1、浙江省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（65）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 (A)Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential to ones life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family
2、car before starting a trip. But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest year for which figures could be obtained, the number of people who didnt have br
3、eakfast increased by 33%from 8.8 million to 11.7 millionaccording to the Chicago-based Market Research Corporation of America. For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothi
4、ng wrong with omitting (省略) breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect work,” said Arnold E. Bender, former professor of nutrition at Queen Elizabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve work.” Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better work is
5、surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not grown-ups. “The literature,” says one researcher, Dr Earnest Polite at the University of Texas, “is poor.” 1. The main idea of the passage is that _.A. breakfast has nothing to do with peoples healthB. a good breakfast used
6、to be important to usC. breakfast is not as important to us as gasoline to a carD. breakfast is not as important as we thought before2. For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _.A. several studies have been done in the past few yearsB. the omission of breakfast has little effect o
7、n ones workC. grown-ups have especially made studies in this fieldD. eating little in the morning is good for health3. The underlined part “nor does giving people breakfast improve work” means _.A. people without breakfast can improve their workB. not giving people breakfast improves workC. having b
8、reakfast does not improve work, eitherD. people having breakfast do improve their work, too 4. The word literature in the last sentence refers to _.A. stories, poems, play, etc B. written works on a particular subjectC. newspaper articlesD. the modern literature of America5. What is implied but not
9、stated by the author is that _.A. breakfast does not affect workB. Dr Polite works at an institution of higher learningC. not eating breakfast might affect the health of childrenD. Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in London (B)Many trees in the Brackham area were brought dow
10、n in the terrible storms that March. The town itself lost two great lime trees from the former market square. The disappearance of such striking features had changed the appearance of the town centre entirely, to the annoyance of its more conservative inhabitants(居民).Among the annoyed, under more no
11、rmal circumstances, would have been Chief Inspector Douglas Pelham, head of the local police force. But at the height of that weeks storm, when the wind brought down even the mature walnut tree in his garden, Pelham had in fact been in no fit state to notice. A large and healthy man, he had for the
12、first time in his life been seriously ill with an attack of bronchitis. When he first complained of an aching head and tightness in his chest, his wife, Molly, had tried to persuade him to go to the doctor. Convinced that the police force could not do without him, he had, as usual, ignored her and a
13、ttempted to carry on working. Predictably, though he wouldnt have listened to anyone who tried to tell him so, this had the effect of fogging his memory and shortening his temper.It was only when his colleague, Sergeant Lloyd, took the initiative (主动) and drove him to the doctors door that he finall
14、y gave in. By that time, he didnt have the strength left to argue with her. In no time at all, she was taking him along to the chemists to get his medicine and then home to his unsurprised wife who sent him straight to bed. When Molly told him, on the Thursday morning, that the walnut tree had been
15、brought down during the night, Pelham hadnt been able to take it in. On Thursday evening, he had asked weakly about damage to the house, groaned (含糊不清地说) thankfully when he heard there was none, and pulled the sheets over his head.It wasnt until Saturday, when the medicine took effect, his temperatu
16、re dropped and he got up, that he realized with a shock that the loss of the walnut tree had made a permanent difference to the appearance of the living-room. The Pelhams large house stood in a sizeable garden. It had not come cheap, but even so Pelham had no regrets about buying it. The leafy garde
17、n had created an impression of privacy. Now, though, the storm had changed his outlook.Previously, the view from the living-room had featured the handsome walnut tree. This had not darkened the room because there was also a window on the opposite wall, but it had provided interesting patterns of lig
18、ht and shade that hid the true state of the worn furniture that the family had brought with them from their previous house.With the tree gone, the room seemed cruelly bright, its worn furnishings exposed in all their shabbiness. And the view from the window didnt bear looking at. The tall house next
19、 door, previously hidden by the tree, was now there, dominating the outlook with its unattractive purple bricks and external pipes. It seemed to have a great many upstairs windows, all of them watching the Pelhams every movement.“Doesnt it look terrible?” Pelham whispered to his wife. But Molly, sta
20、nding in the doorway, sounded more pleased than dismayed. “Thats what Ive been telling you ever since we came here. We have to buy a new sofa, whatever it costs.”6. Why were some people in Brackham annoyed after the storm?A. No market could be held.B. The police had done little to help. C. The town
21、looked different.D. Fallen trees had not been removed. 7. In the third paragraph, what do we learn about Chief Inspector Pelhams general attitude to his work? A. He finds it extremely annoying. B. is sure that he plays an important role.C. considers the systems are not clear enough. D. He does not t
22、rust the decisions made by his superiors.8. What aspect of the Pelhams furniture does “shabbiness” in paragraph 8 describe?A. its condition. B. its colour. C. its position. D. its design.9. As a result of the storm, the Pelhams living-room _.A. was pleasantly lighter B. felt less privateC. had a bet
23、ter view D. was in need of repair10. Why did Molly sound pleased by her husbands comment?A. It proved that he was well again. B. She agreed about the tree.C. She thought he meant the sofa. D. It was what she expected him to say.(C)Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still c
24、ursing( 咒骂) the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods o
25、f 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted (转换) to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number. The researcher then studied the videota
26、pes to analyze the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows
27、 the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve
28、 the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping
29、 up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.11. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _.A. reexamine the rules for football refereeing B. analyze the causes of errors made by football refereesC. set a standard for football refereeingD. review
30、the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup12. The findings of the experiment show that _.A. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely errors will occurD.
31、errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot13. The word “officials” most probably refers to _.A. the researchers involved in the experiment B. the inspectors of the football tournamentC. the referees of the football tournament D. the observers at the site of the experiment14. What is one
32、 of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A. The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.B. Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C. A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D. An experienced football referee can d
33、o well even when in poor physical condition.(D)Psychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy（疗法） seems to focus on the physical dise
34、ase. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treat
35、ment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.The doctor knows that a disease affects a patients body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is a
36、ffected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patients physical problems, but the patients mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes. She typic
37、ally feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctors treatment must help the patient change that. Simontons method emphasizes treatment of the “wh
38、ole” patient. The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simontons psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤） in the body. In the mental picture, t
39、he patient sees a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cel
40、ls. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patients positive attitude fight the disease. Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy wor
41、ks. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease. Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion ther
42、apy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patients
43、mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment. Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to h
44、elp adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic（慢性的）dise
45、ases. Asthma （哮喘）is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion t
46、herapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily. Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney
47、, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most o
48、f the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems. Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.15
49、. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children. B. How modern therapy focuses on the disease.C. Responses from the medical world.D. How to use the mind against disease.16. How does psychological therapy work? A. The patient waits for the medicine and t
50、reatment to cure him. B. The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patients problems. C. The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease. D. The patient uses his mind to cure himself.17. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.? A. The medical treatment
51、 can cure the patients mental disease. B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary. C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment. D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease. 18. The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patie
52、nts in that _. A. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it B. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells C. the patients attitudes towards themselves have changed D. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat t
53、hem19. It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to _. . A. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases B. help the patients with chronic diseases C. help change some bad habits D. help cure patients of insomnia（失眠症）20. According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far? A. The value of mental therapy. B. The effectiveness of suggestion therapy. C. The working principle of suggestion therapy. D. The importance of psychology in medical treatment.DBCBC CBABC BACB DCBCDC 高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#UKs5uKs%U高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网
