1、SectionGrammarXIINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 一 二 三 过去分词(1)过去分词作定语和表语一、阅读下列句子,说出画线的过去分词或过去分词短语所充当的句子成分1.She became not less but more interested in reading.2.Meanwhile,the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food,according to a 2008 World Bank rep
2、ort.3.He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile.4.Every winter in Jukkasjarvi,Sweden,a special kind of hotel called the Ice Hotel is built.5.If you are interested in this position,please send your CV(简历)to Alex London Research Laboratory,University College Lond
3、on,Hatfield,London,W1E 6B7.答案:1.表语 2.定语 3.表语;定语 4.定语 5.表语XIINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 一 二 三 二、语法填空1.Well,his mother seems (please)with his results.2.My wish is (go)to college some day.3.What he likes is (read)books.4.My parents are very (disappoint)with my (disappoint)work.5.He was (surp
4、rise)when he heard what I said.6.We should think of a way to clean the (pollute)water.7.I saw a basket (fill)with eggs.8.Lets go and calm down the (terrify)people.9.All of us became (excite)at the (excite)news.答案:1.pleased 2.to go 3.reading 4.disappointed;disappointing 5.surprised 6.polluted 7.fille
5、d 8.terrified9.excited;excitingXIINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 一 二 三 三、完成下列句子(注意过去分词作定语或表语的用法)1.当我在伦敦观看奥运会开幕式时,我感到非常激动。When I watched the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in London,.2.许多人来到事故现场悼念那些在大火中丧生的人们。Many people came to the accident scene to mourn for the people .3.被队友们举起的那位运动员是
6、他哥哥。The athlete is his brother.4.听到那位科学家获得诺贝尔奖的消息,我们都很高兴。Hearing the news that that scientist won the Nobel prize,.5.她是一位残疾女孩,但她从未向困难低头。She ,who has never given in to any difficulty.答案:1.I felt very excited 2.killed in the big fire 3.lifted by his teammates 4.all of us became pleased/delighted 5.is
7、a disabled girlZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三 过去分词(1)过去分词作定语和表语一、分词的概念分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语或状语等。分词有两种:一种是动词-ing 形式,一种是过去分词。这两种形式在句子中能担任的成分大体相同,但意义有所区别:动词-ing 形式一般表示主动和进行;过去分词一般表示被动和完成。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三二、过去分词的定语和表语功能1.作定语(1)不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示动作已完成,不
8、表示被动的意义。fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起的太阳(2)及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。the broken glass 碎了的杯子a divided country 一个分裂的国家(3)单个过去分词作定语时,一般放在被修饰词语之前;有些单个的过去分词在习惯上往往放在所修饰词语的后面。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三根据上面所学知识进行语法填空,并将下列句子译成中文The (break)vase has been thrown outside.翻译:答案:broken;那个被打碎
9、的花瓶已经被扔出去了。Hurry up,there is only a little time (leave).翻译:答案:left;快点,只剩下一点时间了。(4)过去分词短语作定语时,需将分词放在被修饰的词语之后,功能相当于一个定语从句。根据上面所学知识进行语法填空,将下列句子改成定语从句,并译成中文The girl,(bring)up by her uncle,has begun to work now.定语从句:翻译:答案:which was brought;那个被叔叔抚养长大的女孩现在已经开始上班了。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三
10、The novel (write)by him is very popular.定语从句:翻译:答案:that/which was written;他写的那部小说非常流行。2.作表语(1)当“人”作主语时,用过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态或思想感情等。根据上面所学知识进行语法填空,并将下列句子译成中文。When we heard of it,we were deeply (move).翻译:答案:moved;当我们听说那件事的时候,都被深深地打动了。He seemed quite (delight)at the idea.翻译:答案:delighted;听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。ZHONGN
11、AN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三(2)过去分词常常与 get 连用,构成系表结构,表示某一事件或事故的发生,着重强调动作。根据上面所学知识进行语法填空,并将下列句子译成中文。He got (kill)when he crossed the road.翻译:答案:killed;当他横穿公路时被撞死了。Her car got (steal)at the weekend.翻译:答案:stolen;她的汽车在周末被盗了。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三三、过去分词作定语和表语时要注意两点1.“系+表”结构与
12、被动语态的区别“be+过去分词”表状态时,是“系+表”结构,此时后面多跟 at,with,in 等介词引起的短语;表行为时,是被动结构,有时后面有 by 短语表明动作执行者。除 be 动词外的“系动词+过去分词”都是“系+表”结构。例如:语法填空,判断是系表结构还是被动语态并译成中文Because of the heavy rain,our car got (trap)in the mud.翻译:答案:trapped;系表结构;由于下大雨,我们的汽车陷在泥中。More than 200 people (trap)in the building by the big fire.翻译:答案:wer
13、e trapped;被动结构;200 多人被大火困在那座大楼里。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三2.过去分词与动词-ing 形式作定语的区别(1)过去分词具有完成和被动的含义,而动词-ing 形式具有进行和主动的含义。语法填空,并将下列句子译成中文Look!It is a (move)car.(动词-ing 形式表主动)翻译:答案:moving;看!那是一辆正在移动的汽车。The (move)audience burst into applause for his heroic deeds.(过去分词表被动)翻译:答案:moved;激动的听
14、众对他的英勇事迹报以热烈的掌声。The (travel)star in the sky is probably a man-made satellite.(动词-ing 形式表进行)翻译:答案:travelling;天空中运行的那颗星星很可能是一颗人造卫星。ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三(2)过去分词表状态含有“感到”之意;而现在分词表特征含有“令人”之意。根据上面所学知识进行语法填空A.Nobody was (interest)in the story he told.B.The story he told was very (inte
15、rest).答案:interested;interestingA.Everybody was (excite)to hear the news.B.The news is very (excite)indeed.答案:excited;excitingA.The result of the test was rather (disappoint).B.He was very (disappoint)at the result of the test.答案:disappointing;disappointedZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三注意
16、下面过去分词作定语的两种情况:(1)如果被修饰的词是由 every/some/any/no+thing/body/one 所构成的复合代词或指示代词 those 等时,即使一个单一的分词用作定语,也要放在被修饰词的后面。翻译句子还有没解决的问题吗?答案:Is there anything unsolved?ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三(2)作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。原形 用作定语的过去分词 用作表语或谓语的过去分词 drink drunken drunk light lighted li
17、t,lighted melt melten melted sink sunken sunk ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三 语法填空1)Theisland,(join)tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.2)Recentlyasurvey (compare)pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.3)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremain (seat)unti
18、ltheplanehascometoacompletestop.4)Themusicofthefilm (play)byhimsoundsso (excite).即学即用5)When the boy was seeing the (bore)film,he was very (disappoint).6)This restaurant,(own)by an old couple,has an inviting,homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.7)According to the report,people in the (flood
19、)areas are rebuilding their homes and many roads (lead)to the area have been repaired.8)The GPS,originally (develop)by the US military,covers the whole world now.9)It remains (see)whether it will be convenient for me to see my best friend off next week.10)How do you like the performance (present)by the pianist?Wonderful.In fact Ive never seen anyone performing so skillfully.ZHONGNAN TIANJIU重难探究 XINGZHI DAOXUE新知导学 一二三答案:1)joined2)comparing3)seated4)played;excited5)boring;disappointed6)owned7)flooded;leading8)developed9)to be seen10)presented