1、2012高考英语语法点石成金术：动词的语态一、动词的语态的种类：主动语态和被动语态。二、被动语态的构成方式：be + 过去分词。在语态中，各种时态谓语动词的被动形式如：时态被动语态的构成一般现在时am/ is/ are done一般过去时was/ were done一般将来时shall/ will be done过去将来时am/ is/ are being done现在进行时was/ were being done过去进行时have/ has been done现在完成时had been done过去完成时should/would + be done情态动词情态动词 + be + 过去分词E.
2、g. (1)一般现在时：Now English is taught in all middle schools in our country. (2)一般过去时：The Great hall of the People was built in 1959. (3)一般将来时: When will the work be finished? (4) )过去将来时：He told us that the work would be finished the next day. (5)现在进行时：Your tractor is being repaired now. (6)过去进行时：The chi
3、ld was being examined by the doctor when they came in. (7)现在完成时：The work hasnt been finished yet. (8)过去完成: The new plan had been carried out before the second experiment began. (9)情态动词: Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.三、主动语态转换为被动语态要注意的几点：1、带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动
4、句，若主动语态动词后又有直接宾语，又有间接宾语，.一般是将间接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，将直接宾语保留在原处。但若将直接宾语改为被动语态句中的主语，则将间接宾语保留在原处时，一般要在间接宾语前加介词to（此类动词为:bring,hand,leave,lend,read,pass,promise,refuse,return,send,shoe,tell,throw,write）或 for（此类动词为：buy,do,get,make,order,pay,play,sing）等。E.g.(1)Grandma told me an interesting story last night.was t
5、old an interesting story last night. An interesting story was told to me last night. (2)She bought me a bike. I was bought a bike(by her).A bike was bought for me(by her).2、若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加to。此类动词为感官动词（如：feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch）和使役动词（如：
6、make,have,let等）。E.g.(1)We saw him play football on the playground. He was seen to play football on the playground. （2）The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).3、短语动词是一个整体变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。（如：set up,pay attention to,take good care of,hear o
7、f，listen to,look after）E.g(1).The children were taken good care of (by her).(2)Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.4、含有情态动词和be going to,be to,ought to,used to,have to等的结构变被动语态，需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分词。E.g.We ought to finish the work on time. The work ought to be finished on time
8、.5、当句子的谓语为say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等时，被动语态有两种形式：（A）谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。（B）用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语在后面用主语从句来表示。E.g.（A）People say he is a smart boy. It is said that he is a smart boy. He is said to be a smart boy. （B） People know paper was made in China first. It is known that pap
9、er was made in China first. Paper was known to be made in China first.类似句型有：It is said that It is reported that It is believed thatIt is hoped thatIt is well known that It is thought thatIt is suggested that据建议,It is taken granted that被视为当然,It has been decided thatIt must be remember that务必记住的是等。E.g
10、.It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.6、不能用被动语态的几种情况：（1）动词sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run, sell,fill,drive等与well, smoothly, easily等连用时，说明主语内在的“性能”“特点”，用主动代替被动。E.g.This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。 The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat wont keep lo
11、ng in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。（2）不及物动词及一些固定短语不能用被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place,come up, run out（用完）, give out（耗尽）, go out（熄灭）, come out（出版）, come to light, b
12、elong to, die out, own, have, possess, own,take part in,occur,make a face, lose in thought等。E.g.After the fire, very little remained of my house. The accident happened last week. The white house belongs to Tom.【注】rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。（3）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last,hold,benefit,contain,equa
13、l,fit,join,mean,look like,consist of等。E.g.The hall can hold 300 people.（4）表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。E.g.I hated going to park in winter.7、主动形式表被动意义：（1）当feel,look,smell,taste,sound,prove,turn out等系动词的主动式形容词;当cut、read、sell、wear、write等词被well, smoothly, easily修饰时; 当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启
14、动”等意义时。E.g.The apples taste good. The door wont lock. The news proved/turned out true. Cotton feels soft.【注】prove也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.（2）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意时。E.g.The plan worked out successfully. The lamps on the wall turn off.（3）want,
15、require, need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。E.g.These flowers need watering.或 These flowers need to be watered（4）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。 E.g.The film is worth seeing.（5）不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系,用主动代被动。常见形容词有：hard,defficult,easy,heavy,fit,good,comfortable,convenient,impossible等.E.g.The question is difficult to answ
16、er（6）be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。E.g.The house is to rent. 。（7）介词in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义：表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：under control (受控制)，under treatment (在治疗中)，under repair (在修理中)，under discussion (在讨论中)，under construction (在施工中)， beyond ones control (
17、无法控制)， for sale (出售)，for rent (出租)， in sight (在视野范围内)，on sale (出售)，on show (展出)，on trial (受审)，out of control (控制不了)，out of sight (超出视线之外)，out of ones reach (够不着)，out of fashion (不流行)。E.g. The building is under construction (is being constructed). Today some treasures are on show in the museum ( = are being showed).8、被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况：（1）be seated坐着（2）be hidden躲藏（3）be lost迷路（4）be drunk喝醉 （5）be dressed穿着 (6)be determined (7) be pleased (8) be graduated (from) (9)be finished (10)be prepared (for) (11)be occupied (in) (12)get married E.g.The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.