1、3.代词和it的用法2017年高考英语语法总复习 一、代词 1人称代词 人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格作宾语或表语。They like him.主格(作主语)Iyouheshe宾格(作宾语、表语)meyouhimher主格(作主语)itweyouthey宾格(作宾语、表语)itusyouthem 在非正式英语尤其是口语中，人称代词作表语时常可用其宾格形式代替主格。在比较状语从句中，有时也可用宾格代替主格(尤其是其后跟有同位语“all”时)。Who is it?Its me.He is taller than I(或 me)He is taller than us all.若可能引起误解，就不
2、能用宾格代替主格。试比较：He loves you more than I(他比我更爱你。)He loves you more than me.(他爱你比爱我更多。)2物主代词(1)形容词性物主代词只能用作定语，必须与名词连用。如：his pen，our books。形容词性(作定语)myyourhisher名词性(作主语、表语、宾语)mine yourshishers形容词性(作定语)itsouryourtheir名词性(作主语、表语、宾语)itsoursyours theirs(2)“形容词性物主代词own”常用来强调“某人自己的”，其后可跟名词。Dont use my pen.Why n
3、ot use your own(pen)?I want a car of my own.(3)“of名词性物主代词(或名词所有格)”构成双重所有格形式。如：a friend of mine。3反身代词 反身代词myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，oneself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves可在句中作表语、宾语和同位语。I am not quite myself today.(表语)He saw himself in the mirror.(宾语)I myself did it.(同位语)4相互代词(1)相互代词each
4、 other和one another表示相互关系，两者差别不大，一般用作宾语。Bill and Helen blamed each other.(2)each other和one another有所有格形式，可用作定语。They looked into each others eyes for a silent moment.5指示代词 指示代词有this，that，these，those，it，such，same等。(1)this，that，these，those的用法 作主语、宾语、表语和定语。this(these)常代指时间和空间上较近的人或物；而that(those)常代指时间和空间上
5、较远的人或物。This is my book and that is hers.this(these)常指后文将要提及的事物；that(those)常指前文已提及的事物。Now hear this.Meeting of all students on the playground in ten minutes!He didnt come.That is why he didnt know.that和those常可用来代指前文提及的内容，以免重复。The life in Japan is different from that in America.this和that有时可表示“程度”，作状语，
6、相当于so。I dont want that much.(2)such的用法 可用作主语、宾语、补语和定语。用作定语修饰单数可数名词时，不定冠词a(n)放在such之后。Such is life./He is such a kind man.(3)same的用法 可用作定语、宾语、表语、状语等，常与定冠词连用。Its the same kind of work，just a different department.6疑问代词 用于引导特殊疑问句。who，whom，whose用于指人；which和what可指人或物。(1)who通常作主语和表语，whom作宾语。在口语中，常用who代替whom
7、，但如果前面有介词，则仍需用whom。Who is he？(表语，问姓名)By whom was the book written？(介词宾语)试比较：Who is he？(问姓名或关系)What is he？(问职业或地位)(2)what，which均可作主语、宾语或定语。试比较：What sport do you like best？(不定范围的选择)Which sport do you like better，football or volleyball？(确定范围的选择)(3)whose可用作定语或表语。Whose dictionary is this？(定语)7关系代词 关系代词有w
8、ho，whom，whose，which，that，as等，用于引导从句。I like the book that was written by Shi Naian.用适当的代词填空 1The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than_in any other area of the city.2He is_a kind boy that he is always ready to help others.3The population of China is larger than_of Japan.4_should take
9、 over the work?5_is Tom？Is he a teacher?6_do you like better，English or Chinese?7As classmates，we should help_ 8Is this the_book as yours?答案 1.that 2.such 3.that 4.Who 5.What 6Which 7.each other 8.same.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market.The man rode the donk
10、ey and the son walked behind 1._.A man saw them and asked the son why 2._wasnt riding the donkey.Then the father let 3._ride it.4._man saw them and told 5._that they should 6._ride the donkey.So 7._both got on it.A woman who saw them said，“Tell 8._，why are you both riding that poor animal？9._looks s
11、o weak and tired.10._are so cruel！”Then，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge.When they were halfway across the bridge，the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.答案 1.it/them 2.he 3.him 4.Another 5.them 6.both 7.they 8.me 9.It 10.You 二、不定代词 1another，th
12、e other，other，others的区别(1)another“又一；再一；另一”，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”。I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face another day like that.Give me another ten minutes and I will complete the task.(2)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指，常用于one.the other.。Ill spend half of my ho
13、liday practising English and the other half learning drawing.(2010新课标全国卷)(3)other作前置定语，表示“另外的”。We study Chinese，maths，English and other lessons.(4)others作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in others，knives and forks.(2014福建高考)Some are singing and dancing，some are dra
14、wing，others are climbing the hill.2it，that，one，those的区别(1)it意为“它”，特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。I like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but I dont have enough money to buy it.(2)that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the单数/不可数名词。Few pleasures can equal that(the pleasure)of a cool drink on a hot day.(3)one用
15、来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an单数名词；ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词，也是泛指概念；the one用来替代前面的特指的单数名词，有时可用that替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；the ones用来替代前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。Helping others is a habit，one you can learn even at an early age.Why dont we take a short break?Didnt we just have one(a break)?Students who do well
16、 in examinations are those/the ones who ask questions in class.3no one，nobody，none，nothing的区别(1)no one，nobody表“没有人；谁也不”，只指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。常可用来回答who引导的问句。Charles was alone at home，with no one looking after him.(2)none“没人；没有任何东西”，既可指人，也可指物。none后可接of短语，常用来回答how many/much的问题。How many of you have seen t
17、he film?None(of us)(3)nothing意为“没有东西”，一般回答what。A smile costs nothing，but gives much.4all，both，either，neither，none的区别(1)all指所有的人或物，表示“(三者或三者以上)全部；都”。All I want is peace and quiet.(2)both表示“两者都”。Did you go to London or Paris last year?We went to both.A week in London and two weeks in Paris.(3)either表示
18、“(两者中)任何一个”。He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found either of them again.(4)neither表示“(两者)都不”。I tried two different methods，yet neither of them seemed to work very well.5each和every的区别(1)each和every都表示“每个”的意思，但each侧重个体，可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every侧重全体，相当于汉语的“每个都”，在句中只作定语。The tickets e
19、ach cost ten dollars.(同位语)Every dog has his day.(定语)(2)each代指两个或两个以上的人/物，而every需指三个或三个以上的人/物。Each of the two has won a prize.Every Chinese is pleased at the news.6few，little和a few，a little的区别 few和little表示“很少的”，含否定意义；而a few与a little表示“一些”，含肯定意义。few和a few代替可数名词，little和a little代替不可数名词。在句中用作主语或宾语。Of all
20、 the guests，he knows only a few.Few of them are famous.这组词更多用作形容词，在句中作定语。few与a few修饰复数可数名词；little，a little修饰不可数名词。He has few friends and lives a lonely life.用适当的代词填空 1You can ask anyone for help._ here is willing to lend you a hand.2Good families are much to all their members，but _to none.3When shal
21、l I call，in the morning or afternoon?_.Ill be in all day.4_can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.5To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then_of her colleagues.6Ive lived in New York and Chicago，but dont like_of them very much.7Although Rosemary had suffered
22、 from a serious illness for years，she lost_of her enthusiasm for life.8The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than_on the small ones.9At our factory there are a few machines similar to_described in this magazine.10Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is_ 11Half
23、of_surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.12Sophia waited for a reply，but_came.13Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him，but_of them wants to，because they have work to do.14My brother would like to buy a good wa
24、tch but_was available from that shop.15Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to_of McDonalds.16When he took his gloves off，I noticed that_one had his name written inside.答案 1.Everyone 2.everything 3.Either 4.Nobody 5.that 6.either 7.none 8.that 9.those 10.another 11those 12
25、.none 13.neither 14.none 15.those 16.each .语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with 1._But 2._was also a time when there were many great philosophers.Confucius(孔子)is the philosopher 3._influence has been the greatest.He stressed the importance of kindness，duty
26、 and order in society.Mencius(孟子)was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to 4._of Confucius.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.He thought that if the government was kind，then people would be good.He believed that people were more important
27、than rulers，and hated the state when 5._treated people badly.Mozi(墨子)was 6._teacher who was very influential.Born in 476 BC，he came from a family 7._was very poor.He became famous for 8._unusual clothes and behaviour.He founded the philosophy called Mohism.Mozi believed that all men were equal.He th
28、ought that we should love all human beings and look after 9._who are weaker than 10._ 答案 1.each other 2.it 3.whose 4.those 5.it 6another 7.that 8.his 9.those 10.ourselves 三、it的用法 1it指代前面所提到过的事情、事物；婴儿或身份不明的人，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。Ive broken a plate.It(Breaking the plate)doesnt matter.(指前面所提到过的事情)The Park
29、ers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指双方都明白的事情)Look at the baby.Isnt it lovely？(指人们对其性别还不太在意的婴儿)2it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词或不定式充当。It worries me that he keeps changing his mind.Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life f
30、or herself.As far as Im concerned，its no use arguing with him.He wont change his mind.3有些动词或动词介词后面接it，再加从句，构成固定结构。这类动词或动词介词有：enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate，have，take，put，help，see to，rely on等。I dislike it when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.They would apprecia
31、te it，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.How can I help it if people dont read the instructions?.用 it，one，the one填空 1Sarah made_to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.2If youre buying todays paper from the stand，could you get_for me?3No matter where
32、he is，he makes_a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.4We have various summer camps for your holidays.You can choose_based on your own interests.5We feel_our duty to make our country a better place.6Silly me！I forget what my luggage looks like.What do you think of_over there?7The two girls are so
33、alike that strangers find_difficult to tell one from the other.8Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.9An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.10Whos that at the door?_is the milkma
34、n.答案 1.it 2.one 3.it 4.one 5.it 6.the one 7.it 8.it 9.it 10.It.语篇填空(在下列空格中填入适当的代词)My friend Tony and I always walk home together after school，for 1._live in the same block and 2._of us go in for football.One afternoon on 3._way home，we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud shout behind 4._A
35、s we looked around to see what had happened，we found a middleaged woman lying on the ground，bleeding.We soon realized that 5._had been knocked down by the black car in front of her.We hurried to help 6._，but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Tony and 7._from getting closer to th
36、e wounded woman.So we got very angry with the man.How could 8._stop us from helping a dying woman？The man asked us to turn around and we were surprised to see 9._man carrying a video camera on 10._shoulder.They were just shooting a film!答案 1.we 2.both 3.our 4.us 5.she 6.her 7me 8.he 9.another 10.his