1、 技法指导解决问题类说明文，就是针对某一问题提出具体的解决方法并进行适当论述，给读者提供知识，使之掌握解决问题的方法。此类作文的篇章结构如下：第一部分：提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性；第二部分：列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径；第三部分：针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。黄金表达常用的开头语1One of the biggest problems facing the world today is global warming.世界所面临的最大问题之一是全球变暖。2As we all know, the global water shortage i
2、s becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.众所周知，由于全球变暖，全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。3There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和，全球变暖正是人类活动所致。4In order to avoid traffic jams, I strongly suggest some effecti
3、ve measures be taken.为避免交通拥堵，我强烈建议采取一些有效的措施。主体部分常用表达1In the first place, I would also recommend a balanced diet.首先，我也会推荐均衡饮食。2We should work together to fight against pollution and make our environment safer and more comfortable to live in.我们应该一起努力同污染作斗争使我们的环境更安全更适宜居住。3There is no denying the fact t
4、hat it is a serious problem; the government should take strong measures to deal with it.无可否认，这是一个严重的问题，政府应该采取有力措施来解决它。4The most important thing is that people should be made aware of the importance of environmental protection.最重要的是应让人们意识到保护环境的重要性。常用的结束语1If we are more environmentally friendly, the e
5、arths temperature may not rise too much.如果我们多善待环境，地球温度就可能不会上升那么快了。2As far as Im concerned, its everyones duty to protect the environment.依我看来，保护环境是我们每个人的责任。3Its high time that we did something about it.是我们该做些事情的时候了。写作规范题目要求假设你是李华，对探月感兴趣，现在写一篇短文，设想如何在假期到月球旅行，重点问题是如何克服吃饭和喝水的问题。要求：词数100左右。三步作文法第一步：搜索单元
6、词汇1重力gravity2飘浮 float3阻止做 prevent_._from_.4解决 solve5尝试 try/have_a_try6迟早；终于 in_time第二步：巧用单元语法和句型(一)根据汉语提示完成句子1如果我参观月球，会有一个问题。If I visited the moon, there_would_be_a_problem. 2我可能要面对一个问题。I might be_faced with a problem.3在地球上我们吃、喝都很容易。On the earth, it_is_easy for us to eat and drink.4在月球上，重力很弱。On the
7、moon, the_gravity_is_weak5食物会到处飘浮。The food will float_around/about6用这种方式，这个问题可以被解决。The problem would be_solved in this way.(二)根据所给要求，用以上句子完成句式升级7用定语从句连接句1、2If_I_visited_the_moon,_there_would_be_a_problem_I_might_be_faced_with.8用主语从句改写句3It_is_easy_that_we_eat_and_drink_on_the_earth.9用so . that .连接句4、
8、5On_the_moon,_the_gravity_is_so_weak_that_the_food_will_float_around/about.10用“only介词短语”放于句首的句型改写句6Only_in_this_way_would_the_problem_be_solved.第三步：连接过渡成篇If I visited the moon, there would be a problem I might be faced with: how to eat and drink.On the earth, it is easy for us to eat and drink. But
9、on the moon, the gravity is so weak that the food will float around. I would have to take all my food with me if I went to the moon.So it could be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily. Perhaps I would use a straw to do it. It can prevent the food from floating away.Only in t
10、his way would the problem be solved. I will have a try in time. 对应学生课下能力提升(十六).阅读理解I didnt go to Colorado to ski.I went because I was persuaded to attend a twoday class at the Bridgestone Winter Driving School there.Everyone in my family came along with me. The first morning, we sat in a small class
11、room and our instructor, Robert, told us what to expect. The course, he explained, was designed to make the cars slip and slide on ice and snow. “If you listen to us，” Robert assured the class, “youll be fine.”On a snowy day when I was 4, I had a car accident. I wasnt seriously hurt that day, but ov
12、er the years the shock transformed into anxiety. When it snowed, I often called another parent at the elementary school my daughter attends to ask if he or she wouldnt mind driving my daughter the halfmile to school in the morning.That first morning in Colorado, after we left the classroom and heade
13、d out to the track, my heart was racing. By the time Robert said, “Cristina, its your turn.” I was lightheaded. I carefully did what I was instructed to do but when I turned, I pulled the wheel too hard and hit a block of ice, my car turning almost 180 degrees. When the car came to a stop, I sat rig
14、id, trying to catch my breath. Part of me wanted to get out and never drive again. But I was sitting there safely, wasnt I? I had overcome one of my greatest fears losing control of the car. I even felt a little excited.For the rest of the class, I continued practising, and I got better enough so th
15、at a week later, when I arrived home and there was snow on the ground, I didnt even think about calling another parent to drive my daughter to school. “I can do this，” I told myself. And I did.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。作者由于儿时的一场车祸不敢在下雪天开车，为此作者专门去冬季驾校练习，终于克服了自己的恐惧。1In the classroom, Robert intended to help partici
16、pants to _Aknow each otherBbuild up confidenceClearn about the courseDput theory into practice解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“our instructor, Robert, told us what to expect. The course, he explained .”可知，Robert帮助学员们了解课程。2The accident made the author afraid to _Ahave kids in her carBdrive on snowy daysCdrive long
17、 distancesDbe in a car by herself解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When it snowed, I often called another parent at the elementary school my daughter attends to ask if he or she wouldnt mind driving my daughter the halfmile to school in the morning.”可知，一到下雪天作者就请别的家长帮忙送自己的女儿去学校。由此可推测，儿时的车祸使得作者不敢在下雪天开车。3What can bes
18、t describe the authors feelings after the first practice?AMixed.BPuzzled.CThankful. DRegretful.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I sat rigid, trying to catch my breath. Part of me wanted to get out and never drive again . I had overcome one of my greatest fears losing control of the car. I even felt a little excit
19、ed”不难看出，第一次练习结束后，作者既害怕又因为自己克服了恐惧而感到激动，心情很复杂。4What do we know about the class?AIts tiring. BIts helpful.CIts expensive. DIts interesting.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“there was snow on the ground, I didnt even think about calling another parent to drive my daughter to school. I can do this， I told myself. And
20、I did.”可知，再次遇到下雪天的时候，作者自己开车送女儿去学校，这说明作者克服了自己的恐惧，课程很有用。.任务型阅读Most of us believe that we know ourselves better than anyone in this world. But a lot of people are still strangers to themselves. Why? 1._ If you are one of those who want to know yourself better, these steps will guide you.Take some time
21、to write down things that you know very well about yourself your interests, likes, dislikes, preferences, hobbies, strengths, weaknesses, hopes, fears, dreams and so on. 2._ By creating a list of your personal characteristics that you are familiar with, you are keeping yourself in touch with yoursel
22、f.Take personality and psychological tests. The Internet has a rich source of free online personality and psychological assessments and tests. 3._Know yourself better by understanding peoples perceptions (看法) about you. 4._ Sometimes, you think you know yourself enough, but other people who see you
23、from their point of view can offer you some insights (洞察力) as to how you act and get understood by others. Be careful, however, to balance all perceptions to come up with an objective view about yourself.5_ Its a lifetime process. Every day you will be given new insights about yourself. Writing a jo
24、urnal will help you keep track of these new discoveries. Maintaining that hunger for knowing yourself better will make you more selfaware, which will open up new opportunities to enrich your life.AKeep on learning who you are.BBy answering them, you will understand more about yourself.CReflect on th
25、ese qualities and find out how they influence your life.DYou should have the confidence that you can do well in some fields.EPay attention to what your family, friends and teachers say about you.FSpend time comparing yourself with others, and youll know yourself better.GNot everyone is courageous en
26、ough to really achieve a better selfunderstanding.语篇解读：本文是说明文。介绍如何更好地了解自己。1解析：选G根据本空前“But a lot of people are still strangers to themselves. Why？”可知，该选项正好回答了为什么有很多人仍然不了解自己这一问题并不是每个人都有足够的勇气真正地达到了较好的自我了解，故选G。2解析：选C本选项中的“these qualities”指代前一句所列举出的个性特征，同时与后一句中的“your personal characteristics”所指的是同一事物，故选C
27、。3解析：选B本选项中的them指代前一句中的“online personality and psychological assessments and tests.”本句意为：通过回答这些测试，你会更多地了解自己。故选B。4解析：选E本选项承接上一句说明了如何通过别人对你的看法来更好地了解自己，即要留意身边的人是怎样评价你的，故选E。5解析：选A根据本段的内容可以概括出本段的主旨，即要持续不断地了解自己， 故此处选A。.完形填空When Iqbal Masih was four years old, his desperately poor, uneducated parents sold
28、him to a carpet maker for $200. For six years, Iqbal made carpets every day. He did not eat well and spent 14 hours a day _1_ over a carpet loom (织机). As a result, he was _2_ and his bones did not grow correctly. The _3_ in the air damaged his lungs.When Iqbal was _4_， Ehsan Ulla Khan, founder of th
29、e Bonded Labor Liberation Front (BLLF), _5_ Iqbal. Khan founded BLLF in 1988 to _6_ child labor in Pakistan. The organization has freed more than 30，000 children and runs its own schools.Iqbal went to school and then eventually _7_ the BLLF to work in support of Pakistans twelve million child labore
30、rs. Although _8_ and small, Iqbal was brave and _9_. As a worker with the BLLF, he spoke to children about their _10_ and worked to free as many as 3，000 children. He also traveled to the United States and Europe as an international _11_ for the BLLF. On these _12_ he made speeches asking for an end
31、 to bonded child labor. He also asked people not to _13_ Pakistani carpets because almost all of them were made by _14_Iqbal became an international _15_. In 1992, Pakistani carpet exports dropped for the first time in decades. Exports decreased further in 1993 and 1994. Although Iqbal was _16_ a yo
32、ung child, he became the _17_ of Pakistans carpet makers.On April 16, 1995, the carpet _18_ got their revenge (报复). Iqbal was shot and _19_ while riding his bicycle with a friend. His killers have not yet been caught. _20_， the work of this brave young man continues and the outrage (愤慨) against chil
33、d labor is growing all over the world.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Iqbal Masih做童工的经历和反对巴基斯坦雇用童工做地毯的故事。1A.bendingBwalkingCtalking Dsleeping解析：选A根据常识可知，织地毯时童工应该是弯着腰的，再结合下文的“his bones did not grow correctly”可推断，Iqbal每天长时间“弯着腰(bending)”织地毯。 2A.strong BprettyCdark Dtiny解析：选D由上文的“He did not eat well”可推断，Iqbal因为营养不良长得
34、很“瘦小(tiny)”。 3A.sound BfragranceCdust Dwater解析：选C由下文的“damaged his lungs”可推断，空气中的“尘埃(dust)”损害了Iqbal的肺。4A.four BsixCten Dtwelve解析：选C由第一段中的“When Iqbal Masih was four years old, his . parents sold him to a carpet maker for $200. For six years, Iqbal made carpets every day”可推断，Iqbal十岁时结束了童工生涯。5A.met Bfre
35、edChurt Dhired解析：选B由下文的“The organization has freed more than 30，000 children”及“Iqbal went to school”可推断，Khan使Iqbal获得了“自由(freed)”。6A.take advantage of Bfight againstCgive up Dturn to解析：选B由下文的“The organization has freed more than 30，000 children”可推断，Khan成立BLLF的目的是“反对(fight against)”巴基斯坦雇用童工。7A.started
36、 BneededCjoined Dforbade解析：选C由下文的“work in support of Pakistans twelve million child laborers”可推断，Iqbal“加入了(joined)”BLLF。 8A.silly BangryClazy Dsick解析：选D由第一段末的“As a result, he was . the air damaged his lungs”可推断，Iqbal“身体不好(sick)”。9A.smart BrichCmodest Dkind解析：选A下文提到Iqbal代表BLLF在美国和欧洲演讲并成功解救了很多童工，他还倡议人
37、们不要购买巴基斯坦的地毯。这说明他是一个“聪明的(smart)”孩子。10A.rights BgiftsCjobs Dfriends解析：选A上文提到Iqbal反对雇用童工，据此可推断他应该是向孩子们讲他们的各项“权利(rights)”，如受教育的权利。 11A.businessman BgentlemanCspokesman Dpoliceman解析：选C由下文的“he made speeches”可推断，Iqbal以BLLF的国际“发言人(spokesman)”的身份去了美国和欧洲。12A.facts BtripsCboards Dcarpets解析：选B由上文的“He also trav
38、eled to the United States and Europe”可知应选trips。13A.show BbuyCsell Ddamage解析：选B由下文的“In 1992, Pakistani carpet exports dropped”可推断，Iqbal请求人们不要“购买(buy)”巴基斯坦地毯。14A.machines BadultsCrobots Dchildren解析：选DIqbal反对雇用童工，并为此请求人们不要购买巴基斯坦地毯，因为几乎所有的巴基斯坦地毯都是“儿童(children)”制作的。 15A.star BwriterChero Dteacher解析：选CIqb
39、al反对雇用童工且工作效果显著，据此可推断，他成了国际“英雄(hero)”。16A.still BevenCalready Dalso解析：选A参见下题解析。 17A.supporter BpartnerCleader Denemy解析：选D由上文Iqbal号召人们不要购买巴基斯坦地毯及下文的“got their revenge”可推断，Iqbal虽然“仍然(still)”是个孩子，但是因为触犯了地毯制造商的利益而成了他们的“敌人(enemy)”。18A.designers BloversCmakers Dconsumers解析：选C上文提到Iqbal成了地毯制造商的敌人，要报复他的应该也是这
40、些人。故选makers。19A.punished BtouchedCfired Dkilled解析：选D由下文“His killers”可知，Iqbal被“杀害了(killed)”。 20A.Instead BHoweverCTherefore DOtherwise解析：选B“杀死Iqbal的凶手没有被抓到”和“反对童工的工作继续进行，人们对雇用童工的行为更加愤慨”之间是转折关系，故选However。.语法填空M：Miss Dermott, do you think, within a few years, many people could work at home instead of 1
41、._ (work) in offices?W：Oh, yes. Its happening now. You see, the communication industry 2._ (make) much progress in the last ten years.M：And how do these people manage to work? I mean, 3._ equipment do they have at home?W：Well, 4._ have a television set, a computer, a printer, and a telephone to keep
42、 in touch 5._ others.M：Oh, I see. Its certain that therere some advantages of being able to work at home.W：Yes. People dont have to spend a lot of time 6._ (get) to and from their work places. The rush hours, as everyone knows, are the 7._ (bad) time of a day to travel, and millions of people have t
43、o get up early.M：Oh, I see.W：In the future, a British firm, 8._ base is in London, might employ clerks in Belfast, and 9._ Paris company could have their secretaries in Spain, 10._ then they just are able to use a telephone and a computer to finish all the tasks.语篇解读：未来可能会有很多人只需要在家办公，不再需要在家和公司之间来回奔波
44、。1解析：working考查非谓语动词。instead of doing sth.“而不是做某事”。2解析：has made考查时态。in the last .years常和现在完成时连用。3解析：what考查疑问词。此处是指：在家工作需要什么设备。4解析：they考查代词。此处用they指代上文中提到的these people。5解析：with考查介词。keep in touch with . “与保持联系”。6解析：getting考查非谓语动词。spend时间doing sth.“花时间做某事”。7解析：worst考查最高级。结构为“the形容词最高级”。8解析：whose考查定语从句。w
45、hose引导定语从句，修饰“a British firm”。9解析：a考查冠词。首次提到“一家巴黎公司”，故用a表示泛指。10解析：and考查连词。句与句之间是并列关系，故此空填and。.短文改错Dear Peter，In your letter, you said you were afraid with the meeting for parents for which you had failed the exam. In fact, for most part, meetings for parents improved the communication between teache
46、rs and parents. The meetings help teachers and parents exchange opinions about students studies at school and home, but are beneficial to the improvement of teaching quality as well.As for your problem, I think youd better having talks with your parents and teachers. You can ask them to help you ana
47、lyze the reasons for your fail and ask them for effective learning method. Anyhow, studying hardly and improving your grades are the key to solving your problem.Yours，Li Hua答案：第一句：withof; 去掉which第二句：most前加the; improvedimprove第三句：studentsstudents; butand第四句：havinghave第五句：failfailure; methodmethods第六句：hardlyhard