1、2017年高考英语总动员 阅读理解 1.主旨大意题（1）主旨大意题在阅读理解试题中所占比例及难度都相当大。主旨大意是作者在文章中要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心，是作者在文章中努力通过各种信息来阐明的中心话题。把握主旨大意对正确理解全文具有重要意义。主旨大意题旨在考查考生对文章大意的理解和概括能力。考题中往往出现下列词语：subject，topic，theme，title，main idea等。1采用浏览法抓住主题句。主题句通常在文章开头或结尾，而段落主题句有可能在一段的开头或结尾。主题句常出现在“总结性”语言的“信号词或短语”后，如：in summary，in a word，as a resu
2、lt，finally，in short，in conclusion和in brief等；主题句常出现在“转移话题式”语言的“信号词”后，如：but，however，nevertheless，hence等。标题的语言特点：独特新颖、概括性强、短小精悍。典例1 When her five daughters were young,Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity(团结).To show this,she held up one chopstick,representing one person.Then she
3、easily broke it into two pieces.Next,she tied several chopsticks together,representing a family.She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks.This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in Californi
4、a.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves,but one by one,the daughters returned to work in the family business.They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles.Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other,they worked together
5、 to make the business successful.Daughter Elisabeth explains,“Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity,and to have unity we must have peace.Without the strength of the family,there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996,with three generations of An
6、s working together.Now the Ans corporation makes more than$20 million each year.Although they began with a small restaurant,they had big dreams,and they worked together.Now they are a big success.63Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AHow to Run a Corporation BStrength Comes
7、 from Peace CHow to Achieve a Big Dream DFamily Unity Builds Success 解析 D 根据第一段“Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity(团结)”和第三段“to succeed we must have unity”与“and they worked together.Now they are a big success.”可知，文章主要讲的是家庭团结对取得成功的重要性。文章没有讲怎样经营一家大型公司，也没有提到怎样实现伟大梦想。典例2 Wealth s
8、tarts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time.Call it the piggy bank strategy(策略)There are lessons in that timehonored coinsavings container.Originally you had to break the bank to get to the money，bringing in a sense of seriousness into savings.While piggy banks teach children the wisdom of savin
9、g，adults often need to relearn childhood lessons.Think about the things in life that require large amounts of moneycollege education，weddings，cars，medical care，starting a business，buying a home，and fun stuff like great trips.So when you have money，take off the top 10%，put it aside，save and invest wi
10、sely.45The last paragraph talks about _.Athe seriousness of educating children Bthe enjoyment of taking a great trip Cthe importance of managing money Dthe difficulty of starting a business 解析 C 文章由piggy bank文化谈起，介绍它名称的由来及发展，最后告诫人们要及早明智地储备好自己的钱以备后用。由文章最后一段的叙述可知人一生中需要钱的时候很多，所以最后一句话告诫人们当有钱时要储存、明智地投资。s
11、o为总结性词汇，故可知答案选C项。2抓住段落大意，概括中心思想。寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找段落中心的基础上的。各段落中心的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。典例3 Suppose you become a leader in an organization.Its very likely that youll want to have volunteers to help with the organizations activities.To do so,it should help to understand why people und
12、ertake volunteer work and what keeps their interest in the work.Lets begin with the question of why people volunteer.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.For example,people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness,to expand their range
13、 of experiences,and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs,people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers,you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To incre
14、ase levels of community service,some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.Unfortunately,these programs can shift peoples wish of participation from an internal factor(e.g.,“I volunteer because its important to me”)to an external factor(e.g.,“I volunteer because Im required to do so”).
15、When that happens,people become less likely to volunteer in the future.People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a must.Once people begin to volunteer,what leads them to remain in their positions over time?64What is the best title of the passage?AHow to Get Peo
16、ple to Volunteer BHow to Study Volunteer Behaviors CHow to Keep Volunteers Interest DHow to Organize Volunteer Activities 解析 本文是一篇议论文。文章分析讲述志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会。文章首段提出假设：假如你是一名组织领导人，很想得到志愿者的帮助。并指出在此之前，必须弄清志愿者为什么自发地去服务社会，并通过3个实验研究志愿者的意图。因此A项(如何使人们从事志愿者服务)是文章的最佳标题。3抓住主线和关键，归纳文章大意。没有主题句的文章，可以分析每段的段落大意以及表现活跃的
17、高频词汇来确定主题，最后进行归纳总结。典例4 Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money.Strange as it may seem,if youre unsatisfied,the issue is not a lack of means to meet your desires but a lack of desiresnot that you cannot satisfy your tastes but that you dont have enough tastes.Real ric
18、hes consist of welldeveloped and hearty capacities(能力)to enjoy life.Most people are already swamped(淹没)with things.They eat,wear,go and talk too much.They live in too big a house with too many rooms,yet their house of life is a hut.Your house of life ought to be a mansion(豪宅),a royal palace.Every ne
19、w taste,every additional interest,every fresh enthusiasm adds a room.Here are several rooms your house of life should have.Sports,without which you remain poor,mean a lot in life.No matter who you are,you would be more human,and your house of life would be better supported against the bad days,if yo
20、u could,and did,play a bit.Whatever rooms you might add to your house of life,the secret of enjoying life is to keep adding.71What would be the best title for the passage?AHouse of Life BSecret of Wealth CRest and Refreshment DInterest and Enthusiasm 解析 A 本文强调的是精神追求，且文中多处出现了关键词life以及house of life，故可
21、确定答案是A项。该类题型中的干扰项与正确项有以下特点，同学们请注意：1.正确选项的特点(1)通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词。(2)能概括文章或段落的主要内容。2.干扰项的特点(1)以偏概全。概括的范围过于狭窄，只阐述了文章的一部分内容(也就是文章的局部信息)或文章主题的一个侧面。(2)断章取义。以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。(3)主题扩大。归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。(4)似是而非。关键词好像在文章中提到了，但认真分析之后会发现它与文章的内容毫无联系。(5)张冠李戴。命题者有意把属于A的特征放在B上。1.主旨大意题
22、（2）主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。通常以概括中心大意、选择标题以及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以将此类题设为高考试题具有很好的选拔作用。也可以说，此类题属于能力型题目。常见的命题方式有：1.What is the best title for this passage?2Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?3Whats the main idea of the text?4The main idea of the sec
23、ond paragraph is probably that _1标题归纳类主旨大意题考生在做标题归纳类试题时要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment wo
24、rk for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat
25、lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like
26、yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint，go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，
27、and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent mor
28、e when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入)jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.8What can be a suitable title for the text?_AIs Your House Making You
29、Fat?BWays of Serving DinnerCEffects of SelfConsciousnessDIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?A【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了墙壁的颜色、房间的亮度、吃饭的速度以及吃饭时使用的器皿大小等都与一个人的身材有关。因此A项“你的房子正让你发胖吗？”最适合做文章标题。B项“提供正餐的方式”，C项“自我意识的作用”，D项“你家的环境令人放松吗？”，均与本文的主题不符。方法点津领悟主旨要义 避免以偏概全标题归纳类主旨大意题考查考生对文章的领悟和概括能力。所选文章题目必须能概括全文的中心内容，即标题涵盖性强，能覆盖全
30、文；标题要体现主题，既不能“太大”，也不能过于片面，即标题所指的范围要恰当；标题准确性要强，表意准确，与文章的感情色彩相同。总之，考生应认真揣摩作者的写作意图，弄清文章的篇章结构，避免以下三种错 误：概括不够(多表现为部分代替整体)；过度概括(多表现 为人为扩大范围)；以事实或细节代替抽象概念的大意。2文章大意类主旨大意题一篇文章总是有中心思想的，获取文章中心思想的方法就是找主题句。主题句通常在首段或结尾段，但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。因此，在阅读时要对文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句给予特别的关注。At thirteen，I was diagnosed(诊断)with a kind
31、of attention disorder.It made school difficult for me.When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks，I could not.In my first literature class，Mrs.Smith asked us to read a story and then write on it，all within 45 minutes.I raised my hand right away and said，“Mrs.Smith，you see，the doctor said I
32、 have attention problems.I might not be able todo it.”She glanced down at me through her glasses，“You are no different from your classmates，young man.”I tried，but I didnt finish the reading when the bell rang.I had to take it home.In the quietness of my bedroom，the story suddenly all became clear to
33、 me.It was about a blind person，Louis Braille.He lived in a time when the blind couldnt get much education.But Louis didnt give up.Instead，he invented a reading system of raised dots(点)，which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind.Wasnt I the“blind”in my class，being made to learn like
34、 the“sighted”students？My thoughts spilled out and my pen started to dance.I completed the task within 40 minutes.Indeed，I was no different from others;I just needed a quieter place.If Louis could find his way out of his problems，why should I ever give up?I didnt expect anything when I handed in my p
35、aper to Mrs.Smith，so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next daywith an“A”on it.At the bottom of the paper were these words：“See what you can do when you keep trying？”39What is the main idea of the passage?_AThe disabled should be treated with respect.BA teacher can open up a new wo
36、rld to students.COne can find his way out of difficulties with efforts.DEveryone needs a hand when faced with challenges.C【解析】主旨大意题。作者是一个有注意力障碍症的学生，因为上课不能集中精力而不得不把作业拿回家去做，在安静的环境下终于完成了。阅读材料的内容也给了他很大的启发，说明只要不懈努力就一定能战胜困难取得成功。文章强调的是不懈努力的重要性，而不是对残障人士的尊重、老师对学生的作用或困境中的帮助，故A、B、D三项均有偏差，应选C项。方法点津确定选项内容是否切合文章的
37、中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。要从整篇文章出发归纳概括文章的主旨大意，切莫本末倒置、主次不分,避免以点带面、以偏概全，这样才能排除干扰，选出正确选项。3段落大意类主旨大意题每个段落通常都有一个中心，通常中心思想会在本段首句体现出来，即常说的段落主题句。一般来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后。若主题句出现在段首，则文章多为说明文和议论文。主题句也可能出现在段落的中间。有时作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father.He w
38、ould come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth.They said“yes，”but Serval would find their toothbrush heads dry.He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.59What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?_AHow Serval found out his kids lied to him.BWh
39、y Serval thought brushing teeth was necessary.CHow Serval taught his kids to brush their teeth.DWhat inspired Serval to invent the toothbrush.D【解析】段落大意题。第五段讲述了作者从自己的孩子刷牙中所发现的问题中得到了发明这款牙刷的灵感。第一句话可以作为中心句。inspire在本句中意为“使有灵感”。方法点津如何找准主题句找准主题句是确定文章主旨大意的主要方法。主题句在文中的位置：开门见山：提出主题细节支撑阐明主题；段末点睛：细节描述归纳要点概括主题；段
40、中点旨：细节描述归纳主题进一步解释。在阅读非故事性文章如科普说明文时，主题句尤其明显。有的文章的主题句不明显，隐含在段落之中，考生要注意辨别。1.主旨大意题（3）任何一篇文章都是围绕某一个中心思想逐步展开的，也就是说，每篇文章都有主旨要义。英语文章大多有主题段和段落主题句。阅读中，抓住了主题句就抓住了文章的灵魂。高考阅读理解中的主旨大意题(main idea,main theme,mainly about)、给文章选标题(title)、推断作者的写作目的(purpose,intend to)等题型，直接要求我们把握主旨要义。事实上，把握了文章的主旨对解答其他类型的阅读题也非常有帮助。完形填空和
41、语法填空也需要我们把握文章的主旨要义。因此，学会快速把握文章的主旨要义非常重要。要快速抓住文章的主旨要义就得采用略读法。略读就是重点看首尾段和每段的首尾句，迅速找出主题句，若有小标题的要特别留意。主题句在哪里？1.文体判断法(1)议论文的主题句通常在文首，有的在文尾，也有的首尾呼应。(2)新闻报道的主题句就是导语，即文章的首句。(3)有关反科学实验或调研结果的报道或科普类说明文，其内容主要包括“科研实验结果+实验研究过程”两大部分，文章主旨就是科研结果，因此主题句通常在文首，且常伴有according to a study,a studyshowed/proved,this is sugges
42、ted by the results of newresearch on,scientists recently reported,a study claimed等。(4)纯记叙文通常没有主题句，需要读者自己领悟，从中归纳提炼；但有的在文尾作者会发表感慨、感悟或就此发表议论，主旨也就在此；还有的先发表某种议论或感慨再讲一个故事或经历，主旨就在文首。(5)有的议论文或说明文，作者首先是描述一种现象或讲述一个故事，为将要说明的事或表达某人观点打下铺垫或提供背景，然后用this/that is.等承上启下的句子来点明文章要阐述的观点或主题，随后再进一步展开。主题句就出现在文章的中部。2.词句提醒法(
43、1)有but，however,in fact等语意转折的地方，其后通常是作者要表达的观点，即主题句。(2)作者表述观点之后通常会有for example来佐证，也就是说，在举例之前即为作者要表达的观点。(3)若是以问句开头的文章，其答句很可能就是文章的主题句，要着重理解。(4)在每个段落中或多个段落中反复出现的词语，很可能就是体现文章主旨的关键词，抓住了这样的关键词也就抓住了文章的主旨。2017年高考英语总动员 阅读理解 篇章结构题（1）把握文章的基本结构有利于理解文章主题。在近几年的高考题英语试题中出现了专门考查文章结构和写作手法的考题，在考试大纲中也明确要求考生“理解文章的基本结构”。高考
44、对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次。一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，二是按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。1.段落组织类题型 主要考查结构有总分：分总；总分总等形式。解答这种类型的题目，需把握全文的逻辑框架，理解段落与段落之间的关系：如并列，递进，转折，因果等，分析各段落与文章主旨之间的关系来确定全文的篇章结构特点。典例1 The production of coffee beans is a huge,profitable business,but,unfortunately,fullsun production is taking over the industry and brin
45、gingabout a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrownproduction to fullsun production endangers the very existence of,certainanimals and birds,and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level,the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects theareas b
46、irds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other special(物种)that depend on the trees flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growersdestroy this forest home.As a result,many special are quickly dying out.On a more global level,the destruction of the rainforest for full su
47、n coffeefields also threatens(威胁)human life.Medical research often makes use ofthe forests plant and animal life,and the destruction of such species couldprevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition,newcoffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally,and eventually
48、 theworlds groundwater.Both locally and globally,the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations(种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss ofshade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate,andstudies show that loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to a
49、ir pollution andglobal warming.Moreover,the new growing techniques are contributing toacidic(酸性的)soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects manyaspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.Butconsumers do have a choice.They can purchase s
50、hadegrown coffeewhenever possible,although at a higher cost.The future health of the planetand mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.57Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?解析 A 文章介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产给环境和生态带来的种种危害，呼吁人们不要购买这种咖啡，而要买对环境有利的产品。文章结构题。文章第一段介绍阳光充足的咖啡生产
51、的话题，二、三、四段介绍了阳光充足的咖啡生产带来的破坏，第五段说服人们去购买对环境有利的阴凉处种植的咖啡，所以是总分总的结构，故选A。2写作手法类题型 作者采用不同方法来组织文章，如：(1)时间顺序。按照时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展，或某一研究成果由过去到现在的发展情况。(2)空间顺序。按照事物的空间结构顺序，例如从左到右，从内到外，从整体到局部等进行描写或者说明。(3)举例。所列举的事物用来佐证观点，通常是数据、事例等。(4)类比。这类文章通常以对比事物之间的共同点或者差异为主。解答该类型题目，考生要准确理解文章主旨大意，清楚地把握文脉，即句与句，段与段之间的逻辑关系，弄清作者的写作思路，
52、才能做出正确的答案。典例2 Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways.Sharingbread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unityand trust.Food can also have a specific meaning,and play a significant role ina family or cultures celebrations or traditions.The foods we eat an
53、d whenand how we eat them are often unique to a particular culture or may evendiffer between rural(农村的)and urban areas within one country.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child,and food canplay a significant role.In China,when a baby is one month old,families nameand welcome
54、 their child in a celebration that includes giving redcolored eggsto guests.In many cultures,round foods such as grapes,bread,and mooncakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity.Nutrition is necessary for life,so it is not surprising that food is such animportant part of differ
55、ent cultures around the world.74The author explains the role of food in celebrations by _.Ausing examples Bmaking comparisons Canalyzing causesDdescribing processes 解析 A 文章主要讲的是食物和文化的关系。不同的文化里包含着不同的饮食传统和庆祝方式。食物通过两种基本的方式在扮演着沟通的角色。根据倒数第二段“In China,when a baby is one month old.In manycultures,round foo
56、ds”可知，作者主要使用了举例的方法来解释食物在庆祝中的角色。典例3 Why do Americans struggle with watching their weight,while the French,who consume rich food,continue to stay thin?Now a research by CornellUniversity suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affectweight.Researchers conclude that the French tend to st
57、op eating when theyfeel full.However，Americans tend to stop when their plate is empty or theirfavorite TV show is over.According to Dr Joseph Mercola,a health expert,the French see eating as an important part of their life style.They enjoy food and therefore spend a fairly long time at the table,whi
58、le Americans see eating as something to be squeezed between the other daily activities.Mercola believes Americans lose the ability to sense when they are actually full.So they keep eating long after the French would have stopped.In addition,he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to
59、buy canned and frozen foods for the week.The French,instead,tend to shop daily,walking to small shops and farmers markets where they have a choice of fresh fruits,vegetables,and eggs as well as highquality meats for each meal.After a visit to the United States，Mireille Guiliano,author of French Wome
60、nDont Get Fat,decided to write about the importance of knowing when tostop rather than suggesting how to avoid food.Today she continues to stayslim and rarely goes to the gym.In spite of all these differences，evidence shows that recent life stylechanges may be affecting French eating habits.Today th
61、e rate of obesityorextreme overweightamong adults is only 6%.However,as American fastfood gains acceptance and the young reject older traditions,the obesity rateamong French children has reached 17%and is growing.55This text is mainly developed _.Aby contrastBby space Cby process Dby classification
62、解析 A 在讲述生活方式对体重的影响时，本文采用了对比的方式，对比了美国人与法国人在生活方式上的差异，故答案是A项。篇章结构题（2）考试大纲明确要求考生“理解文章的基本结构”。高考对文章结构的考查主要涉及两个层次：一是按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构，二是按写作方法(论证方法)理解文章的结构。把握文章的基本结构有利于理解文章的主题。篇章结构题属于较高层次的考查，重在考查对整个文章内在逻辑关系的理解，对文章结构的清晰认识及对文中举例的目的等，看考生对整篇文章的整体理解如何。因此，把握全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系对理解文章的基本结构会有很大帮助。1按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构文章的体
63、裁有记叙文、说明文和议论文等，不同体裁的文章的组织方法是不同的。文章结构题主要考查考生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述的事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或在论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推测、归纳和总结的能力。主要设题形式：Which of the following shows the organization/structure ofthe passage?How is the passage organized?Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?Technological change is
64、everywhere and affects every aspect of life，mostly for the better.However，social changes that are brought about by new technology are often mistaken for a change in attitudes.An example at hand is the involvement of parents in the lives of their children who are attending college.Surveys(调查)on this
65、topic suggest that parents today continue to be“very”or“somewhat”overlyprotective even after their children move into college dormitories.The same surveys also indicate that the rate of parental involvement is greater today than it was a generation ago.This is usually interpreted as a sign that toda
66、ys parents are trying to manage their childrens lives past the point where this behavior is appropriate.However，greater parental involvement does not necessarily indicate that parents are failing to let go of their“adult”children.In the context(背景)of this discussion，it seems valuable to first find o
67、ut the cause of change in the case of parentsinvolvement with their grown children.If parents of earlier generations had wanted to be in touch with their collegeage children frequently，would this have been possible？Probably not.On the other hand，does the possibility of frequent communication today m
68、ean that the urge to do so wasnt present a generation ago？Many studies show that older parentstodays grandparentswould have called their children more often if the means and cost of doing so had not been a barrier.Furthermore，studies show that finances are the most frequent subject of communication
69、between parents and their college children.The fact that college students are financially dependent on their parents is nothing new；nor are requests for more money to be sent from home.This phenomenon is neither good nor bad；it is a fact of college life，today and in the past.Thanks to the advanced t
70、echnology，we live in an age of bettered communication.This has many implications well beyond the role that parents seem to play in the lives of their children who have left for college.But it is useful to bear in mind that all such changes come from the technology and not some imagined desire by par
71、ents to keep their children under their wings.70Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?_I：Introduction P：Point Sp：Subpoint(次要点)C：ConclusionB【解析】文章结构题。文章第一段是introduction，介绍了“新科技带来的一些改变常被误认为是态度的改变”的现象。第二段提出了第一个论点“父母在子女生活中参与度提高的现象通常被误认为是在试图安排孩子的生活”。第三段提出了第二个论点“父母更多的参与不一定表
72、明父母对子女不放手”。第四段针对第二个论点提出了分论点一“是科技的进步导致了父母对子女生活更多地参与”。第五段针对第二个论点提出了分论点二(关键词Furthermore)“是子女经济不独立导致父母对子女生活的过多参与”。最后一段得出结论“多亏了高科技，我们能更好地交流，父母与孩子更多的沟通交流并不是想庇护孩子”。方法点津在解答此类试题时，考生应做到：一读，就是通读全文；二想，就是想一想每个自然段的主要内容；三归，就是把一些内容相同或关系密切的自然段并在一起，成为一个大段；四查，就是再把各段段意连起来，看是否能构成一个连贯的整体；五选，就是选出符合文章结构的正确答案。因此考生在阅读文章时要发挥自
73、己的逻辑思维能力，把握作者的写作思 路，这样才能准确答题。此类试题从段落组织方式上看有三 种类型：总分总；总分；分总。2按写作方法理解文章的结构作者可采用不同的方法来组织文章，如：(1)时间顺序，按时间先后顺序说明某一事物的发展，或某一研究由过去至现在的发展情况。(2)空间顺序，按照事物的空间结构顺序(从左到右，从内到外，从整体到局部等)进行描写或说明。(3)举例论证，用所列举的事物来论证观点，通常列举一些数据、事例等。(4)对比或类比，通常以对比各事物之间的共同点或差异为主。主要设题形式：The passage is mainly developed by_The second paragr
74、aph is developed by_The author develops the passage mainly by_How does the writer support the underlined statement in Paragraph 2?There are many places to go on safari(观赏野生动物)in Africa，but riding a horse through the flooded waters of Botswanas Okavango Delta must rank as one of the worlds most excit
75、ing wildlife journeys.Several safari camps operate as the base for this adventure，providing unique rides twice a day to explore deep into the delta.The camps have excellent horses，professional guides and lots of support workers.They have a reputation for providing a great riding experience.The morni
76、ng ride，when the guides take you to beautiful，shallow lakes full of water lilies，tends to be more active.It is unlike any other riding experience.With rainbows forming in the splashing water around you and the sound of huge drops of water bouncing off your body and face，it is truly exciting.You are
77、very likely to come across large wild animals，too.On horseback it is possible to get quite close to elephants，giraffes and many other animals.The sense of excitement and tension levels rise suddenly though，as does your heart rate，as you move closer to them.In the evening，rides are usually at a more
78、relaxed and unhurried pace，with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink.Sedatethough they are，rides at this time of day are still very impressive.As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses，the romance of Africa comes to life.Back
79、 at the camp you can kick off your boots and enjoy excellent food and wine.Looking back on your day，you will find it hard to deny that a horseback safari is as close as you will ever come to answering the call of the wild.51The author introduces the riding experience in the Okavango Delta mainly by
80、_Afollowing space order Bfollowing time orderCmaking classificationsDgiving examples【解析】篇章结构题。A项意为“按空间顺序”，B项意为“按时间顺序”，C项意为“归类”，D项意为“举例”。根据文中出现的The morning ride，In the evening，at this time of day和Looking back on your day可知，文章是按时间顺序进行描写的，所以选B项。B方法点津从论证方法上看，篇章结构题一般考查全文是用什么方式展开论述或组织起来的，或者是某一段在全文所起的作用。常见
81、的论述方式包括按照事情发展的顺序，按照时间的先后顺 序，按照人物的活动内容，按照地点和空间的位置变换，通过讨论、比较和描述等。段落在全文所起的作用一般有引出 话题、举例子和下定义等。不管是哪种形式的篇章结构题，都需要对文章深刻理解，把握文章的脉搏，特别是段与段之 间的逻辑关系，从而正确解决问题。篇章结构题（3）文章的标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式，其特点是：（1）概括性：短小精悍，言简意赅，多为一个名词性短语。（2）针对性：既能覆盖全文，范围又大小合适。（3）醒目性：能吸引人的眼球，能引起阅读欲望。以下三招可帮助我们提高解题速度和增加准确性。1.用略读法 跟解答主旨大意题相同，主要是略读，
82、即重点理解首尾段和各段的首尾句，迅速找出主题句，或根据文章内容自己归纳主旨要义，然后与各标题对照，看哪个选项与文章主旨大意相符。2.用写作法 先不看文章，浏览着各备选项，逐一设想，如果我用这个标题来写文章会写些什么内容呢，并构思结构框架，然后快速浏览全文，对照自己原有设想，一一排除不符者。3.研究备选项 研究备选项里面的中心词、各选项的修饰语及彼此差异、分析概括范围等。看是否以偏概全，是否只是某个细节等。逐一排除不符者。实际解题过程中，是综合以上三种方法的。篇章结构题（4）文章的基本结构就是指文章的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。另外，我们将主题的展开方式题也归在这一类，常见的提问方式有
83、：1.How is the passage mainly developed?2.The passage is developed mainly by _.3.How is the text organized?4.Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?解答此两类题，仍采用略读法，重点阅读首尾段以及中间各段的首尾句，根据各主旨及各段内在的逻辑关系来进行判断。另外，需掌握以下文体结构和说明方式的基础知识：1.议论文的基本结构有“论点(总)论据(分：可以有两个或多个论据)结论(总)”或“总分”或“分总”三类。一
84、个段落一般由表达核心思想的主题句（topic sentence)、围绕主题句而展开的支撑句子（supporting sentences）和结论句（concluding sentence）组成。2.说明文中常用的说明方式主要有时间顺序（order in/of time）、空间顺序（order in/of space）、逻辑顺序（如原因与结果、现象与本质等）、举例子（providing examples）、作比较（making comparisons）、分析原因（analyzing）、作诠释（giving explanations）、分类别、列数字、打比方、下定义、列图表、作引用、作假设、对比说明相异、类比说明相似等。顺便提提，掌握这些基础知识，对我们自己的写作也非常有益。
