1、2012高考英语备考易错点睛系列7情态动词和虚拟语气（教师版）考前必读高考研究英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。每年高考试题中都会出现一定的题目。易错点睛易错点1 混淆“情态动词+have done”各种句式的不同含义【易错题1】He did
2、not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could express B. would expressC. could have expressed D. must have expressed【易错题2】Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.You it in the wrong place.A.must put B.should have putC.might put D.might have put【解析】考生容易误选A项
3、，原因是受汉语表达习惯的影响，认为“你一定是把它放错地方了”。根据前面的语境可判断出，本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。所以要用“might have done”。“should havedone表示“(过去)本来应该做某事”。must意为“一定”，是肯定的推测，与所提供的情景矛盾。might put表示现在发生的事。【答案】D【错因透视】maymight have done表示“过去可能做了(某事)”。如：一where is my pen?我的钢笔哪里去了?一You might have put it in your pocket你可能把它放到你的口袋里了。【易错题3】Mr. White _ a
4、t 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive来源:C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving【易错题4】She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all.A. should B. could C. must D. might【错因透视】must+have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测，表
5、示“(过去)一定、必定做了某事”。must接动词原形表示对现在情况的猜测。如：Tom must have finished his homework yesterday because he went camping with his parents汤姆昨天一定是完成作业了，因为他和父母去野营了。【易错题5】-Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. -Thanks. You_it. I could manage it myself.Aneednt do Bneednt have done Cmustnt do Dshouldnt have don
6、e【解析】考生容易误选D项，认为是“你本来不应该做那件事情”。句子意思是：“凯瑟琳，我已经给你打扫了房间。”“谢谢。你本来没有必要打扫的，我自己能够对付。”neednt have done表示“过去本来没有必要做而做了”；shouldnt have done表示“过去本来不应该做而做了”。【答案】B【错因透视】neednt have done表示“本来没必要做而做了”，是对过去情况的虚拟。如：You neednthave told him that你本没必要告诉他那件事。易错点2对情态动词的基本用法掌握不熟练【易错题l】 Its the office! So you know eating i
7、s not allowed here. Oh, sorry.A. must B. will C. mayD. need【易错题2】Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _ just be quiet people.A. must B. may C. should D. would【解析】考生容易误选C项，认为是“一定是”，实际上这里表示可能性。句子意思是：有些不愿多讲话的人并不是真的害羞；他们可能只是一些喜欢安静的人。【答案】B【错因透视】maymight接动词原形表示对现在情况的推测，意思是“
8、可能”。如：She thought itmight be wise to try her luck here她认为在这儿碰碰运气也许不错。【易错题3】一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area”Awill Bmay Cshall D. must【解析】考生容易误选A项，认为是will在这里表示将来或意愿。shall在本句中用于第三人称，表示警告和禁止，因此答语的意思是：任何人都不准在这个区域吸烟、或携带点着的香烟、
9、雪茄或烟斗。will表示现在的意志、愿望等，意为“要，希望”；may表示许可，或用于请求许可，意为“可，可以”；must意为“必须，要，应当”。【答案】C【错因透视】shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求对方意见。此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令、警告、允诺、威胁或决心等，这时它用于第二、三人称的肯定句。如：Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?(征求意见)You shall go to the front at once(命令)Dont worryYou shall get theanswer this very aftern
10、oon(允诺)He shall be sorry one dayI tell you(警告)Nothing shall stop us fromfighting against pollution(决心)易错点3 对虚拟语气在条件句中应用的基本用法了解不够【易错题1】This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might【易错题2】But for their h
11、elp, we _ the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished【解析】考生容易误选C项，原因是没有注意到but for their help这一含蓄条件。由语境可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，所以主句应该用wouldcouldmightshould+have done结构。【答案】D 【错因透视】含蓄条件句的用法：【易错题3】It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing to
12、day if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall【错因透视】错综条件句就是虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。如：If 1 were you，1 would not have missed thefilm last night如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚的电
13、影了。If they had started in the early morning，theywould arrive in half an hour如果他们清早就出发，那么再有半个小时就到了。易错点4 忽视名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法【易错题】The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. shouldnt 【解析】考生容易误选B项，原因是不知道recommend的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。【答案】D【错因透视】虚拟语气经常用于表示意愿、建议、命令
14、、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：advise建议，command命令，demand要求，desire渴望，insist坚持，intend打算，propose提议，order命令，require需要，request要求，recommend劝告。这些动词的宾语从句中用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。如：I suggest that we(should)set off at once我建议我们应该立刻出发。【易错题2】How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden!（上海春
15、招)Ahas Bhad Cwill have Dhad had【易错题3】It is important that we Ashall close the window before we leave Bwill close the window before we 1eaveCmust close the window before we leave Dclose the window before we 1eave【解析】考生容易误选C项，原因是没有掌握主语从句中用虚拟语气的用法。It is important(necessary，strange)that主语从句中，谓语用should+动
16、词原形表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。【答案】D【错因透视】虚拟语气用于It is+形容词名词过去分词+主语从句的句式中，主语从句中用should+动词原形，should可以省略。这类形容词或分词有：determined决定的，commanded命令的，arranged安排的，anxious焦急的，important重要的，desired想要，asked请求，natural自然的，insisted坚持，necessary必要的，suggested建议，ordered命令，proposed提议，requested要求的，required要求的，recommended推荐，possible可能
17、的，a pity可惜的是，等。如：It is necessary that he(should)besent there at once有必要立刻派他去那里。It is suggested that the meeting(should)be Dut off till nextweek有人建议会议推迟到下星期。跟踪练习（2012年西安市高三年级第一次质量检测试题英语）I was busy the other day, otherwise I _ to help you.Awould have comeBwould comeChad comeDcame（2012年西安市高三年级第一次质量检测试题
18、英语）If you _ smoke, you could at least go to the smoking area.AcanBmustCwillDshall【答案】B【解析】 考查情态动词。句意：如果你非要抽烟，起码可以去吸烟区抽。此处 must 表示“硬要；非要；偏要”。（2012年郑州市高中毕业年级第一次质量预测英语）Could I watch TV for 10 more minutes, Mum?Oh, dear, if you _.AcanBmustCmayDshould（2012年长春市高中毕业班第一次调研测试英语）Just as Jane is doing her home
19、work, _ you bother her with playing the piano now?AmayBcanCmustDshall【答案】C【解析】 考查情态动词。句意：Jane 正在写作业，你偏要现在弹钢琴打扰她吗？这里 must 表示“偏要，非得”，其他选项都无此用法，故选C项。（北京市东城区2012届高三第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）The driver _ have drunk a lot before the accident, but I am not quite sure of that.AmightBmustCshouldDwould【答案】A【解析】 考查情态动词。从
20、后半句 “but I am not quite sure of that” 可知空处是对过去发生事情的不肯定推测，因此选A（北京市西城区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语）Why are you in such a hurry?Dont you remember that we _ be home by 8 p. m. to see our favorite TV show?AcanBwouldCmustDmay（北京市重点高中2012届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）God! My cell phone is missing. You _ have left it at home. I heard
21、 you telephone our daughter in the bathroom.AshallBmustCwouldDcould（南京市2012届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语）Life _ be very hard for people living in the north of Canada as it is very cold there in the winter.Yes, the weather there _ be as low as 60 below zero.Amust; canBshall; mustCwill; shouldDhas to; can【答案】A【解析】 考
22、查情态动词。根据后面的 “as it is very cold there in the winter” 可知第一空表示肯定推测，故用 must，而第二空是对那儿天气的一种可能性猜测，故用 can。（合肥市2012年高三第一次教学质量检测英语）Come to supper with us, Peter.Great! I _ bring a bottle of wine.AwillB canCmayDmust【答案】A【解析】 考查情态动词。此处 will 表示的是说话人的主观意愿，意为“愿；要”。（合肥市2012年高三第一次教学质量检测英语）The constant rise of meat
23、price requires that effective measures _ by the government.Amust be takenBbe takenCwill be takenDshould take（江西省丰、樟、高、宜四市2012届高三联考英语）Our teacher insisted that the key words worth paying attention _ before class.Ato underlinedBwas underlinedCto be underlinedDto being underlined【答案】C【解析】 考查虚拟语气。分析句子结构
24、可知，worth paying attention to 作 the key words 的后置定语；insist 表示“坚持主张”时，其宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词使用 should do, should 可以省略，因此该从句谓语为 (should) be underlined，因此选择C。解该题的关键在于弄清句子结构，不要受思维定势的干扰而误选D。（河北省普通高中2012届高三教学质量监测英语）Im really very busy, otherwise I _ certainly go there with you.AcanBshallCwillDwould（北京市东城区2012届高三
25、第一学期期末教学统一检测英语）If she _ an hour earlier, she wouldnt have been caught in the rain.Ahas returnedBreturnedCwill returnDhad returned【答案】D【解析】 考查虚拟语气。从 “wouldnt have been caught” 可知空处表示与过去事实相反，因此从句应用过去完成时。（北京市西城区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语）Lets play football together tomorrow afternoon.OK, but how I wish I _ it as
26、 skillfully as you.AplayedBhave playedChad playedDwill play（北京市西城区2012届高三上学期期末考试英语）_ more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Internet games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.AIf I devotedBHad I devotedCWould I be devotedDShould I be devoted（北京市重点高中2012届高三尖子生综合素质展示英语）I ran all the way to school yesterday, otherwise I _ late for the annual talent show.AwasBhad been来源:Cwould beDwould have been【答案】D【解析】 考查虚拟语气。句意：昨天我一路跑到学校，不然年度才艺表演我就会迟到。本句的后半句是虚拟语气，是对过去情况的假设，所以用 would have done 结构。