1、A卷 阅读理解AAustralian English began separating from British English shortly after the foundation of the Australian penal colony(罪犯流放地) of New South Wales in 1788. British convicts sent there, including cockneys(伦敦东区的人) from London, came mostly from large English cities. They were joined by free settler
2、s, military personnel and officials, often with their families. However, many of the convicts were Irish, with at least 25% directly from Ireland, and others indirectly via Britain. There were other populations of convicts from nonEnglish speaking areas of Britain, such as the Welsh and Scots. The t
3、ransportation of convicts to Australia ended in 1868, but immigration of free settlers from Britain, Ireland and elsewhere continued.The earliest form of Australian English was first spoken by the children of the colonists born into the colony of New South Wales. This very first generation of childr
4、en created a new dialect that was to become the language of the nation. The Australianborn children in the new colony were exposed to a wide range of different dialects from all over the British Isles, in particular from Ireland and the southeastern part of England.The nativeborn children of the col
5、ony created the new dialect from factors present in the speech they heard around them, and provided a way for the expression of peer solidarity(一致). Even when new settlers arrived, this new dialect was strong enough to turn away from the influence of other patterns of speech.Records from the early 1
6、9th century indicated the distinctive dialect had appeared in the colony since the first settlement. In 1827 Peter Cunningham, in his book Two Years in New South Wales, described that the nativeborn colonists spoke with a distinctive accent and vocabulary, with a strong London influence.Anthony Burg
7、ess wrote that “Australian English may be thought of as a kind of fossilised(僵化的) cockney(伦敦腔) of the Dickensian era”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍澳大利亚英语的形成过程。1Who didnt go to Australia with the convicts?AMiners.BSoldiers.COfficials. DFree settlers.A解析：细节理解题。从文章第一段可知，随着囚犯到澳大利亚去的人中没有矿工。2Who created the earliest f
8、orm of Australian English?AConvicts sent to Australia.BFree settlers into Australia.CThe nativeborn children of the colony.DPeople from Ireland and the southeastern part of England.C解析：细节理解题。从文章第二段可知，在澳大利亚出生的孩子说话不同于自己的父母，是他们创造了最初的澳大利亚英语。3We can learn from the last paragraph that Australian English_A
9、had no identity of its ownBwas formed before the Dickensian eraCwas quite different from British EnglishDwas greatly influenced by London accentD解析：推理判断题。分析文章最后一段可知，两位作者认为澳大利亚英语具有明显的伦敦口音特征。4What does the text mainly tell us?AWho came to Australia first.BHow Australia was colonized.CHow Australian En
10、glish was formed.DWhat the earliest language in Australia was.C解析：主旨大意题。综合全文可知，文章主要说明澳大利亚英语的形成。BExperts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies. Most time the task is easily accomplished with parents reading or talking to their babies. However, in some cases
11、that is not possible due to busy work schedules or when kids are born deaf. Now, an adorable blueeyed robot, a human avatar, and some hightech neuroscience may be able to assist parents with this important developmental task.The Robot AVatar thermalEnhanced system, or RAVE, is the brainchild of a te
12、am of researchers led by LauraAnn Petitto, an educational neuroscientist, at Washington,DC.s Gallaudet University. The learning process begins when the robots camera, which is focused on the babys face, detects tiny changes in his/her body temperature. This, combined with the babys facial expression
13、, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the babys attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would. For example, if the baby points towards the screen, the avatar might respond，“Are you pointing to me？” and follow that up wit
14、h a nursery rhyme, fairy tale, or some essential social communication, all in American Sign Language (ASL). The“conversation”continues until the kid loses interest.The researchers, who have been testing the system for three years, found that babies as young as 6 to 8 months old began to move their h
15、ands in a rhythm similar to ASL after interacting with RAVE for just a few minutes. Petitto says natural language, whether communicated through speech or sign, activates the same parts of the brain and believes the rhythmic motions prove the babies are learning the essential elements of communicatio
16、n.What sets this technique apart from other methods, such as showing educational videos or television shows, is its interactive nature and realtime response to the babys actions. The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the systems longterm influence on baby communication, the ini
17、tial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.【解题导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，主要介绍了一种可以帮助父母教婴儿学习语言的系统，以及该系统的工作原理、效果评价和研究人员对这种技术的展望。5What can the RAVE system help parents do?AImprove babies health condition.BTake good care of babies.CDevelop b
18、abies language skills.DKeep babies company.C解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Experts believe that the best time to teach kids language skills is when they are babies.”可知，专家认为教孩子语言技能的最佳时间是孩子的婴儿时期；结合第一段尾句“Now, an adorable blueeyed robot, a human avatar, and some hightech neuroscience may be able to assist parents wi
19、th this important developmental task.”以及第二段中的“The Robot. a team of researchers”可知，RAVE系统可以帮助父母完成教婴儿学习语言的任务，故C项正确。6What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?AHow babies learn ASL effectively.BHow parents educate their babies.CHow robots talk and read to babies.DHow the RAVE system works.D解析：段落大意题。根据第二段
20、第二、三句“The learning.his/her body temperature. This, combined with the babys facial expression, causes the robot to turn its head and guide the babys attention to a computer screen, on which a human avatar starts to communicate with the baby, much like a parent would.”可知，机器人的摄像头可以检测到婴儿细微的体温变化并与婴儿的面部表情
21、相结合，使机器人转动头部，引导婴儿注意电脑屏幕，在电脑屏幕上，一个人类的形象开始与婴儿交流，就像父母一样；结合全段内容可知，该段主要介绍了RAVE系统的工作原理，故D项正确。7What indicates babies are learning with the help of the RAVE system?AInterest in videos and TV shows.BChanges in their body temperature.CImprovement in their natural language.DHand movements in a rhythm like ASL.
22、D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“babies as young. a few minutes”可知，在和这种系统交流互动之后，婴儿就会开始以类似于ASL的节奏晃动他们的手，故D项正确。8What do the researchers think of the RAVE system?APromising. BImpractical.CSatisfactory. DDisappointing.A解析：观点态度题。根据第四段第二、三句“The researchers say that while it is too early to determine the systems longterm
23、 influence on baby communication, the initial response has been very encouraging. Next, they plan to introduce an avatar that can both sign and speak to babies.”可知，尽管对这种系统培养婴儿交流技能的长期影响进行评价为时过早，但是其初期的表现令人鼓舞，研究人员将在下一步推出可以用手语和口语与婴儿交流的形象。据此可知，研究人员对这种系统的发展是充满着希望的，A项意为“很有前途的，大有希望的”，符合语境，故A项正确。CEnglish is
24、an important global language, but that doesnt mean its easy to learn. Many experts have tried to make English easier for students to learnbut they werent always successful.In 1930，Professor CK.Ogden of Cambridge University invented Basic English. It had only 850 words (and just eighteen verbs) and O
25、gden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours. The problem was that people who learned Basic English could write and say simple messages, but they couldnt understand the answers in “real” English. It was also impossible to explain a word if it wasnt in the Basic English word list.For exa
26、mple，if you wanted a watermelon, you asked for “a large green fruit with the form of an egg, which has a sweet red inside and a good taste”RE. Zachrisson, a university professor in Sweden, decided that the biggest problem for learners of English was spelling, so he invented a language called Anglic.
27、 Anglic was similar to English, but with much simpler spelling. “Father” became “faadher”， “new” became “nue” and“years” became “yeerz”. Unfortunately for some students of English, Anglic never became popular.Even easier is the language which a ships captain uses: its called “seaspeak”. Seaspeak use
28、s a few simple phrases for every possible situation. In seaspeak, for example you dont say，“Im sorry. What did you say？” or “I didnt understand. Can you repeat that？”Its just“Say again.” No more grammar.In the age of international communication through the Internet, a new form of English might appea
29、r. A large number of the worlds emails are in English and include examples of“NetLingo”like OIC(Oh, I see) and TTYL (Talk to you later). In another fifty years, English might not exist and we will probably all speak fluent“Internetish”【解题导语】英语是全球性的语言。为了让更多的学生掌握英语，许多专家试图让英语变得更容易学习但并不是很成功。9It will tak
30、e a person about_ weeks to learn Basic English if he spends two hours learning it every day.AsixBfourCthree DtwoD解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“.Ogden said most people could learn it in just thirty hours.”可知，每天学习两个小时的话，大约要用两周的时间。10According to Professor Zachrisson, what was the biggest problem for learners of Engl
31、ish?AGrammar. BVocabulary.CSpelling. DSpeaking.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“R.E.Zachrisson，a university professor in Sweden，decided that the biggest problem for learners of English was spelling.”可知选C项。11Which of the following is likely to be Anglic?AA graet batl.BIOU.CLong time no see.DTwo five, no lights.A解析
32、：推理判断题。根据第三段中“Anglic was similar to English，but with much simpler spelling.Father became faadher，newbecamenueandyears became yeerz”可知选A项。12What might happen to English in another fifty years?AIt might become a global language.BIt might be replaced by “Internetish”CIt might take the place of all othe
33、r languages.DIt might become more and more difficult.B解析：细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中“In another fifty years，English might not exist and we will probably all speak fluentInternetish”可知选B项。 七选五How to Pick a Great Book to ReadThe world is full of great books，just waiting to be read. How can you pick one youll real
34、ly like？Here are some tips：What makes you happy?1_ Are you really into dinosaurs or dogs or a specific person？Are there a few careers youre interested in？You can find books about almost anything you like，and youre more likely to enjoy reading a book if youre already interested in its subject.Fact or
35、 fiction?Some books are entirely made up and imagined. Those are called fiction books. Novels，short stories are all examples of fiction. These books can transport you to another world or help you imagine something beyond your own experience.Nonfiction books give you the who，what，when and why.2._ Non
36、fiction books can bring everything to life from the first trip to the moon to what its like to explore the deepest oceans.Try both fiction and nonfiction books to see which you like better.Find a family favorite.What was your mothers favorite book when she was your age？Or your dads？3._ Then you can
37、talk about what they liked about it and share your thoughts.Its a fun way to get to know your family a little better，and to find a book youll enjoy!Ask an expert.4_ Tell a librarian about your interestsrock stars，sports teams，historical events，whatever youre intoand the names of some books you alrea
38、dy like.Your librarian can help you find other books that youre sure to love.Launch a book swap.5_ Its always fun to see what your friends are reading.Even if theyre not exactly bookworms，you can all encourage each other to read and share books and authors you like.You also can look for book swaps i
39、n your area.Its a great way to build your personal library for free!AAsk them and give it a read.BMany of them read novels from start to finish.CWhy not get some friends together and trade favorite books?DIf you have a favorite hobby，look for books about that activity.EThey tell stories using factsb
40、ut that doesnt mean theyre boring.FRead the passage and decide for yourself whether it seems knowledgeable.GYour local library is a great place to find books that youll love，and you dont have to search all by yourself.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了选择课外书的方法，如根据兴趣爱好选择、找到家庭成员的共同爱好等。1D解析：根据本段最后一句和本部分标题“What mak
41、es you happy？”可知，本段主要介绍的是要根据自己的兴趣爱好选择喜欢的书；空处为该段总起句，反映该段主题，故D项符合文意。2E解析：根据该部分标题“Fact or fiction？”可知，该部分主要介绍纪实类书籍和虚构类书籍；该部分第一段介绍了虚构类书籍；据此可以判断，第二段将介绍纪实类书籍，故E项符合文意。3A解析：根据空处前两句可知，当你的父母在你的年纪时，他们喜欢哪些书？据此可以判断，空处建议向父母询问并阅读父母喜欢的书，故A项正确。4G解析：根据空处后的“Tell a librarian about your interests”可知，作者建议你告诉图书馆管理员你的兴趣；据此
42、可以判断，空处与图书馆相关，故G项正确。G项的“you dont have to search all by yourself”与本段的“Your librarian can help you find”相呼应。5C解析：根据空后的“Its always fun to see what your friends are reading.” “encourage each other to read and share books and authors you like”可知，看朋友正在阅读的书是很有趣的事情，要互相鼓励去阅读和分享你们喜欢的书籍和作者；据此可以判断，C项正确。B卷 阅读理解W
43、ild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man, a woman or a boy, a new study says. Thats what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya. Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown. It lets elephants figure out who
44、is a threat and who isnt. The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people, said study author Karen McComb.“Basically, they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，”said McComb, a professor at the University of Sussex in England.“Memo
45、ry is key. They must build up that knowledge somehow.”The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Its close to but not quite like the Dr. Seuss book, where the elephant Horton hears something that others cant hear.McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli Nat
46、ional Park in Kenya, where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans, sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water. The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men, who on occasion kill elephants, and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants.As a result, the elephants reacted more
47、 defensivelyretreating and gathering in a bunchto the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study coauthor Graeme Shannon.They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women. Since women almost never spear elephants，the animal
48、s reacted less defensively to the womens voices. The same thing happened when they substituted young boys voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，”said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of the study.【解题导语】研究表明野生大
49、象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。1Who were the people taking part in the study?AFrans de Waal and Karen McComb.BDr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon.CGraeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.DKaren McComb and Graeme Shannon.D解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“study author Karen McComb”和第六段中的“study coauthor Graeme Shannon”可知，Ka
50、ren McComb和Graeme Shannon都参加了研究，故选D项。2What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?AIdentifying and avoiding possible danger.BGrowing much faster than any other animals.CHaving a better understanding of humans.DDeveloping their language skills.A解析：推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is
51、 an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown. It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt.”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对他们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故A项是正确的。3Which can replace the underlined word “substituted” in the last paragraph?Adistinguished BrepeatedCused DcomparedC解析：词义猜测题。画线词所
52、在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices”，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，故选C项。4What does the passage mainly talk about?AWild elephants can distinguish human languages.BThe conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.CWil
53、d elephants use language skills to make discrimination.DWild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.A解析：主旨大意题。根据文章第一句中的“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选A项(野象能够区分人类的语言)。 完形填空It was an unforgettable weekend. I ha
54、d a great time at the 1 However，after I reached home, I noticed my owl necklace was 2 I was so anxious that I 3 every room in the house，but my efforts were 4 vain.Then I decided to head back to the beach. My husband thought I was 5 ，as the huge beach was nine miles from our home. How could I 6 one t
55、iny necklace？What if it came off in the ocean？I was 7 to even consider that as a possibility. I knew I had to try.After searching for several hours at the beach，I 8 an elderly man with a metal detector(探测器) in his hand. I 9 up to him and asked whether he had come across a necklace. He opened his han
56、d and showed me his 10 some coins. He said if he saw my necklace he would 11 return it to me. I also wanted him to have enough 12 to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address. Then I left.My husband 13 me and said that he would buy me a new one. But I turned down his nice 1
57、4 ，as that necklace couldnt be 15 It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that 16 necklace.There had been a yard sale in my community. Among the things that were put on 17 he found the necklace. Unable to 18 it，my dad offered to build a bookshelf for the owner as a(n) 19 Unexpectedly，th
58、ree days later，I received a package. Inside were a $5 bill and my owl necklace. The moment I saw the necklace，I couldnt help 20 【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在沙滩上把自己的项链丢失了，后又回到沙滩上寻找，但没有找到，最后项链被海滩上带探测器的老人找到并寄给作者的故事。1Acampus BbeachClibrary DmuseumB解析：根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，这里应该指的是在
59、沙滩上。2Abroken BstolenClost DdisappearingC解析：根据下文作者后来又去沙滩上找项链可知，此处应指项链丢失了。lost“丢失的”，符合语境。3Asearched BcleanedCoccupied DmeasuredA解析：根据上下文可知，项链丢失了，此处应该是在家里找。searched表示“寻找”，符合语境。cleaned“弄干净”；occupied“占据”；measured“测量”。4Afor BwithCin DatC解析：根据下文的“Then I decided to head back to the beach.”可知，在家里没有找到。in vain
60、表示“徒劳；白费功夫”，符合语境。5Acurious BanxiousCcareless DcrazyD解析：根据下文的“as the huge beach was nine miles from our home”可知，沙滩很大并且离家那么远。故在作者决定去沙滩寻找项链时，丈夫认为作者发疯了(crazy)。curious“好奇的”；anxious“焦虑的；不安的”；careless“粗心的”。6Afind out BlocateCdescribe DobserveB解析：此处表示在一个沙滩上找一个微小的东西。locate表示“确定的位置；定位”，符合语境，故选B项。find out“查明”，
61、一般宾语是抽象的东西；describe“描述”；observe“观察”。7Aunable BeagerCprepared DunwillingD解析：前一句说项链有可能掉进了海里，这样的话，项链就不能找到了。作者显然是不愿意这种情况发生的，所以选D项。8Arescued BnoticedCadmired DhiredB解析：作者寻找了几个小时后，不经意间看到(noticed)一个手里拿着金属探测器的老人。rescued“拯救”；admired“羡慕”；hired“雇用”。9Araced BwalkedCcrawled DapproachedA解析：根据上下文可知，作者急切地想找到项链，所以跑向
62、了老人。raced“快速移动”；walked“走”；crawled“爬”；approached“接近”。10Aachievement BequipmentCcharge DpriorityA解析：根据上文提到的老人手里拿着金属探测器可知，他在沙滩上寻找东西；再根据作者问他是否看到一条项链时，他摊开手，手上只有几个硬币，且根据破折号可知， 这里应该用achievement“成就”。equipment“设备”；charge“费用”；priority“优先(权)”。11Arandomly BgratefullyCgladly DsincerelyC解析：根据下文老人把找到的项链还给作者可以推知，老人
63、此时说的应该是如果看见项链他会乐意(gladly)把它归还给作者。randomly“随机地”；gratefully“感激地”；sincerely“真诚地”。12Atime BpostageCreason DabilityB解析：根据空后的“to mail it so I gave him a $5 bill and told him my name and my address”可知，作者给他邮资(postage)让他邮寄项链。13Apromised BremindedCblamed DcomfortedD解析：根据上下文可知，找不到项链的作者非常着急，丈夫要给作者买一条新的，这应该是安慰作者
64、的话，故选D。comforted“安慰”，符合语境。promised“承诺”；reminded“提醒”；blamed“责备”。14Agesture BinvitationCassistance DcommentA解析：本段第一句是丈夫安慰作者的话，只是丈夫展现的一个姿态(gesture)，nice gesture表示“友好的表示”。gesture“(表明感情或意图的)姿态；表示”；invitation“邀请”；assistance“帮助，援助”；comment“评论”。15Acompared BdecoratedCreplaced DrecognizedC解析：根据上文的“But I turn
65、ed down his nice_”和下文的“It was my dad who had found a special way to give me that _necklace.”可知，这条项链是其他项链无法替代的。compared“比较”；decorated“装饰”；recognized“认出”。16Asimilar BpreciousCtemporary DexpensiveB解析：根据上下文可知，那条项链很珍贵(precious)。similar“相似的”；temporary“暂时的”；expensive“昂贵的”。17Aschedule BoccasionCapproval Ddi
66、splayD解析：根据“There had been a yard sale in my community. Among the things that were put on _ he found the necklace.”可知，当时社区在进行庭院旧货出售，既然父亲发现那条项链，说明当时那条项链在展出(on display)。on schedule“按计划时间”；on occasion“间或”；on approval“供试用的，包退换的”。18Aafford BdevoteCpreserve DrepairA解析：根据下文的“my dad offered to build a books
67、helf for the owner”可知，当时父亲买不起那条项链，afford“承担得起的费用”，符合语境。devote“献身”；preserve“保持”；repair“修理”。19Aadvantage BdecisionCexchange DrewardC解析：既然买不起，父亲提出给项链的主人做一个书架以换取那条项链。advantage“优势”；decision“决定”；reward“奖赏”。20Alaughing BscreamingCexciting DcryingD解析：根据上文内容可知，作者的那条项链意义特殊，对作者来说非常珍贵，老人把它和作者给他的五美元邮寄费一起寄来，作者忍不住
68、哭(crying)了起来。 语法填空The “Pygmalion effect” is a theory saying that people will act or behave 1._ the way that others expect them to. The effect has its origins in a classic Greek story: Pygmalion, a(n) 2._ (talent) sculptor, created a statue of a beautiful woman and fell in love with it. He asked the
69、goddess Venus to give life to the statue, and his wish was granted. 3._ (create) according to Pygmalions idea of a perfect woman, the statue fulfilled his expectations when she 4._ (bring) to life. He married her and they had a happy life together.English playwright George Bernard Shaw expanded on t
70、his idea in his popular play Pygmalion, 5._ served as the inspiration for the better known My Fair Lady. In these dramas(戏剧), a professor transforms a lowerclass flower girl into an upperclass lady by 6._ (believe) in her and expecting the best of her.So far, many studies 7._(conduct) on the Pygmali
71、on effect in the classroom. Teachers are given information 8._ certain students are more likely to succeed than other members of the class. They often find that those students do perform 9._(well), even if they are not advantaged. Thats because the teachers words, body language and tone of voice con
72、vey positive expectations to those students. That 10._(actual) encourages them.1in解析：考查介词。in.way意为“以的方式”。2talented解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，意为“有才华的”，故填talented。3Created解析：考查过去分词作状语的用法。设空处作状语，又因create与主语the statue之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且create所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故填Created。4was brought解析：考查一般过去时的被动语态。由主句可知此处用一般过去时，又因主语s
73、he与bring之间是被动关系，故填was brought。5which解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明先行词Pygmalion，且在从句中作主语，故填which。6believing解析：考查动词ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词by的宾语，故填believing。7have been conducted解析：考查现在完成时的被动语态。由So far可知此处用现在完成时，又因主语studies与conduct之间是被动关系，故填have been conducted。8that解析：考查连接词。设空处引导同位语从句解释说明information的具体内容，且从句意义和成分均完整，故填that。9better解析：考查副词比较级。由are more likely to succeed than other members of the class可知，此处指“those students”确实比其他同学表现更好，故填better。10actually解析：考查副词。设空处修饰动词encourages，故填actually。