1、2017年高考英语总动员阅读理解 7.专题精讲阅读理解既是英语的学习目的,也是高考的重要考查题型,分值比重最大,是拉分差距最大的题型,更是选拔优秀生的重要依据之一,所以不管是从阅读能力和技巧还是从解题策略方面,都要进行科学和系统的强化训练。一 细节理解题细节理解题旨在考查学生对文章中具体细节的辨识能力。提问方式灵活多样,可涉及文章中的各种具体细节,如时间、地点、结果、原因、方式等。大体可分为直接理解题、语意转换题、多细节理解题之正误判断、细节性信息排序题等。【设题角度】1.直接信息理解题(1)According to the passage,who(what,where,when,why,ho
2、w).?(2)Mr./Ms.did sth.to .2.语意转换题(1)According to the author,.was caused by .(2)The reason.is that .(3)According to the passage,.3.是非判断题(1)三正一误Which of the following statements is false/not true according to the passage?All the statements are true except .In the passage,which of the following is not
3、mentioned?/The following are mentioned except .(2)三误一正Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?All the following statements are not true except .Which of the following sentences is right according to the passage?4.逻辑排序题(1)Choose the right order of the events given in the pa
4、ssage.(2)Which order of the following is right?【选项特征】最佳选项 干扰选项 可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案,但多数选项与原文可能不是完全一样,而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思。最佳选项的信息值之和等于或约等于原文中某句的信息值。与短文细节部分相吻合,部分相悖。符合短文细节信息,但不符合题干要求。符合常识,但不是文章内容。明显与短文细节不符或短文未提到。与原句内容极为相似,但在程度上有些变动。【典例示范】1.直接信息题答案在原文中可以找到。考生只要读懂文章的大意并简单地理解句子就能得出答案,属于低层次题。此类题型常用when,where,wh
5、ich,who,how much/many等疑问词提问。March 6thEyots and Aits ThamesIslands,by Miranda Vickers.The Thames has many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest.题干关键词试题答案 相关试题 解题思路 23.Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames?A.Miranda Vicke
6、rs.B.Malcolm Tucker.C.Chris Lewis.D.Liz Payne.答案为 A 项。题干问“谁会举行关于泰晤士河中的岛屿的讲座?”带着题干中的关键词the Thames 找到原句,便发现答案是Miranda Vickers。2.语意转换题很多细节理解题的答案的得出通常需要考生对选项进行一定的处理,而这种“处理”主要是指进行语意转换,即把原文中有关的语言(单词、词组、一个句子或几个句子)进行转换,来表达相同的意思,可以采用同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法来完成。November 7thThe Canal Pioneers,by Chris Lewis.JamesBrin
7、dleyis recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others inthe art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early“civil engineers”.试题答案题干关键词 相关试题 解题思路 21
8、.When is the talk on James Brindley?A.February 6th.B.March 6th.C.November 7th.D.December 5th.答案为 C 项。带着题干中的关键词 James Brindley 到文章中找到相应处,往后读得知,Chris Lewis 讲关于 Brindley 对于隧道工程的贡献,段首的“November 7th”是本题的答案。3.概括性细节理解题这类题目的信息不仅仅涉及文章的某一句话,还可能涉及文章的几句话,而且有时可能散落在文章的不同地方,因此要求考生把原文所提供的信息综合起来,而不能“断章取义”,也不能张冠李戴。Fe
9、bruary 6thAn Update onthe Cotswold Canals,by Liz Payne.The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play.关键词试题答案 相关试题 解题思路 22.What is the topic of the talk in February?A.The Canal Pioneers.B.Ice
10、for the Metropolis.C.Eyots and AitsThames Islands.D.An Update on the Cotswold Canals.答案为 D 项。题干中的关键词是 February。我们在文章找到相应段落,段落的第一句话便是本段的主题句。本段中的 the Stroudwater Canal,the Thames and Severn Canal 同属于 the Cotswold Canals。故 D 项是正确答案。4.正误判断题这类试题一般给出意思相近或相反的几个句子,要求考生辨别、判断或是变换词语、变换句子结构来考查考生对同一种意思的不同表达的判断能力
11、。做此类试题时,要读懂短文内容后再审读题目,把握每个待判断句子的含义,然后再通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句,依据文章内容对试题所给出的句子进行是非判断。Food festivals around the worldStilton Cheese RollingMay Day is a traditional day for celebrations,but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their
12、annual plans.Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes,roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.On the way,they must not kick or throw their cheese,or go into their competitors lane(赛道).Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about
13、four kilos(disappointingly,but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones).All the competitors are served with beeror port wine,the traditional accompanimentfor Stilton cheese.证明A项错 Fiery Foods FestivalThe Hottest Festival on EarthEvery year more than 10,000 people head for the city
14、 of Albuquerque,New Mexico.They come from as faraway as Australia,the Caribbean and China,but they all share a common addictionfood that is not just spicy(辛辣),but hot enough to make your mouth burn,your head spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held
15、over a period of three days every March.You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepperofficially the hottest pepper in the worldor any one ofthe thousands of products that are onshow.they 代指 10,000 people,证明 B 项错。证明 C项正确。But one things for sureif you dont like the feeling of a burning ton
16、gue,this festival isnt for you!La TomatinaThe Worlds Biggest Food FightOn the last Wednesday of every August,the Spanish town of Bunol hosts La Tomatinathe worlds largest food fight.A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events.The early morning s
17、ees the arrival of large trucks with tomatoesofficial fight-starters get things going by casting tomatoes at the crowd.The battle lasts little more than half an hour,in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes have been thrown at anyone or anything that moves,runs,or fights back.Then everyone
18、heads down to the river to make friends againand for a much-needed wash!表明tomato battle是在最后而不是在开始。故 D 项错。相关试题 解题思路 59.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine.B.More than 10,000 Chinese take part in the
19、Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.答案为 C 项。A 项中的“beer or port wine”与第一段中的“All the competitors are served with beer or port wine,the traditional accompaniment for
20、 Stilton cheese.”不符。B 项与第二段中的“Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico.They come from as far away as Australia,the Caribbean and China”不符。D 项与第三段中的“A week-long celebration leads up to an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events.”不符。C项与第二段中的“Yo
21、u might like to try.or any one of the thousands of products that are on show.”相符。二 主旨归纳题主旨归纳题考查对短文整体或某一段落的理解和概括能力。它可以是对文章或段落中心的陈述,也可以是文章标题的选择。【设题角度】1.标题归纳题The best title/headline of the passage must be .2.主旨归纳题(1)The main idea/key point of the passage is that .(2)From the passage we know that .(3)Th
22、e story mainly tells us that .(4)What does the writer mainly tell us?(5)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with .(6)Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?(7)Whats the authors main purpose?【选项特征】最佳选项 干扰选项 涵盖性强,覆盖全文。确定的范围恰当,不大不小。表述的程度和色彩与文章相符。太宽泛、太笼统。覆盖面偏窄,
23、在内容上只涉及某一细节信息或几个信息。与短文有部分交集,但偏离文章主题。【典例示范】1.标题归纳题标题归纳题主要考查对文章主题思想的把握能力和对抽象概括性语言的理解能力。文章的标题高度概括文章的内容,点明文章主题,且短小精悍,言简意赅。它既可以是单词、短语,也可以是简短的句子,甚至可以是疑问词加不定式结构或名词加同位语结构。常具有概括性和醒目性两个特征。做题时要注意利用主题段或主题句来概括标题。但大多数文章的主题句并不明显,这时候需要我们仔细体会字里行间的意思,从整体上把握文章的主要内容。把各个选项和文章的主要内容进行对照,找出意思最接近的选项,即最佳选项。When her five daug
24、hters were young,Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity(团结).To show this,she held up one chopstick,representing one person.Then she easily broke it into two pieces.Next,she tied several chopsticks together,representing a family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied
25、chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Daughter Elizabeth explains,“Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity,and to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the family,there is no business.”.Although they began with a small res
26、taurant,they had big dreams,and they worked together.Now they are a big success.相关试题 解题思路 63.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.How to Run a CorporationB.Strength Comes from PeaceC.How to Achieve a Big DreamD.Family Unity Builds Success 答案为 D 项。本文第一段是主题段,主旨是妈妈告诉孩子们家庭团结就有力
27、量。关键词是“family unity”。后文内容用实例支撑这一观点。作者一家人精诚团结,从家庭的小生意发展成一个大型的集团公司。最后一句话中的“a big success”是关键词,这样把“family unity”和“success”整合在一起便是 D项。2.文章和段落大意题此题型考查考生对整篇文章和每一段落抓要义的概括能力。做题时,我们要先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句,若无明显的主题句,就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,要务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此外
28、,还要注意一些转折词,如:but,yet,however,although,in spite of,by contrast,on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性的信息,准确归纳主旨大意。Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust.Food can also
29、have a specific meaning,and play a significant role in a family or cultures celebrations or traditions.Nutrition is necessary for life,so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.相关试题 解题思路 75.What is the passage mainly about?A.The custom of shar
30、ing food.B.The specific meaning of food.C.The role of food in ceremonies.D.The importance of food in culture.答案为 D 项。本文属说明文。第一段的“Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.”是主题句。后文内容从这两个基本的方面介绍了食物在交往方面的重要性。最后一段中的“such an important part of different cultures”回归主题,阐述了作者的观点:食物在世界不同的
31、文化中的重要作用,即 D 项。三 推理判断题推理判断题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上,从文章本身所提供的信息出发,运用逻辑思维,同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断的能力。此类试题包括推断细节隐含含义、观点态度、写作目的和意图、文章的出处、文章中人物的性格态度等。【设问角度】1.It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that .2.Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?3.In which of the following
32、publications(出版物)would this passage most likely be printed?4.The passage implies,but doesnt directly state that .5.The writer suggests that .6.The author probably feels that .7.The author uses the example of.to show that .8.Whats the authors attitude toward?【选项特征】最佳选项 干扰选项“立足原文,只推一步”,即根据原文内容,一步即可推出。
33、选项中一般不可以出现绝对性的状语,如only,never,all,absolutely 等。最佳答案的表述一般有一点儿模糊,会用一些相对留有余地的词汇,如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably 等。与常识相吻合,但并不是从短文内容推知的,不是基于文章。看似从原文推断出来的结论,然而实际上与原文不符。推理过头,引申过度。偏离文章主题,属主观臆断的结论。是短文内容的简单重述,而非推断出来的结论,把直接表达当作间接推理。【典例示范】1.细节推理判断题细节推理判断题属于深层理解题,要求根据语篇内容,推断具体细
34、节。做此类题目关键是要正确理解文章的真正含义,要忠实原文,千万不能主观臆断,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),assume(假定,设想)和conclude(推断,得出结论)。.Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls survival show Manvs.Wild.Thats where he learned
35、 the tips that saved his life.In each episode(一期节目)of Manvs.Wild,Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds,he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive
36、.与题干中的impression 对应,后面是答案。相关试题 解题思路 59.Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .A.did the right things in the dangerous situationB.watched Grylls TV program regularlyC.created some tips for survivalD.was very hard-working 答案为 A 项。根据最后一段中的“he was super impressed that Nicholas had made
37、it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.”可知,Grylls 这个人想表达一个小男孩能在如此困难的情况下成功逃生是难能可贵的,A 项正好能表达此意思。2.材料出处或读者对象题此类试题考查考生对文章的体裁和语言特色的把握能力。做此类题目应从文章的内容和结构来判断其出处。如果来源于报纸,前面一般会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称;如果是广告,其格式很容易辨认;产品说明和药品说明也很容易辨认。Join the discussion.Lakelander2 hours agoToday,a
38、 man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading,making many passengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it,though.Pak5057 minutes agoWhy not give it a try?Perhaps you should take lesson
39、s on a musical instrument.The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked a fellow train passenger to turn off his radio.When his request was refused,he took out his French horn(号)and started to practise.相关试题 解题思路 47.Where is the passage most probably taken from?A.A webpage.B.A newspaper.C.A no
40、vel.D.A report.答案为 A 项。根据首段中的 Join the discussion.可知,此处是让你用鼠标点击用的图标,由此推知这篇文章是来自网页。3.观点态度题观点态度题主要考查考生是否了解作者或文中人物对某事物所持有的观点或态度。做此类试题必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的观点和态度无非也就是三种:支持、赞同、乐观;反对、批评、怀疑、主观;中立、客观。作者的观点和态度常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达,如possible,impossible,seem,strange等。这时需要注意的是:一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观
41、点态度隐含在文章的字里行间,需要通读全文,才能做出正确的判断。(1)表示褒义的词语:positive赞成的;supporting支持的;praising赞扬的;optimistic乐观的;admiring羡慕的;enthusiastic 热情的;等。(2)表示中性的词语:uninterested无兴趣的,不感兴趣的;neutral中立的;impersonal不带个人感情的;subjective主观的;objective客观的;等。(3)表示贬义的词语:disgusted感到恶心的,厌恶的;critical批评的;negative 否定的,反对的;suspicious怀疑的;tolerant容忍
42、的,忍让的;worried 担忧的;等。The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter,so when the chance came for a weekend to Sarasota,Florida,my bags were packed before you could say“sunshine”.I left for the land of warmth and vitamin C(维生素C),thinking of beaches and orange trees.Whe
43、n we touched down to blue skies and warm air,I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.Swimming pools,wine tasting,and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours,not 4 in the afternoon)filled the weekend,but the best partparticularly to my taste,dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetableswas a 7 a.m.a
44、dventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.Disappointed by many a broken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的)promise,Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store,once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry,hard,and
45、tasteless.But I homed in,with uncertainty,on one particular table at the Browns Grove Farms stand,full of fresh and soft tomatoes the size of my fist.These were the real dealand at that moment,I realized that the best part of Sarasota in winter was going to be eating things that backhome in New York
46、 I wouldnt be experiencing again for months.dull属贬义词。纽约是作者的家乡。相关试题 解题思路 24.What did the author think of her winter life in New York?A.Exciting.B.Boring.C.Relaxing.D.Annoying.答案为 B 项。推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“The freezing Northeast hasnt been a terribly fun place to spend time this winter”可以推测出作者在纽约冬天的生活是令人厌烦
47、的,尤其是由第一段中的“dulled by months of.”可知作者认为在家乡纽约的冬季是枯燥乏味的;dull 与 B 项中的 boring 属同义词。4.篇章结构题此类试题主要考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力、对后文内容的预测能力和对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。做此类试题要把握文章的行文特点:(1)了解文章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲,常见的文章结构有三种:总分式结构(总分;总分总;分总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系,并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)。(2)了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲,常见的议论文结构有以下两类:Put forward a qu
48、estionAnalyze the questionSolve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程;Argument/IdeaEvidenceConclusion/Restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。(3)了解文章的修辞手法。从修辞手法上讲,在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中,“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法,是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力,以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落
49、或篇章的主题。通常的写作手法有:(1)顺序排列法。一是时间顺序法(time order)。时间顺序法通常用于叙述和分析的过程先发生什么,然后怎样,最后怎样。二是空间顺序法(space order)。空间顺序法通常可以让读者了解要描绘的场面,例如,从左到右、从前到后或按顺时针方向等。(2)举例法。它也是拓展主题的主要方法。举例法有两种形式,一种是首先陈述自己的观点,然后举出一个或多个例子阐明观点;另一种是先举一个例子,然后转入例子所要阐明的观点。作者常使用for example,for instance,a case in point等短语引出例子。(3)比较与对比法。有时为了说明某一事物,需要
50、与其他事物联系起来才能阐述清楚,这就是比较或对比(contrast or comparison)。(4)下定义法。下定义法是一种用简洁明确的语言对事物的本质特征做概括说明的方法。(5)因果法。使用因果法(cause and effect)写作段落通常回答“Why”的问题。1.The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but,unfortunately,full-sun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.
51、The change in how coffee is grown from shade-grown production to full-sun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds,and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.2.On a local level,the damage of the forest required by full-sun fields affects the areas birds and animals.T
52、he shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species(物种)that depend on the trees flowers and fruits.Full-sun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result,many species are quickly dying out.1.总2.分 3.On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full-sun coffe
53、e fields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life,and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition,new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually t
54、he worlds groundwater.4.Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate,and studies show that the loss of oxygen-giving trees also l
55、eads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic(酸性的)soil conditions.3.分4.分 5.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can p
56、urchase shade-grown coffee whenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.5.总 相关试题 解题思路 57.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?(P:Paragraph)答案为 A 项。文章第一段介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产的话题,第二、三、四段介绍了阳
57、光充足的咖啡生产带来的破坏,第五段说服人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植的咖啡,所以是总分总的结构,故选 A 项。5.写作意图题写作意图题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但要能理解文章的大意,还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。做此类试题必须要先了解文章的主题,然后分析作者的写作手法、论述的重点和材料的安排。Science has a lot of uses.It can uncover laws of nature,cure dis
58、eases,make bombs,and help bridges to stand up.Indeed science is so good at what it does that theres always a temptation(诱惑)to drag it into problems where it may not be helpful.David Brooks,author of The Social Animal:The Hidden Sources of Love,Character,andAchievement,appears to be the latest in a l
59、ong line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.Brooks gained fame for several books.His latest book The SocialAnimal,however,is more ambitious and serious than his earlier books.It is an attempt to deal with a set of weighty topics.The book focuses on big questions:What has science rev
60、ealed about human nature?What are the sources of character?And why are some people happy and successful while others arent?.相关试题 解题思路 67.The author mentions the functions of science at the beginning of the passage to .A.illustrate where science can be appliedB.demonstrate the value of Brookss new bo
61、okC.remind the reader of the importance of scienceD.explain why many writers use science in their works 答案为 D 项。首段第一、二句首先列举出科学的许多功能,接着指出科学有巨大的诱惑力,以致许多作家抵挡不住这种诱惑,在文学作品中用到科学。故选 D 项。6.人、物特点题此类试题考查考生对文中出现的人和事件恰当进行概括性评述的能力。做这类试题时要注意准确把握字里行间的意思,特别要注意表达感情色彩、主观态度和个人观点的词语对推断人或物特点的主导作用。Nothing could stop Dad.
62、After he was put on disabilityfor a bad back,he bought a small farm inthe country,just enough to grow food forthe family.He planted vegetables,fruit trees and even keptbees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColginschicken house in exchange for manure(肥料).行为 1行为 2行为 3 The smell really bur
63、ned the inside of your nose.When we complained about the terrible smell,Dad said the stronger the manure,the healthier the crops,and he was right.For example,just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell,and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in,Da
64、dthrew himself into cooking.One day,armed with a basket of vegetables,he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜).Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages,eggplants,potatoes,corns,onions and carrots.For about half an hour,the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally,Dad
65、 turned off the stove,the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dads pile of chicken manure was bad,this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid,the smell nearly knocked us out.行为 4这四个行为表明父亲对待生活的积极态度。相关试题 解题思路 37.What can we learn about Dad f
66、rom the text?A.He is an experienced cook.B.He is a troublesome father.C.He has a positive attitude to life.D.He suffers a lot from his disability.答案为 C 项。根据文章内容可知,父亲在患上背部疾病后,不愿意休息,而是自己经营着小农场,而且在收货后,还自创菜。故选择 C 项最为恰当,指父亲对生活有着积极的态度。四 词义、句意猜测题词义和句意猜测题考查考生根据上下文中的已知信息对单词、词组或句子的具体语义和代词、名词的指代问题进行合理推测的能力。涉及的
67、词语有四类:熟词生义、生僻单词、词组短语和代词。【设问角度】1.The underlined words“.”in Paragraph.mean“”.2.What does the underlined word“them/it.”in the last paragraph refer to?3.The underlined sentence in the second paragraph implies that .4.Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word“.”in the.paragraph?5.The und
68、erlined phrase“.”(Paragraph.)most probably means .6.By saying“.”(Paragraph.),.means that.【选项特征】最佳选项 干扰选项 与原文上下文联系非常紧密。可以通过上下文内容的提示确定,原文提示的方式一般有:定义和解释、描述和例证、同义和反义、平行关系以及构词法等。只是字面意思。我们熟悉但并不符合上下文的定义。与上下文似乎相吻合的错误定义。【典例示范】1.猜测词义题此类试题主要考查在特定语境中对于生词或熟词生义的猜测能力。做此类试题通常采用同义解释法、因果推断法、前后对比法、定义释例法、基本构词法和语境理解法。总之
69、,对于任何词汇的猜测都要基于对特定语境的理解和对主题的恰当把握。.Determined,Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didnt look that bad,and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell,it didnt offend the nose so much either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition,but
70、 it was surprisingly edible,and we drank up every last drop of soup.相关试题 解题思路 36.What does the underlined word“offend”in the last paragraph mean?A.To attract.B.To upset.C.To air.D.To shut.答案为 B 项。前面句子“after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell”意为“第一波已使我失去了嗅觉能力”,是后面“it didnt offend the no
71、se”的原因,再根据“we drank up.”判断 offend 属贬义词。B 项意义符合。2.猜测句意题句意理解题通常要求考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是谚语、格言警句或是人物的原话等,考生要通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意,只有紧密结合语境,才能既理解其字面意思,又理解其深层含义。.Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result.If men insisted on bein
72、g free from theburden of self-dependence and responsibility for thecommon good,they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens,the Athens of Ancient Greece,refused responsibility;she reached the end of freedom and was ne
73、ver to have it again.此处是前面一句的内容。相关试题 解题思路 68.What does the sentence“There could be only one result.”in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Athens would continue to be free.B.Athens would cease to have freedom.C.Freedom would come from responsibility.D.Freedom would stop Athens from self-dependence.答案为 B 项。很明显,这句话应该属
74、于引入或过渡性语句。后面的句子信息一定是答案所在,即:雅典人不会再拥有自由。3.猜测指代题代词通常指代上文已提到的内容。代词指代要注意在数、格、逻辑、意义和位置等方面与之接近的名词或句子。就位置而言,代词所指代的词句通常在本句或其上句中。只有把握代词指代所在段落或前面段落的整体意思,问题才能解决。.Thus,Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.Though,as children,we thought this was crazy,it would never have occurred to us to de
75、ny Papa a request.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignificant,it was never taken lightly.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment,always to the point.核心名词news最靠近it。相关试题 解题思路 61.The underlined wo
76、rd“it”in the second paragraph refers to“”.A.one new thingB.a requestC.the newsD.some comment 答案为 C 项。这里的 it 代指的是 news,代指的是前面的主语。根据该词附近的语境可以知道我们会谈论一天的新闻,不论重要与否,都不是可以等闲视之的。故选 C 项。要想顺利通过高考英语阅读理解部分,学生必须具备高中英语新课程标准规定要达到的词汇量和固定短语量,熟悉语法结构,拓宽知识面,熟悉各种题材和体裁的文章,提高阅读速度,提高通过阅读获取信息的能力。此外,在复习中,还应该注意以下几点:一、速读全文,了解大
77、意和主题阅读的目的是获取信息。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。高考要求的阅读速度大约是每分钟60个词。考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词(key words)、主题句(topic sentence),捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质,掌握文章大意。阅读时读者没有必要研读全文,速读的诀窍在于浏览文章的内容提要、前言、标题、副标题、插图、表格、开头和结尾等部分,这样就可以把握文章大意了。许多文章在第一段提出问题,在中间段落进行分析、例证,最后一段是归纳结论。抓主题句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。二、详读细节,理顺思路与
78、脉络文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文,有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心,以时间或空间为线索,按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事;议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素,通过解释、举例来阐述观点。你可根据文章的特点,详读细节,以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索,找出关键词语,运用“画图列表法”,勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。三、抓住主干,化解难句捕信息要实现快速、准确地理解文章大意,就要学会抓句子的关键成分,即句子的主干成分,如主语、谓语和宾语,因为它们是传达信息的主要载体,其他成分,不论它有多么长,多么复杂,都是辅助成分。要说明的核心问题是,我们阅读英语文章时,一
79、定要有一个全局观念,从宏观上来把握文章,做到了这一点,我们面对各类文章的各类题型都能够从容应对。比如:Another element in the emergence of prodigies(神童),I found,is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able nurture talent.只要我们抓住了“Element is a society.”就可以得知,社会是神童出现的一个因素。四、熟知技巧,轻松应考走捷径分析历届阅读理解考题,可以发现命题者命制的考点是有一定规律的,且考点规律常与某种题型(主旨题
80、、细节题、逻辑题、观点态度题、词义题)相对应。如果考生掌握了这些规律,就能在第一遍快速阅读短文时,敏锐地捕捉到考点并能预测可能会出的题型。下面,将这些考点的规律及对应题型归纳如下:考点规律1:举例子、打比喻处常考为了使自己的观点更有说服力、更加明确,作者经常用具体的例子打比方,句中常由as,such as,for example,for instance等引导的短语或句子作为举例句,这些例句或比喻成为命题者提问的焦点。考生需注意的是例子或比喻一般是和文章或段落中心紧密相关的,常以“细节事实型”题型和“推断型”题型出现,但偏于“推断型”题型。考点规律2:引用人物论断处常考作者为了正确表达出自己的
81、观点或使论点更有依据,常常引用某名人的论断或重要发现等。命题者常在此做文章,多以“推理型”题为主,有时也出“细节事实型”题型。考点规律3:转折处与对比处常考一般而言,转折后的内容常常是语义的重点,命题者常对转折处的内容进行提问。转折一般通过however,but,yet,in fact等词或短语来引导。对比常由unlike,until,not so much.as等词或短语引导。命题者常对用来对比的双方的属性进行考查。比如文章中说甲具有X属性,但乙与甲不同,问乙有何属性?答曰:非X属性。此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中,少数出现于其他题型中。考点规律4:复杂句式处常考复杂句常是命题者出题之处,包
82、括同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句,以及从句、不定式、副词等。命题者主要考查考生句子之间的指代关系,对文章段落之间的关系的理解,常以逻辑推理题型出现,包括少量其他题型。考点规律5:因果句处常考命题者常以文中的因果句命制一些考查文中两个事件内在的因果关系的试题,或出些概括文意、段意的试题。一般以“推理型”题型和“主旨大意型”题型出现,兼顾少量其他题型。表示因果关系的词考点规律6:特殊标点符号处常考由于特殊标点符号后的内容是对前面内容的进一步解释和说明,因此命题者常以标点符号后的内容进行提问。具体来说,特殊标点符号包括:破折号(表解释);括号(表解释);冒号(表解释);引号(表引用)。题型一般有推
83、理题、主旨大意题、细节事实题等。考点规律7:段首、段尾句处常考文章中第一段首句或末段末句往往是文章中心思想的表达处;有时某一段的段首、段尾句是该段的主题句。因此,命题者常在这些地方出题。题型基本上属主旨大意型。考点规律8:最高级与绝对性词汇处常考文中若出现must,all,only,anyone,always,never等绝对性词汇,或形容词与副词的最高级形式,往往是考点所在处,一般出“细节型问题”。因为这些地方概念绝对、答案唯一,无论是命题还是答题,都不会产生歧义。以上分析基本上概括了历届阅读理解题考点常考处及其对应题型。考生掌握了这些规律,在读文章时,就要在这些考点常出现的地方做些记号。阅读完毕后,这些做记号的地方基本上就是出题的地方。然后再对照后面的题目一一找到相对应的考点,再逐一做题。这样就避免做一题看一下整个段落,甚至全文,从而节省了时间。
