1、Unit 4 Adversity And Courage. 词块记单词1. bitter cold 严寒2. be enthusiastic about the idea对这个想法充满热情3. full of vigour 精力充沛4. go aboard the ship 上船5. assign me to be a steward派我去当服务员6. abandon the ship 弃船7. the miserable place 悲惨之地8. decent food 美味的食物9. a cosy bedroom 一个舒适的卧室10. genuine concern for others真
2、正关心他人11. be cruel to sb. 对某人残酷12. conduct a thorough investigation 展开彻底的调查13. promote the corporate image 提升企业形象14. an episode in ones life 人生的一段插曲15. by ones commitment 通过某人的承诺. 语境记单词1. The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings when they leave the car. Once they find somethi
3、ng that doesnt belong to them, they will make every effort to return it to the owner.(belong)2. Unfortunately, the little boy got his leg badly hurt in the car accident. And he had to drop out of school to seek his fortune in big cities. When working in a company, he fortunately got promoted and bec
4、ame rich.(fortunate)3. The little girl got motivated by the touching movie shown yesterday. So I can say her motivation for becoming a doctor comes from the leading actor Mr Mao.(motivate)4. Under the guidance of our professor Mr Smith, we carried out the experiment smoothly. Its the professors pati
5、ent and careful explanations that guided us to the final success.(guide)5. Advertisers are supposed to be honest about the advertisements. If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined.(advertise). 语境记短语1. Shelly dreamed of/about(梦想) becoming a singer when she was at the age of 1
6、5.2. To the bosss surprise, his offer was turned down(拒绝) by the interviewee.3. In the past few years, my life has gone from bad to worse(每况愈下)4. On a cold night, people can make fire (生火) for the warmth.5. When burning，the chemical can give off(放出) heavy smoke.6. My uncle was enthusiastic about(对充满
7、热情) football when he was only eleven years old.7. If you ask someone to hold on(不挂断电话), you are asking them to wait for a short time.8. I think there will be an invention that will help prevent drivers from getting stuck in(陷入，困于) traffic jams. 公式练句型1. 没有你真诚的帮助，我不可能度过那段困难的时光。(含蓄虚拟语气)Without your sin
8、cere help, I couldnt have gone through that tough time.2. 如果我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。(if条件句中的虚拟语气)If I were you, I would choose to work in a small town.3. 碰巧我有一个朋友在这所学校学习。(It happens that .)It happens that I have a friend studying in this school.4. 天气如此热，谁也不想干活。(so/such . that .)It was such hot weather that/s
9、o hot that nobody wanted to do anything.5. 事实上，这些年这个女孩一直妒忌她的姐姐。(现在完成进行时态)As a matter of fact, the girl has been envying her elder sister these years.1. qualified adj. 符合资格；具备的知识(或技能、学历等)素养佳句 The reasons why I think I am qualified for the English announcer are as follows.我认为自己能胜任英语播音员的原因如下。(1)be qual
10、ified for sth. 有资格获得某物be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事(2)qualify vt. & vi. (使)具备资格；(使)合格qualify sb. to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事(3)qualification n. 资格；资历；资格证书 单句语法填空In my opinion，the clever man is qualified (qualify) to accept the job.The test will qualify you to drive (drive) the new car.The young girl has t
11、he qualifications (qualify) to teach English.句式升级He is looking for a person who is qualified to do the job.He is looking for a person qualified to do the job(用形容词短语改写)2. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的素养佳句 The winners were given an enthusiastic welcome when they arrived home.获胜者凯旋时受到了热烈欢迎。(1)be enthusiast
12、ic about 对充满热情be enthusiastic to do sth. 热衷于做某事(2)enthusiasm n. 热情have an/the enthusiasm to do sth. 有做某事的热情arouse sb.s enthusiasm 激起某人的热情单句语法填空(2020全国卷)I was always an enthusiastic (enthusiasm) reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Most of them seem very enthusiastic about pop
13、 music.(2021天津卷3月)Although exhausting, it gave me energy, enthusiasm (enthusiastic)and happiness.一句多译所有员工都热衷于这一项目。All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.(enthusiastic)All the staff have/keep enthusiasm for the project.(enthusiasm)3. envy n. & vt. 羡慕；妒忌素养佳句 Honestly speaking, I do envy you
14、getting the title of the Excellent Graduate and I should follow your example.老实说，我真羡慕你获得了优秀毕业生的称号，我应该向你学习。(1)envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某事(2)out of envy出于羡慕，出于嫉妒the envy of sb. 令人羡慕的人或物with envy羡慕地；嫉妒地become/be the envy of . 成为羡慕的对象(3)envious adj. 羡慕的；嫉妒的be envious of 羡慕/嫉妒单句语法填空Learn to be truly happy for t
15、he successes of others, rather than envious(envy)Being a poor girl, she looked with envy at her neighbours beautiful necklace.I envied(envy) him being enthusiastic and full of vigour and it seemed that he never felt exhausted.完成句子How I envy her the pleasures she had during the summer holidays!我多么羡慕她
16、在暑假中过得那么快乐啊！They say such unkind things about you out of envy他们出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。4. abandon vt. 舍弃；抛弃；放弃素养佳句 In the end, they did not abandon their established goal, having overcome the bad habits and worked hard.最后，他们没有放弃既定的目标，克服了坏习惯，并努力工作。(1)abandon oneself to . 沉湎于；纵情于abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事(2)with ab
17、andon 放纵地；放任地(3)abandoned adj. 无约束的；无度的；放荡的be abandoned to (doing) 沉湎于(做)单句语法填空These plans were abandoned (abandon) because of financial problems.(2020江苏卷)LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning (abandon) them, opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 20
18、16.They abandoned carrying (carry) out the plan because of the bad weather.句式升级He abandoned himself to playing computer games and didnt pass the exam.Abandoning himself to playing computer games, he didnt pass the exam. (动词ing形式短语作状语)Abandoned to playing computer games, he didnt pass the exam.(过去分词短
19、语作状语)5. commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献素养佳句 This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment.这很重要，因为它直接关系到你的承诺。(1)make a commitment to (doing) sth. 承诺做某事(2)commit v. 犯(错误，罪)；投入；承诺commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)(3)committed adj. 坚定的，忠于职守的单句语法填空(2021天津卷
20、3月)This requires commitment (commit) to a particular occupation, branch of study or research.From then on, I committed myself to losing(lose) weight and getting into shape.They are all committed(commit) members of the team.A violent crime was committed(commit) every five minutes in this area last ye
21、ar.一句多译路易斯会承诺与你共度余生。Louis will commit himself to spending the rest of his days with you.(commit)Louis will be committed to spending the rest of his days with you.(committed)Louis will make a commitment to spending the rest of his days with you.(commitment)6. turn sb. down拒绝(某人)素养佳句 Some impractical
22、suggestions were turned down by the committee.一些不切实际的建议被委员会拒绝了。turn in上交turn up出现；把音量调大turn to sb. (for help) 求助于某人turn off关闭，停止turn on打开，开启单句语法填空(2021新高考卷)Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan.(2021北京卷)We all want to hope things will turn out fine.(2020江苏卷)Yet, when
23、 something new turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.How could you turn down such a fantastic job when you have been out of work for months?You can always turn to your parents when you are in trouble.词汇升级/句式升级Because he didnt make full preparations for the interview, he was ref
24、used.Not having made full preparations for the interview, he was turned down(非谓语动词作原因状语)如果宾语为代词，需要把代词放在turn与down之间。7. give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)素养佳句 Many flowers give off a nice smell, making the bedroom comfortable to live in.许多花散发出一股香味，使卧室住起来很舒服。give away捐献；赠送；颁发；泄露(秘密)give back归还give up放弃give in 屈服；投
25、降；让步；上交give out分发；发出(光、热、信号等)；公布；精疲力竭单句语法填空(2021全国甲卷)Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?The government gave out food to people who are out of work.We invited a famous scientist to give away the prizes.Well, if you dont want to read it, give it back完成句子The
26、 teacher gave out the papers before class.老师在课前分发了试卷。That weekend，we went to a nearby neighbourhood and gave them away to the people there.那个周末，我们去了附近的一个社区并把它们捐赠给那里的人们。It is because the sun gives off light and heat that the earth sustains life.正是因为太阳发出光和热，地球上的生命才得以维持。8. 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气素养佳句 If I had tim
27、e, I would certainly join you in the tennis match.若我有时间，肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用假设情况虚拟条件句中的谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反的假设动词过去式(be动词一般用were)would/could/should/might动词原形与过去事实相反的假设had过去分词would/could/should/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反的假设动词过去式were to动词原形should动词原形would/could/should/might动词原形单句语法填空If I were to do it, I
28、would do(do) it in a different way.If I were(be) you, I should/would go and see the dentist at once.If Mark had taken(take) my advice, he might not have made mistakes.一句多译如果明天下雨，我就不去那里了。If it rained tomorrow, I would not go there.If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go there.Should it rain tomorr
29、ow, I would not go there.If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.Were it to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.当从句中有were，had(had是助动词)或should时，if经常省略，而将were, had或should提至句首。9. It happens that .素养佳句 It happened that she was out when we called.我们打电话时她刚巧不在家。(1)It happens that . 意为“碰巧”，句中it为形式
30、主语，而真正的主语是后面的that从句。(2)it作形式主语的其他常见句型有：It suddenly occurs to sb. that . 某人突然想到It strikes/hits sb. that . 某人突然想到单句语法填空It hits(hit) me that nothing is more precious than health after I recovered from a severe illness.(2021新高考卷) It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help d
31、uring our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.一句多译他突然想到第二天上午他要参加一个重要的会议。It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(occur)It hit him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(hit)It struck him tha
32、t he had an important conference to attend the next morning.(strike)选词填空thorough; bitter; make fire; furniture; perseverance; resolve; roughly; unfortunately; recreation; belongings 1. We must find a way to resolve these problems in time.2. Im not sure how much scholarship you will receive, but it w
33、ill roughly cover your major expenses.3. Ive learnt from bitter experience not to trust what he says.4. Detectives carried out a thorough search of the building.5. Unfortunately, its a pity that not all the athletes were able to take part in the Olympic Games during that time.6. To pay for training
34、and equipment, he has sold his house and most of his belongings7. Each piece of furniture in their home suited the style of the house.8. To be a champion of womens rights requires great courage and perseverance9. TV takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, such as listening to the radio and p
35、laying sports.10. The explorers discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fire. 语境猜词义1. (2021新高考卷)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.n. 洗碗槽2. (2021北京卷)Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major i
36、mbalance and may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.vt. 激发3. (2020浙江卷7月)Its not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out.adj. 公司的；社团的4. (2019天津卷)Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but
37、 I didnt enjoy this type of reading.vt. 布置. 一词多义1. (2021北京卷)Discussing your issues and resolving them instead of stuffing them down can improve your emotional health. AA. v. 解决(问题或困难)B. v. 决定；决心C. v. 作出决议D. v. 分解2. (2020江苏卷)And tens of millions in Africa and Asia can see because of the commitment Wi
38、lson made to preventing the preventable. CA. n. 承诺，保证B. n. 委托；承担义务C. n. 奉献，献身D. n. (资金、时间、人力的)花费，使用. 完成句子1. (2021新高考卷写作)Under the guidance of their father, they took positive actions and started all over again.在他们的父亲的引导下，他们采取了积极的行动，重新开始。2. (2021新高考卷写作)This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked
39、 nicely.这次，她把火关小了，因此煎得很好。3. (2020全国卷写作)Most importantly, full commitment is a must最重要的是，完全的承诺是必须的。4. (2020全国卷写作)Had it not been for his guidance and encouragement, I couldnt have won the first place in the city English speech contest.如果没有他的指导和鼓励，我不可能在市英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。5. (2020全国卷写作)Without his aid, I wo
40、uldnt have boosted my integrated skills in English.没有他的帮助，我不可能提高我的英语综合技能。. 单词拼写1. Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic(热情的) supporter of her idol.2. Fashion magazines have almost abandoned(放弃) the practice of putting models on the cover.3. He made a genuine(真诚的) attempt to improve farmers livi
41、ng conditions.4. Its obvious that Michael Fish is not qualified(具备资格) for his job.5. It wasnt an easy decision, but we have been asking for a reasonable wage(工资) for years.6. I couldnt have gone through that bitter(痛苦的) period without your generous help.7. The idea is for people not to be selfish(自私
42、的) by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.8. Fortunately(幸运的是), theres much information on the Web about job opportunities.9. When I saw a little girl crying there，my heart sank(下沉)10. Some colleagues envied(妒忌) the lucky young man, but he didnt care about it. 单句语法填空1. It is wrong of yo
43、u to treat your new classmates so cruelly(cruel)2. According to a recent study, 60 percent of people give up to their resolution(resolve)3. I really admired his endurance(endure) when he looked after little children.4. The fact is that the new toy gives off a terrible smell.5. Generally, students in
44、ner motivation(motivate) is essential to their development.6. Jim took the umbrella belonging(belong) to Mary by mistake just now.7. It was his perseverance(persevere) that helped him succeed at last.8. A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment (commit)9. You will reach your fina
45、l goal under the guidance(guide) of the wise man.10. The work hadnt been done very thoroughly (thorough), which made him angry. 补全句子1. 要是我有足够的钱，我就把那个男孩送到那个国家深造了。(if虚拟条件句)If I had enough money，I would send the boy to that country for further education.2. 那位农场主非常热情，我们发现拒绝他很难。(turn短语)The farmer was so
46、enthusiastic that we found it hard to turn him down3. 当我们去看望他时，碰巧他出去散步了。(It happens that .)It happened that he went out for a walk when we paid a visit to him.4. 你最好把发出怪味的箱子搬出去。(give短语)Youd better remove the box giving off a strange smell5. 当卢卡斯离开电话找铅笔的时候，他让我别挂断。(hold短语)When Lucas left the telephone to find a pencil, he asked me to hold on