1、2017年高考英语总动员阅读理解 6.分类解读（1）人物故事类文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 人物故事类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局,通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些故事是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的,在叙述的过程中有详有略;有些故事是按时间的顺序叙述的,有顺叙、倒叙等。(1)做推理判断题时不要以个人思维想象代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断,也只有这样才不会以偏概全。(2)对于事实细节题的解答,同学们切忌想当然或者凭印象,一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确选择。文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 从总体上来讲,故事类文章的难度通常不大,在阅读过程中,我们一直在某
2、个线索的引导下,随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末,因此会感到比较轻松。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手,考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。(3)若是一般故事性文章,应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局。(4)若是“哲理故事”,要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义。(5)若是“逸闻趣事”,应体会对话的风趣性,进而才能感受幽默的精髓。【典例示范】My color television has given me nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a yea
3、r ago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthday instead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool me into buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later,when I saw newspaper advertisements for the set at seventy-five dollars less than I had paid.The set wor
4、ked so beautifully when I first got it home that I would keep it on until stations signed off for the night.Fortunately,I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.Then I started developing a problem with the set that involved static(静电)noise.For some reason
5、,when certain shows switched into a commercial,a loud noise would sound for a few seconds.Gradually,this noise began to appear during a show,and to get rid of it,I had to change to another channel and then change it back.Sometimes this technique would not work,and I had to pick up the set and shake
6、it to remove the sound.I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.When neither of these methods removed the static noise,I would sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair
7、 shop cost me$62,and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble.21.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an older model than he had expected.B.He couldnt return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any
8、movie shows on it.22.Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programsB.provided fewer channelsC.changed to commercialsD.showed all-night movies23.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting it.B.By turning it
9、 on and off.C.By switching channels.D.By having it repaired.24.How does the author sound when telling the story?A.Curious.B.Anxious.C.Cautious.D.Humorous.【文章结构】【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。作者一年多以前购买的一台电视机让他头疼不已。首先是出现静电噪音,作者想了许多办法解决这个问题,直到最后作者不得不去修理店。21.C 细节理解题。由第一段第四句“I realized this a day later,when I sawnewspaper
10、 advertisements for the setat seventy-five dollars less than I hadpaid.”可知,作者之所以说自己是被欺骗购买那台电视机是因为他本可以用更低的价格购买它。故选 C 项。【难点分析】Fortunately,I didnt get any channels showing all-night movies or I would never have gotten to bed.幸运的是,我没有整个夜晚用电视看电影,要不然,我永远不会上床睡觉的。get sb.doing 使某人做某事。would never have gotten
11、是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。22.A 词义猜测题。由该词组所在的句子句意“当我刚把那台电视机带回家时,它工作得非常好以至于我把电视一直开着直到当晚所有的电视台都停播节目。”可推知词组 sign off 的含义是“停播所有的节目”。故选 A 项。23.D 细节理解题。由最后一段第二、三句“At last I ended up hitting the setwith my fist,and it stopped workingaltogether.My trip to the repair shopcost me$62,and the set is working wellnow,but I ke
12、ep expecting more trouble.”可知,当最终电视机不工作的时候,作者把它送到修理店修好了。故选 D 项。24.D 推理判断题。由第一段第一句中的“headache”,第二段最后一句“I actually began to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking myset.”以及最后一段第二句中的“hitting the set with my fist”以及最后一句“.but I keep expecting more trouble.”等,可以看出作者在讲述时,听起来非常幽默。6.分类解读（2）应用广告类文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 应用
13、广告类文章是必考文体,主要考查学生提取信息和处理信息的能力,包括对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合以及推理判断。其内容通常涉及产品推介、旅游服务、商务活动、人才招聘等。此类文章语言简练、用词严谨;段落层次相对比较分明,题目精练醒目;文章条理清晰,常用粗体字、斜体字或多种符号,使文章结构紧凑、明显;设问顺序一般按照文章段落的顺序,设问形式以细节题为主,兼有推断题、词义猜测题及作者写作意图题等。第一步,浏览标题、斜体、大写、黑体字、插图等,了解文章结构及大概内容。遇到生词或读不懂的地方,可以暂时忽略。第二步,阅读题干和选项,带着问题或题干中的关键词到相应段落寻找对应的关键词、关键句,仔细分析,做出
14、正确的选择。遇到推理判断、写作意图题,要特别注意首段和末段的信息以及文中描述的每个细节,经过分析、对比、综合考虑,选出正确选项。【典例示范】Share with us!Would you like to have your writing published in this magazine?Then let us know!We pay for stories,anecdotes and jokes:Anecdotes and Jokes$50Whats made you laugh recently?A funny sign?A colleagues behaviour?Got a jok
15、e?Send it in for Laughter is the Best Medicine!Email: Smart AnimalsUp to$100Send us a tale about the strange behaviour of unique pets or wildlife in up to 300 words.Email:Power of LoveUp to$150Acts of generosity can change lives or just give you that warm feeling full of love.Share your moments in 1
16、00-500 words.Email: My Story$350Do you have an inspiring or life-changing story to tell?Your story must be true,unpublished,original and 800-1000 words.Email: For more information,please visit:http:/ much will the magazine pay for a joke to be published?A.$50.B.$100.C.$150.D.$350.47.If you want to s
17、hare a story of your pets with the readers,you need to submit it to .A.Anecdotes and JokesB.Smart AnimalsC.Power of LoveD.My Story48.A story showing peoples generosity should be emailed to the editor at .ABCD49.An inspiring story sent to the magazine should .A.describe strange behaviourB.contain les
18、s than 800 wordsC.be real and originalD.be published before 【文章结构】【语篇导读】本文为广告。征求需要发表的有偿文章,内容包括:轶事故事、动物趣事、爱的力量、个人励志故事等。46.A 细节理解题。第一条广告标题的下面直接给出了稿酬$50。47.B 推理判断题。第二条广告中提到“Send us a tale aboutthe strange behaviour of uniquepets.”,所以宠物故事归于第二条广告的标题下。【难点分析】Acts of generosity can change lives or just give
19、 you that warm feeling full of love.Share your moments in 100-500 words.慷慨的行为能够改变生活或给予你充满爱的温暖感觉。用100 至 500 词分享你的生活瞬间。主语是 Acts of generosity,谓语是 can change 和 give。48.B 推理判断题。题干中的“Astory showing peoplesgenerosity.”指的是慷慨助人的故事,所以属于第三条广告 Powerof Love,其网址为:。49.C 最后一条广告对励志故事提出的要求是:“true,unpublished,origina
20、l and800-1000 words”,只有 C 项与原文内容相符。6.分类解读（3）社会文化类文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 社会文化包括经济、政治、文化、科学等各个方面,是高考英语阅读理解的热点题材。它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点,比如礼仪、语言、价值观、生活习惯等为主题。题材涉及社会、文化、教育、体育等方面的内容。一般一篇文章一个主题,以议论文和记叙文为主。命题方面,既重主旨把握,又重特定细节、推理判断。社会文化类阅读理解的设题一般都是以考查文章的细节为主,兼顾推理判断的能力。因此,考生答题时要能准确定位,根据试题要求到文章中去寻找相应的答案。做这类题时,考生的英语语言知识和社会常识都发
21、挥着重要的作用,遇到熟悉的题材时,若对题目把握不准,考生可以在立足文章内容的基础上结合社会常识来解答此类题。【典例示范】Have your parents ever inspected your room to see if you cleaned it properly?Imagine having your entire house,garage,and yard inspected at any time with no warning.Inspections were a regular part of lighthouse(灯塔)living,and a keepers reputa
22、tion depended on the results.A few times each year,an inspector arrived to look over the entire light station.The inspections were supposed to be a surprise,but keepers sometimes had advance notice.Once lighthouses had telephones,keepers would call each other to warn that the inspector was approachi
23、ng.After boats began flying special flags noting the inspector was aboard,the keepers family made it a game to see who could notice the boat first.As soon as someone spotted the boat,everyone would do last-minute tidying and change into fancy clothes.The keeper then scurried to put on his dress unif
24、orm and cap.Children of keepers remember inspectors wearing white gloves to run their fingers over door frames and windowsills looking for dust.Despite the serious nature of inspections,they resulted in some funny moments.Betty Byrnes remembered when her mother did not have time to wash all the dish
25、es before an inspection.At the time,people did not have dishwashers in their homes.In an effort to clean up quickly,Mrs.Byrnes tossed all the dishes into a big bread pan,covered them with a cloth,and stuck them in the oven.If the inspector opened the oven door,it would look like bread was baking.He
26、never did.One day,Glenn Fursts mother put oil on the kitchen floor just before the inspector entered their house.Like floor wax,the oil made the floors shiny and helped protect the wood.This time,though,she used a little too much oil.When the inspector extended his hand to greet Glenns mother,he sli
27、pped on the freshly oiled surface.“He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight,”Glenn later wrote.After he steadied himself,he shook Glenns mothers hand,and the inspection continued as though nothing had happened.66.What does Paragraph 1 tell us about the
28、inspection at the light station?A.It was carried out once a year.B.It was often announced in advance.C.It was important for the keepers fame.D.It was focused on the garage and yard.67.The family began making preparations immediately after .A.one of the members saw the boatB.a warning call reached th
29、e lighthouseC.the keeper put on the dress uniform and capD.the inspector flew special flags in the distance68.Mrs.Byrnes put the dishes in the oven because this would .A.result in some funB.speed up washing themC.make her home look tidyD.be a demand from the inspector 69.If the inspector had opened
30、the oven door,he would have seen .A.an empty panB.many clean dishesC.pieces of baked breadD.a cloth covering something70.The inspector waved his arms .A.to try his best to keep steadyB.to show his satisfaction with the floorC.to extend a warm greeting to Glenns motherD.to express his intention to co
31、ntinue the inspection 【文章结构】【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。对于灯塔守护者来说,检查员经常会在没有事先通知的情况下突击检查,而灯塔守护者也想出了一些办法来应对检查。这成了灯塔生活的常规组成部分。66.C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Inspections were aregular part of lighthouse(灯塔)living,and a keepersreputation depended on theresults.”可知,突击检查是灯塔生活的常规组成部分,而检查结果决定了灯塔守护者的信誉,故选 C 项。【难点分析】1.Imagine having your
32、 entire house,garage,and yard inspected at any timewith no warning.想象一下,未经通知就让你的整个房间、车库和庭院随时受到检查。imagine 后面跟动词-ing 形式作宾语,意为“想象做某事”。having your entire house.inspected 是“have sth.done”句式。have 意为“使”。inspected 是过去分词作宾语补足语,与宾语间是被动关系。67.A 细节理解题。由第二段中的“As soon as someonespotted the boat,everyonewould do la
33、st-minute tidyingand change into fancy clothes.”可知,一旦有人发现了检查员的船只,每个人就都会在最后时刻把一切整理好,并换好漂亮的衣服。68.C 推理判断题。由第三段可知,在检查之前,贝尔纳斯夫人没有时间清洗盘子,那时候也没有洗碗机。为了使房间看起来干净整洁,她把所有的盘子都塞进了烤箱。2.He came across that floor waving his arms like a young bird attempting its first flight.他走过地板,挥动着胳臂,就像是小鸟尝试第一次起飞一样。waving his arms
34、 是动词-ing 形式短语作方式状语,与主语之间是主动关系,与谓语 came across 同时进行。a young bird attempting its first flight 是动词-ing 形式的复合结构,作介词 like 的宾语。69.D 细节理解题。由第三段可知,贝尔纳斯夫人把所有的盘子都扔进了一个大的面包烤模里,盖上布,然后把它们都塞进了烤箱。所以,检查员打开烤箱门时会看到盖在烤模上面的布,故选D 项。70.A 推理判断题。由最后一段可知,格伦的母亲把油弄到了厨房的地板上,地板很滑,所以检查员滑了一跤。由此可知,检查员挥动着胳膊是为了保持平稳,故选 A 项。6.分类解读（4）环
35、保保护类文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 生态环保类阅读理解是历年高考命题的热点,该类文章常涉及以下几个方面:1.环境保护。主要包括减少乱排乱放,不能过度开发自然资源,不能破坏生态平衡。2.生态保护。主要包括防止濒危物种灭绝,防止土地沙漠化。3.环保生活方式。主要包括节约能源和降低资源消耗,杜绝浪费,崇尚低碳生活。1.读首句。生态环保类文章段落清楚,先读懂每段的首句以确保清楚文章的主要脉络。2.读题目。读题目来确认每一小题所在的段落。3.回查文章。找到所在段落后细查相关原文来确定答案。此外,解答生态环保类题目时,应重点突破推理判断题。常见类型有以下几种:(1)知识推断题。根据文章中所阐述的细节,运
36、用基础知识进行分析、推敲,从而得出与原文相符的结论。文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 4.人与自然和谐发展。解决人类发展过程中与自然界的矛盾,维护生态平衡,为人类创造可持续发展的环境。生态环保类说明文和议论文的结构通常是“引入主题特征分析/论证主题(事例、分析、比较)结论”。也会出现较多的长难句子。记叙文和夹叙夹议文的主题多数情况下需要我们把握情节的发展和人物的对话,从中得出文章的中心思想和作者的观点态度。(2)逻辑推断题。根据文章所列举的事实、所阐述的观点得出符合原文的结论。(3)对作者态度、倾向的推断题。作者的倾向和感情往往隐含在文章的字里行间,或流露于修饰的词语之中,因此,在推断过程中,应特
37、别注意文中作者的措辞。【典例示范】In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a
38、whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-
39、waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to es
40、cape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packagin
41、g(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that“the production,distribution,and use of productsas well as management of the resulting wasteall result in greenhouse gas release.”Indivi
42、duals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the startfor instance,buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste.If producers are required to
43、 take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal wit
44、h the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.58.By men
45、tioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that .A.the weight of e-goods is rather small B.e-waste deserves to be made good use ofC.natural minerals contain more precious metalsD.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste59.The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be exte
46、nded .A.from producers to governments B.from governments to producersC.from individuals to distributors D.from distributors to governments60.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The increase in e-waste.B.The creation of e-waste.C.The seriousness of e-waste.D.The management of e-waste.【文章结构】【语篇导
47、读】本文是说明文。面对越来越多的电子垃圾,应该怎么办?谁来负责?生产商?分销商?政府?还是个人?58.B 推理判断题。根据第二段后半部分的陈述可知,这份报告披露:与全部的电子垃圾相比,其中含有的贵重金属比例很低,但仍然比以自然状态存在的矿物中的含量要高。其中隐含的意思是:这些电子垃圾中的贵重金属值得好好利用。因此选B 项。【难点分析】A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison t
48、o total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.瑞士进行的一次调查报道,由珍贵金属代表的电子产品的重量,与所有的垃圾比较起来,相对很小,但其中的金和其他贵重金属的含量在所谓的电子垃圾中比自然的矿物质中要高。while the weight of.to total waste 是宾语从句中的让步状语从句,while 意为“虽然”。宾语从句中的主句是 the concent
49、ration of.minerals。59.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“totransfer both the costsand the physicalresponsibility.from thegovernment.to theproducers.”可知,这种责任应该由政府延伸到生产商。因此选 B 项。60.D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,面对越来越多的电子垃圾,主要的问题是:由谁来做些什么。也就是如何管理(manage),因此选 D 项。6.分类解读（5）史地常识类文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 史地常识类文章一般涉及某个国家、地区、河流、山脉、海洋、城镇等的地理位置以及与之相关的社
50、会生活、社会风情、政治经济、人文历史、自然资源、文化习俗、文化遗产等方面的情况,相当一部分文章还附有图表供理解或选择。多以说明文为主,且选材语言地道,话题丰富。1.史地常识类文章以说明文为主,英语说明文与其他文体一样,文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面,即:Who(文章主体是谁)What(主体做了什么)When(何时发生)Where(何地发生)How(发生的过程)Why(事件发生的原因)。文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 文章选材来源于英语国家的主要名胜或历史事件、历史年代;命题以细节题为主,有一定的主观推断题;涉及一定的地理常识或历史知识。对考生的背景知识有一定的要求。2.阅读史地类文章时,要重
51、点弄清楚各个地名、人名之间的相互关系和各个国家、地区或城镇之间的地理方位。如果文章或试题有附图或附表,一定要把附图或附表看懂、看明白。附图或附表的存在就是帮助我们更好地读懂和理解文章,辅助我们做好有关试题。【典例示范】No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rock n roll.Long-ago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones
52、 and rolled them across the sand,the scientists say.“Technically,I think what theyre proposing is possible,”physicist Daniel Bonn said.People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And theres no obvious answer.On average,each of the two million big stones weighed about as muc
53、h as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板).Then they would have
54、 dragged them along paths.To make the work easier,workers may have lubricated the pathseither with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts
55、 of fat,as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.However,physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way,who led the new study.West said,“I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought,Why
56、 dont they just try rolling the things?”A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides,he realized.That,he notes,should make a block of stone“a lot easier to roll than a square”.So he tried it.He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a
57、30-kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block
58、required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.West hasnt tested his idea on larger blocks,but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least,workers wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.46.Its widely believed that the stone blocks we
59、re moved to the pyramid site by .A.rolling them on roads B.pushing them over the sandC.sliding them on smooth pathsD.dragging them on some poles47.The underlined part“lubricated the paths”in Paragraph 4 means .A.made the paths wetB.made the paths hardC.made the paths wideD.made the paths slippery 48
60、.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?A.Rolling the blocks with poles attached.B.Rolling the blocks on wooden wheels.C.Rolling poles to move the blocks.D.Rolling the blocks with fat.49.Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?A.Because more force is needed for sliding
61、.B.Because rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.C.Because sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.D.Because less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.50.What is the text mainly about?A.An experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.B.An application of the method of moving blo
62、cks to the pyramid site.C.An argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.D.An introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.【文章结构】【语篇导读】本文为说明文。对于古埃及人用什么方式把巨大的石块推上金字塔一直是人们疑惑的问题。研究人员做出了不同的假想并进行试验求证。46.C 细节理解题。由第四段的“The most popular view is thatEgypti
63、an workers slid the blocksalong smooth paths.”可知 C 项正确。47.D 词义猜测题。由本句中的“either with wet clay or with thefat from cattle”可知,古埃及的工匠们用湿黏土和牛的脂肪使道路变得更光滑,lubricate 意为“使润滑”,所以 D 项正确。【难点分析】I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.我在电视节目
64、中看到雪橇如何帮助建造金字塔的时候,受到了启发。while watching a television program 是时间状语从句。showing.是现在分词短语,作定语修饰 program。might have helped 表示对过去发生的事情的猜测。48.A 词义猜测题。It 代指的是“A squarecould be turned into a rough sort of wheelby attaching wooden poles to its sides”这个道理,即给一个正方形石块拴上木棒,就可以把石块变成一个粗糙的、可以滚动的轮子,所以 A 项正确。49.D 推理判断题。根
65、据最后一段中的“.workers wouldnt have needed to carrycattle fat or water to smooth the paths.”可以推断滚动(rolling)对道路的要求比滑动(sliding)的要求低,故 D 项正确。50.D 主旨大意题。文章通过实验对比了两种古埃及人可能使用的运送巨石的方法:滑动(sliding)和滚动(rolling),结果证明滚动更简单易行。所以 D 项正确。6.分类解读（6）科普类文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 科普知识类文章是每年必考的话题之一,题材与当前科学技术方面的发展密切相关。此类文章将知识、科学和人文融为一体。科普
66、类阅读的语篇结构严谨、逻辑性强。这种解释类说明体裁和叙事类文章大不相同,它围绕着明确的主题,以严谨的逻辑结构展开,层次分明、段落清晰。科普知识类文章的设题一般都以考查文章的细节为主。因此,答题时,只要抓住主要信息,仔细比较题目与原文信息的异同,一般便可以做出正确选择。不过,这类题目的文章往往专业性较强,专业术语多,阅读起来较为困难。文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 从段落上,一般由导语(introduction),背景(background),主体(main body)和结尾(ending)四部分构成。主题句通常在句首或句尾。内容上一般由 who(谁的研究),when(什么时候做的研究),why(
67、为什么研究该内容),what(研究了什么),how(这项研究的原因)和 where(目前研究的现状,即:研究到什么地步或有什么样的意义)等组成。但是,这类题目的命题一般都很简单,且生词不会影响考生做题。因此,做题时要学会“跳读”,即要跳过有些不影响做题和理解内容的生词,只要抓住核心词句即可。【典例示范】Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep th
68、em off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when theyre in poo
69、rly lit places and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those
70、in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint,go blue.Dont forget the clock or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through th
71、eir meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easi
72、ly make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.25.The text is especially
73、helpful for those who care about .A.their home comforts B.their body shape C.house buying D.healthy diets26.A home environment in blue can help people .A.digest food betterB.reduce food intakeC.burn more caloriesD.regain their appetites27.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?A.Eat quickly.B.Pl
74、ay fast music.C.Use smaller spoons.D.Turn down the lights.28.What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Is Your House Making You Fat?B.Ways of Serving DinnerC.Effects of Self-ConsciousnessD.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?【文章结构】【难点分析】Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in w
75、hether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.专家说,你设计房间的方式对你是否增加体重可能有影响。【语篇导读】本文为说明文。你天天生活的家对你的身材有一定的影响,专家就把家变成节食计划的一部分提出了几点建议。25.B 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句可知,本文主要就如何把家变成节食计划的一部分提出建议,所以本文对那些在意体型的人更有帮助。故选 B 项。26.B 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句可知,像蓝色这样的冷色让人感觉不那么饥饿,故蓝色有助于减少人们食物的摄入量。you design your home 是定语从句,修饰先行词 the way。whe
76、ther.or.是介词in 的宾语从句。句中的 pounds 意为“磅”,表示体重。27.C 细节理解题。由最后一段第四句可知,使用大汤匙要比使用较小的汤匙摄入总量多百分之十四,故推出我们吃饭的时候要用小汤匙。28.A 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是家对人们身材的影响,故 Is YourHouse Making You Fat?与本文的内容相符,故选 A 项。6.分类解读（7）人物传记类文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 人物传记是记叙文体的一种,主要描写某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等,包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线,空
77、间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终,脉络清楚,可读性较强。这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法,即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人,接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程,然后再记述他(她)的一两件主要的事情或业绩,来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操,最后作者会对他(她)进行评论,从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。1.把握文体特征,注意写作手法。人物传记是记叙文体的一种,因此在阅读时要把握好时间、地点、人物和事件这四大要素。其次,还应该注意人物传记类文章的结构多按时间顺序排列,一般采用倒叙的写作手法,有时也采用插叙和补叙等手段。弄清楚人物传记类文章的特征和写作手法,能帮助考生在阅读和回答问题时做到高效省时、准确无误。文体攻略 文
78、体特征 解题方法 人物传记类文章一般较长,而且该类命题的题量也较多。文章中往往会出现关于该人物的大量细节信息,有些细节很直接,只需理解字面意思即可;有些则很间接,需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。因此,该类命题既注重考查对特定细节理解的准确性,又注重考查推理判断能力。2.抓住题干关键词,采用寻读的方法查找细节描述。细节理解题包括:对号入座题、词义转换题、是非题、排序题、指代理解题。在阅读时,首先看题目要求我们理解什么细节,找出关键词,然后以此为线索,运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语。认真比较选项和文中细节的区别,在正确理解细节的前提下,确定最佳答案。同时,建议阅读文章时把与答案
79、相符的句子或短语用红线标示出来,标号注上是哪一题答案的相关句子,这样在检查时就不必重新阅读整篇文章了。文体攻略 文体特征 解题方法 另外,虽然人物传记类文章的时间、空间或逻辑线索较清晰,但是为了提高难度,命题者往往使用倒叙、插叙或补叙等手段故意打乱故事的陈述次序,使行文的跳跃性增强,情节复杂化。3.解答推理判断题时,要注意吃透文章的字面意思,从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索,这是推理的前提和基础。注意文中所用词句的感情色彩,是讽刺性的,批评性的,赞成性的,还是反对性的,以便推测作者的观点和态度。【典例示范】Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to Afri
80、can American parents who were slaves.At the age of six months she was acquired,along with her sister,by John Ashley,a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder.She became known as“Mumbet”or“Mum Bett.”For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day,Ashleys wife tried to strike Mumbets sister with
81、 a spade.Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Furious,she left the house and refused to come back.When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet consulted a lawyer,Theodore Sedgewick.With his help,Mumbet sued(起诉)for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys,Mumbet had listened to many
82、 discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution.If the constitution said that all people were free and equal,then she thought it should apply to her.Eventually,Mumbet won her freedomthe first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.Strangely enough,after the trial,the Ashleys a
83、sked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee.She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.Mumbet died in 1829,but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔).One of her great-grandchildren was W.E.B.Du Bois,one of the founders of the NAACP,and an important writer and spok
84、esperson for African American civil rights.Mumbets tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads,in part:“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write,yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.”51.Wha
85、t do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?A.She was born a slave.B.She was a slaveholder.C.She had a famous sister.D.She was born into a rich family.52.Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?A.She found an employer.B.She wanted to be a lawyer.C.She was hit and got angry.D.She had to take
86、care of her sister.53.What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution?A.She should always obey her owners orders.B.She should be as free and equal as whites.C.How to be a good servant.D.How to apply for a job.54.What did Mumbet do after the trial?A.She chose to work for a lawyer.B.
87、She founded the NAACP.C.She continued to serve the Ashleys.D.She went to live with her grandchildren.55.What is the text mainly about?A.A story of a famous writer and spokesperson.B.The friendship between a lawyer and a slave.C.The life of a brave African American woman.D.A trial that shocked the wh
88、ole world.【文章结构】【语篇导读】本文为一篇人物传记。主要介绍了伊丽莎白弗里曼通过奋斗由一名奴隶到最终获得自由的传奇故事。51.A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“Elizabeth Freeman wasborn about 1742 to AfricanAmerican parents who wereslaves.”可知,她生来就是奴隶。故 A 项正确。【难点分析】When the Ashleys tried to make her return,Mumbet consulted a lawyer,Theodore Sedgewick.当 Ashley 一家人努力让她回去(为
89、他们服务)的时候,Mumbet 咨询了一位律师Theodore Sedgewick。本句中的 when the Ashleys tried to make her return 是一个时间状语从句,句中有一个冠词的用法:the+姓氏的复数形式。表示“一家人/夫妻两人”。52.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One day,Ashleys wife tried tostrike Mumbets sister with aspade.Mumbet protected her sisterand took the blowinstead.Furious,she left the houseand r
90、efused to come back.”她想保护姐姐,结果却挨了揍,一怒之下,她离开了。故 C 项正确。53.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“If the constitution said that allpeople were free and equal,then shethought it should apply to her.”一句可知她认为既然宪法规定人人自由平等,那么这也适用于她。故答案为 B 项。52.C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One day,Ashleys wife triedto strike Mumbets sister with a spade.Mumbet
91、 protected her sisterand took the blow instead.Furious,she left the house and refused tocome back.”她想保护姐姐,结果却挨了揍,一怒之下,她离开了。故 C 项正确。53.B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“If the constitution saidthat all people were free and equal,then she thought it should applyto her.”一句可知她认为既然宪法规定人人自由平等,那么这也适用于她。故答案为 B 项。54.A 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She declined andinstead went to work for Sedgewick.”可知她没有回到原来的地方工作,而是为律师塞奇威克工作,因此答案为 A 项。55.C 主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出,本文主要介绍了伊丽莎白弗里曼即 Mumbet 的生平事迹。故 C 项正确。