1、虚拟语气-高中英语语法精讲精练虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：（1）一般虚拟 （2）混合虚拟 （3）特殊句式一一般虚拟的构成：(省略if, 要将should/were/had 提到句首)(1). 对现在的虚拟：If +S.+ did/were sth., S.+ would/could/should +doIf I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.(2) 对过去的虚拟：If +S.+had + p.p,
2、 S.+ would/could/should have + p.pIf you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.(3) 对将来的虚拟：If + S. + did/were/should do/were to do, S + would/should/could do sth.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.If he
3、 should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day.注意：Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk.Were I you, I would not do such a thing.二 混合虚拟：（1） 不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If
4、 he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough.You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.三 特殊句式：(1).suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand + that clause (should do/do
5、 )He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.(insist的判断)(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that clause(should do/do)(主语从句)(3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表语从句）His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that clause(should do
6、/do ) is. （同位语从句）(4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。Its strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然）It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此）It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)（5）wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)wi
7、sh + that clause (would/could/might + do与将来相反)wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反)I wish I could go with them tomorrow.I wish I had never met him.(6) It is (high/about) time + clause (did, should do )It is (high/about) time we went home.(7) would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反)；（had done 与过去相反）I woul
8、d rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you hadnt told her the news.(8) If only + clause ( did/were与现在相反) (would/could/might + do与将来相反)( had done 与过去相反) “要是。就好了“If only he would come tomorrow! If only I had taken her advice!If only I were ten years younger!(9) as if + clause (did/were 与现在相反) (wou
9、ld/could/might + do与将来相反)( had done 与过去相反)She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter.They talked as if they had been friends for years.(10) would like/was/were to have done somethingI would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.(11) without/but for + n.= if it we
10、re not for +n./if it hadnt been for + n. (otherwise后从句同)I would not have passed the exam without your help.(=if it hadnt been for your help)四 。虚拟巩固练习：1. The plant is dead. I _more water.A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given2. I insist that a doctor _ immediately.A. has b
11、een sent for B. send for C. will be sent for D. be sent for3. If you the doctors advice, you would have already recovered.A. follow B. followed C. would follow D. had followed4. I wish I _ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see5. What would you have done last night, if you to wr
12、ite your homework.A. hadnt B. havent had C. didnt have D. hadnt had6. -Did you catch the plane?-No, if I had hurried, I .A. would B. would have C. could D. did7. Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be8. - Shall we go skating or stay at
13、home? -Which_ do yourself?A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather9. - We could have walked to the station, it was so near.-Yes, a taxi _ at all necessary.A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt D. wont be10. If you early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon.A.
14、have started B. were start C. were to start D. had started11. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told12. -If he _, he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to hospital immediately.A. was warned, would not take B. had been warned, would no
15、t have takenB. would be warned, had not taken D. would have been warned, had not taken13. - Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation?-No, but if I time, I very glad to go there.A. have, will be B, had had, would have beenC. had, would be D. had had, would be14. If you George, would yo
16、u please tell him to ring me?A. saw B. were to C. have seen D. see15. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove, didnt get B. drove, wouldnt getC. were driving, wouldnt get D. had driven, wouldnt have got16. I am sure he hasnt sent the letter. If he it, I .A. sent, got B. sent
17、, have got C. sent, would go D. had sent, would have got.17. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been18. Jane pale face suggested that he _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination.A. be, should have B. was, have
18、 C. should be, had D. was, has19. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will20. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A. would B. should C. had better D. might21._ for the free tickets, _
19、I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not22. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come, but why didnt you?A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have23. I should have been there, but I _ not find the time.A
20、. would B. could C. might D. should24. If he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldnt suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie25. How I wish every family _ a large house with a garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had26. I thought you _ like something to read , so I have
21、 brought you some books.A. might B. may C. could D. must27. There was plenty of time. She _.A. neednt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. mustnt have hurried28. It was necessary that he about what had happened.A. be told B. was told C. should tell D. tell29. It was strange that
22、 we short of water in the country where it was always raining.A. are B. be C. should be D. both B and C30. You any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan.A. wont meet with B. would not meet withC. would not have met with D. have not met with31. .He did his best in everything, he would n
23、ot have seen what he was.A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that32. -You should have gone to the show with us yesterday. It is very good.-I wished I , but I was busy with my report.A. had B. did C. would have D. were33. - Would you have told him the answer, if possible?-Yes, I would have, but I very
24、busy.A. had been B. were C. was D. would be34. If only I his advice, but I am sorry I did.A. would not take B. would not have takenC. did not take D. had not taken35. It is time we to the concert. A. went B, go C. will go D. should go36. -Id like to get a job in that computer shop.-I would much rath
25、er you _at home and _ care of the children.A. stay, take B. stayed, took C. should stay, took D. stayed, take37. If we _ birth control earlier, China _ such a large population.A. had begun, wouldnt have B. had begun, wouldnt have hadC. began, wouldnt have D. should begin, wouldnt have had38. They tr
26、eats the granny as if she _ their own mother. A is B. was C. were D. had been39. -What do you think of the food here? -Oh, wonderful! WE _ a better place.A. wont find B. mustnt have found C. cant find D. couldnt have found40. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must have studied B
27、. might study C. should have studied D. would study41. It was suggested that the match _ because of the weather.A. would be put off B. should put off C. must be put off D. be put off42.If only I _ to your advice and returned home in time.A. listened B. had listened C. would listen D. would have list
28、ened43. _, there would be no industry.A. Without steel B. If there is not steel C. There would be no steel D. If there was not steel44.-Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? -I wish I _, but I _ study for a test.A. had, will have to B. would, had to C. did, have to D. could, have to45. He spok
29、e as if he _ in space at that moment.A. had walked B. were walking C. would walk D. walked46. I would do it in a different way _ it.A. were I do B. were I to do C. should I to do D. had I done47. But for his help, they _ over the mountain in such a short time.A. had not run B. have not run C. couldn
30、t have run D. cant have run48. There is nothing left. I wish I _ so much money on clothes.A. havent spent B. hadnt spent C. couldnt have spent D. not spend49. -Why are you late? -I got caught in traffic; otherwise I _ here on time.A. would have been B. was C. were D. had been50. -What happened to th
31、e trees planted last spring?-The trees _ well. But they didnt take good care of them.A. would grow B. shall have grown C. would have grow D. might grow51. He would have died _ that doctor.A. hadnt it been B. it id had been C. were it for D. had it not been for52. What would you do if you _ a house on fire? A. saw B. see C. have seen D. had seen五参考答案：1-5 DDDCD 6-10 BDBAC11-15 ABCAD16-20 DDBBA 21-25 CDBCB 26-30 AAADB31-35 CCCDA 36-40BACDC 41-45DBADB46-52BCBACDA