1、必备清单1 连系动词连系动词又称系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后面必须跟表语构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。类别概念例词例句状态系用来说明主语的性质或状态。be(am，is，are，was，were)China is definitely able to become the strongest in the world.中国肯定会成为世界最强国。持续系用来表示主语继续或保持一种状态或态度。keep，rest，continue，hold，remain，stay，lie，standNo one can remain youthful forever.没有人能永葆青春。表像
2、系用来表示“看起来像”这一概念。seem，appear，lookWell，it doesnt seem quite true to me that I am fascinating.哦，说我让人神魂颠倒，我觉得似乎太不符合事实了。感官系用来说明主语“感觉上”的状况。feel，smell，sound，taste，lookI felt awkward as everyone except me was in evening dress.我感到很尴尬，因为除了我，大家都穿上了晚礼服。变化系说明主语变成什么样。become，grow，go，get，turn，come，fallThe girl has
3、become skillful in reading and writing.那个小女孩变得善于读写。终止系表示主语已终止动作。prove，turn outI think it would prove impossible for me to mend the broken vase.我想要我补好这个破花瓶是不可能的。注意 有些动词，如feel，look等，既可用作实义动词，又可用作系动词。系动词常跟形容词作表语；实义动词则常用副词作状语。试比较：The newly-invented drink tastes quite unique.这种新研制的饮料尝起来挺独特的。(本句中taste用作系动
4、词，后接形容词作表语)The chef is tasting the fish carefully.厨师正在仔细品尝这条鱼。(本句中taste是实义动词，后面用副词作状语)系动词一般不用进行时，但在表示探询口气，使语气显得客气、生动、亲切时，可用进行时。I hope youre keeping well.(语气委婉)我希望你保持健康。Are you feeling any better？(语气亲切)你感觉好些了吗？系动词不用被动语态。The apple is tasted good.()The apple tastes good.()(因为taste是系动词，“尝起来好”是指苹果的性质，不用被
5、动语态)必备清单2 助动词协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫做助动词，其自身没有词义，不可单独使用。它与其他词一起构成时态、语态、疑问和否定等形式。助动词用法例句be构成进行时态(bedoing)They were discussing something about climate change.他们在讨论关于气候变化的事情。构成被动语态(bedone)English is spoken all over the world.全世界都讲英语。be表将来、命令、征求意见、约定等(be to do)We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow
6、 morning.我们明天早上7点在校门口集合。“have过去分词”构成现在完成时态She hasnt bought a new pair of shoes since 2006.她自2006年以来没买过一双新鞋。have“have been现在分词”构成现在完成进行时态He has been working in this factory for twenty years.二十年来他一直在这家工厂工作。构成疑问句Do you want to pass the TOEFL？你想通过托福考试吗？do“donot”构成否定句In the past，many students didnt know
7、the importance of English.过去，许多学生不知道英语的重要性。dont构成否定祈使句Dont be so absent-minded.别这么心不在焉。放在动词原形前，用来加强语气I did lose my temper.我确实发脾气了。do用于倒装句Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。do用于替代动词Do you like Beijing？你喜欢北京吗？Yes，I do.是的，我喜欢。(do在此处代替like Beijing)shall/will作为助动词与动词原形一起构成一般将来时I shall study har
8、der at English.我将更加努力学习英语。He will go to Hainan during the Spring Festival.春节期间他要去海南。should/wouldshould为shall的过去式，后接动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称；would为will的过去式，后接动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、三人称I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.我昨天给他打电话问我下周要干什么。He said he would come to my birthday party.他说他要来参加
9、我的生日聚会。注意 现在，尤其是在口语中，will常用于第二、三人称，但shall只用于第一人称，如用于第二、三人称，就失去了助动词含义，已变成情态动词。He shall come.他必须来。(shall有命令的意味)必备清单3 常用动词短语及其构成1.不及物动词副词“不及物动词副词”结构在句中直接作谓语，其后不加任何宾语。常见的此类副词有away，along，back，down，in，off，on，out，up等。break out爆发；break down坍塌，坏掉，失败，中止，(精神、身体等)垮掉；come up(计划、建议等)被提出；die away渐渐消失；get along进展；g
10、et up起床，站起来；give in屈服；go on继续；grow up长大；hold on坚持，等一会；look ahead向前看；pass away去世；run out(时间、物品)被用光；start off出发；stay up熬夜；watch out当心；wait up不睡觉，等候；wake up醒来。2.不及物动词介词“不及物动词介词”结构后需带宾语。常见的此类介词有for，about，over，after，into，at，to，on，across，with等。account for作出解释，说明；break into破门而入；call for去叫(人)，需要，呼吁；care for
11、喜欢，关心；care about在乎；come across偶然碰到；deal with处理，对付；get over克服；go about着手做；laugh at嘲笑；look after照顾；look into调查；run into碰到，偶然遇上；stand for代表；stick to坚持；wait for等候；wait on伺候。3.及物动词副词“及物动词副词”结构有的必须加宾语，宾语如果是人称代词的宾格形式(如：it，them，us，me，you，him，her等)，需将其放在动词和副词中间；如果是名词或nothing，everything等代词时，可以放在动词和副词中间，也可以放在副
12、词后面。有的不能加宾语，相当于一个不及物动词。add up加起来；break off折断，中止；bring in引进，赚取；bring up抚养，提出，呕吐；call off中止，叫停；carry out实施，执行；drink up喝光；find out查明，查出；get in收割；give away暴露，捐赠；hold up举起，阻止，抢劫；point out指出，指明；put off推迟；put on穿上，上演；put out使熄灭；put up举起，张贴；pick up捡起，接某人，加快；take off起飞；take down声音调小，拒绝；turn in上交；turn up出现，找到
13、；wear out磨损，使筋疲力尽；work out计算出。4.动词副词介词get away from逃离；get along with进展；get away with逃脱处罚；get down to开始认真做；get through to与通话；keep away from远离；keep up with与保持同步；keep on with继续做；live up to不辜负；look down upon/on蔑视，瞧不起；look forward to盼望；look out for警惕；make up for弥补；settle down to开始做某事；run out of用光；put up
14、with容忍；come up with提出；go in for喜欢；hold on to抓住；look about/around for到处寻找。5.动词名词make sense讲得通；make the bed整理床铺；make a bet打赌；make a bow鞠躬；make faces扮鬼脸；make fashion做样子；lose courage丧失勇气；lose heart灰心；lose interest失去兴趣；lose patience失去耐心；lose weight减肥；take action采取行动；take advice征求意见；take aim瞄准；take breath
15、歇口气；take care当心；take charge看管；take ones time慢慢来；take courage奋勇；take effect生效；take exercise做运动；take place发生；take power取得政权；take office就职。6.动词名词介词make contributions to对作出贡献；make friends with与交朋友；make fun of取笑；make peace with与讲和；make preparations for为作好准备；make progress in在取得进步；make room for为腾出空；make se
16、nse of理解，弄明白；make way for让路给；make use of利用；take advantage of利用；take care of照顾；take charge of负责，看管；take command of开始控制；take delight in乐于；take hold of握住；take notice of注意到；take part in参加；take pride in以为自豪。7.动词介词名词bring.to an end使结束；bring.under control使在掌控下；have.in mind牢记；keep.in mind牢记；keep.in touch使保持
17、联系；bear.in mind牢记；put.at ease使放松；put.into effect使生效；learn.by heart背熟；know.by heart熟记；take.by surprise使吓一跳；set.on fire点火烧；take.into account把考虑在内；take.into consideration把考虑在内。8.带宾语的动词短语burst into tears突然大哭起来；come into being形成；come into power执政；come into use开始被运用；come to the point言归正传；come into effect生效；go to bed上床睡觉；fall into pieces崩溃；put on weight长胖；stay/keep in touch保持着联系；get in touch取得联系。