话时站得很近, 而欧洲人需要的距离更大一些。14. A. hateB. preferC. wishD. dream【解析】选B。该句中的while表示对比。非洲人需要的距离更远。15. A. changeB. expectC. createD. accept【解析】选C。双方谈话时, 站得太
51、近, 超过可接受的距离, 人就会感到极不舒服。create“引起; 造成”。16. A. afraidB. ashamedC. proudD. aware【解析】选D。对谈话时的距离要清楚, 否则会造成麻烦。be aware of意为“意识到, 知道”, 符合语境。be afraid of“害怕”; be ashamed of“以为羞愧”; be proud of“以为豪”, 均不符合语境。17. A. suggestingB. consideringC. refusingD. accepting【解析】选D。此空前的or表示选择关系, 说明此空的内容与前面的understanding意思相近
52、。意识不到人们交流时默认的距离甚至会阻碍他人理解或接受你试图传达的意思。18. A. passB. explainC. matchD. prepare【解析】选C。非语言信息与语言信息要相配(match)、要一致。19. A. talkB. behaveC. useD. look【解析】选B。这些文化差异可通过仔细观察小孩和家人间的谈话及举止方式(behave)来了解。20. A. provideB. supportC. proveD. search【解析】选A。这样就可为你真正理解他们的非语言交流提供线索。. 语法填空Your body language will give out a lo
53、t more information. 1. _ (base) on your body language it can be seen whether you are self-confident. It can also show if you are a busy or a quiet type and it helps give an 2. _ (impress) of whether you are speaking 3. _ (truthful) or not. Body language can show how enthusiastic you are and if you a
54、re a nice person, someone who 4. _ (take) his work seriously or who has a sense of humour and can enjoy a joke from time 5. _ time. The members of the application committee will ask you questions, 6. _ your answers wont only be oral. The committee will not only pay attention to 7. _ you say, but als
55、o to how you say it! Body language will determine first if it “clicks”, and sometimes all it takes is just a few 8. _ (second). Everybody 9. _ (use) body language, but it takes place mostly at a subconscious (下意识的) level. Using body language appropriately, you can definitely increase your chances of
56、 10. _ (get) a job. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了肢体语言可以反映一个人的个性, 也可以帮助人们增加获得工作的机会。1. 【解析】Based。考查非谓语动词。句意: 根据你的肢体语言可以看出你是否自信。be based on意为“以为基础”, 此处去掉be作状语, 且位于句首, 故填Based。2. 【解析】impression。考查词性转换。位于冠词的后面应当用名词。3. 【解析】truthfully。考查词性转换。修饰动词speaking用副词, 故填truthfully。4. 【解析】takes。考查时态。句意: 肢体语言可以显示出你有多热情, 是不是一个好
57、人, 一个认真对待工作或者一个有幽默感, 可以时不时讲笑话的人。“has”表明此处用一般现在时, someone作主语, 谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式, 故填takes。5. 【解析】to。考查固定搭配。from time to time为固定搭配, 表示“有时; 不时”, 故填to。6. 【解析】but。考查连词。句意: 申请委员会的成员们会问你一些问题, 但是你的回答不是只限于你说了什么。根据句意可知前后是转折关系, 故填but。7. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句。此处为宾语从句, 从句中的say缺少宾语, 故填what。8. 【解析】seconds。考查名词。句意: 有时只需要几秒钟。a few修饰可数名词复数, 故填seconds。9. 【解析】uses。考查时态和主谓一致。句意: 每个人都使用肢体语言。文章的基础时态为一般现在时, everybody作主语, 谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式, 故填uses。10. 【解析】getting。考查非谓语动词。句意: 适当使用肢体语言, 你找到工作的机会就一定会增加。介词of后接动名词作宾语, 故填getting。关闭Word文档返回原板块