1、Section Learning about Language&Using Language根据提示写出下列单词1_ vt.使迷惑；使为难2_ vt. 遗憾；惋惜n. 遗憾；懊悔3_ n. 生产；制造4_ n. 营养；滋养；食物5_ n. 发现；发觉6_ n. 焦点；中心点vt. 集中；聚焦7_ vt. 减少；减缩8_ vt. 画底线标出；强调9_ n. 总结；摘要；概要10_ n. 评论；议论vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论【答案】1.confuse2.regret3.production4nutrition5.discovery6.focus7.reduce8underline9.su
2、mmaryment根据提示补全下列短语1(be) in need _需要2cause damage _ 给造成损害3wash _ 将洗掉；洗净4build _ 逐渐增强；建立；开发5lead _ 导致；造成(后果)6_ addition 另外7focus _ 集中(注意力、精力等)于8keep.free _ 使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)【答案】1.of2.to3.off4.up5.to6.in7on8.from根据提示补全下列教材原句1Recently，however，scientists _ that longterm use of these fertilizers can c
3、ause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to peoples health.然而，最近，科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。2Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，_ such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。【答案】1.h
4、ave been finding2.making it ready for crops阅读P14教材课文，选择最佳答案1What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?ALongterm use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land and peoples health.BProblems caused by chemical fertilizers.CFarmers and customers turn to organic farming.DOther methods to ke
5、ep the soil fertile.2The organic farmers do the following things except _.Aadding fertilizers which are rich in mineralsBchanging crops every two or three yearsCplanting crops in different layers of the soilDplanting grass between crops to prevent the soil from being blown away3Which statement is WR
6、ONG according to the text?ALongterm use of chemical fertilizers can cause damage to the land.BChemicals in food can lead to cancer or other illnesses.COrganic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.DScientists believe some chemical fertilizers are better for people.4Which is not the r
7、eason why organic farmers prefer natural waste from animals?AIt can keep the food free from chemicals.BIt can keep the air，soil and water free from chemicals.CIt can kill harmful pests.DIt can make the soil richer in minerals.【答案】14CDBC confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难；混淆(教材P13)It is important to explain this aga
8、in or we will confuse the students.再把这一点解释一下非常重要，否则会使学生们感到困惑。(1)confuse A with/and B把A和B混淆(2)confused adj. 糊涂的；迷惑的；混乱的be confused by sth. 对感到困惑be/get confused about sth. 被搞糊涂了(3)confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的If youre confused about anything，phone my office.如果你有感到困惑的问题，给我办公室打电话。Be careful not to confuse
9、quantity with/and quality.注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。Slow to respond to the change，your body clock is confused(confuse)对于这种变化反应很慢，你的生物钟会被迷惑。confuse的现在分词和过去分词的区别confuse的现在分词confusing，意为“令人困惑的”，多用于修饰事物，confuse的过去分词confused意为“困惑的，糊涂的”，多用来描述人的感受。 regret vt.懊悔；为感到遗憾(懊悔、惋惜)n.遗憾；懊悔(教材P13)His father says that he has nev
10、er regretted sending his son to study abroad.他的爸爸说他从未后悔过把儿子送到国外学习。(1)regret doingregret having done.后悔做了regret to do. 遗憾去做(常跟动词say， tell，inform等)(2)to ones regret 使某人感到遗憾(可惜)的是(3)with regret 遗憾地I regretted having told him that.我很后悔把那件事情告诉了他。I regret to_say(say) that I cant help you.很抱歉，我不能帮你的忙。To ou
11、r regret，we missed the movie The Hunger Games Catching Fire.令我们感到遗憾的是我们错过了电影饥饿游戏2：星火燎原。 build up逐渐增强；建立；开发(教材P14)These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。写出下列各句中build up的含义 【导学号：10642007】Im very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually bu
12、ilding up.逐渐增多Lets take the responsibility to build up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.建立In view of the present situation，we have to build up other industries.开发put up搭建；张贴set up 建立；创办give up 放弃end up 结束；告终break up 打碎；解体；驱散A notice was put up on the wall.墙上张贴了一个通知。The marriage broke(break) up be
13、cause of constant quarrels.由于不断吵架，这段婚姻破裂了。Although she failed many times，she never gave up.虽然她失败多次，但是从不言弃。 lead to通向；导致；造成后果(教材P14)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.许多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。lead sb.to do sth.促使某人干某事lead sb.to a place 带领某人去某地lead the way 带路lead a.life 过生活What led
14、you to take up acting as a career?是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？We hired an Indian to lead the way.我们雇了一名印第安人带路。Although Tu Youyou is very famous，she leads(lead)a simple life.尽管屠呦呦很有名，但是她过着简朴的生活。lead to中的to是介词，后面应该接名词或动名词作宾语。与result in，bring about同义，意为“导致”。 focus on集中(注意力，精力等)于(教材P14)They focus on keeping their so
15、il rich and free of disease.他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。(1)focus ones attention/mind/eyes/efforts on/upon集中注意力/心思/目光/力气在in focus 焦点对准的，清晰的out of focus 焦点未对准的；模糊不清的(2)表示“集中(注意力、精力等)”的短语还有：concentrate on sth. 集中(注意力、精力等)于pay attention to 注意put ones heart into sth. 全神贯注于某事They focused all their attention on fin
16、ding a solution to the problem.他们集中全部精力寻找解决问题的办法。Some of the pictures seemed to be out of focus.有些照片看起来模糊不清。She concentrates on international affairs.她关注国际大事。 reduce vt.& vi.减少；减缩(教材P14)A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.健康的土壤可减少病害并促进农作物茁壮生长。reduce to.减少到increase
17、to. 增加到reduce by. 减少了increase by. 增加了be reduced to. 沦落为(to为介词)The plague reduced the population to half its previous level.瘟疫使得人口减少到了先前的一半。After careful consideration，the company decided to reduce the price by 10 percent.经过慎重考虑，该公司决定把价格降低10%。She was reduced to begging(beg) for a living.她被迫沦落至乞讨为生。 k
18、eep.free from/of使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物)(教材P14)This also keeps the air，soil，water and crops free from chemicals.这还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。(1)keep.free from/of.protect sb./sth.from.使免受(影响/伤害)(2)free from/of sth. 不含有害物质；不受伤害 (或影响等)(3)for free/free of charge 免费地We should keep this village free of pollutio
19、n.我们要避免这个村庄受到污染。When her son returned，she was at last free from/of anxiety.儿子回来了，她总算解除了忧虑。 comment n评论；议论vi.& vt.表达意见；做出评论(教材P15)Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.跟你的同伴交换你的内容提要并且互相评论一下。(1)make comments on/about.对加以评论No comment! 无可奉告！offer comments 提意见(2)comment on/upon st
20、h. 对发表评论She made helpful comments on/upon my work.她对我的工作提出了有益的意见。Can you say something about the present situation?你能对当前的形势说说自己的看法吗？Sorry，no comment!对不起，无可奉告！Dont offer comments(comment) if you cannot understand the real meaning.如果你不能真正理解它的意义，请不要乱提意见。People were always commenting on/upon my sisters
21、looks.人们总是对我妹妹的容貌评头论足。.语境填词 【导学号：10642008】1The _ situation made the man rather _.(confuse)2He _ a new method of solving the problem，and the _ gave him great courage.(discover)3In his _，he _ what he thought.(summary)【答案】1.confusing；confused2.discovered；discovery3.summary；summarized.选词填空(be) confused
22、about；reduce.to.；build up；lead to；focus on/upon；keep.free of/from.；make comments on/upon1It is reported that poor air quality may _ heart attack or stroke.2As I said before，we need to _ the customers and their needs.3People _ all the different labels on food these days.4The price of that type of col
23、or TV has _ 1,000 yuan.5Famous experts are often invited to CCTV to _ the situations in Iraq.【答案】1.lead to2.focus on/upon3.are confused about4.been reduced to5.make comments on/upon(教材P14)Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil，making_it ready for crops such as wheat
24、 or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆或大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。【要点提炼】句中making it ready.为动词的ing 形式短语作结果状语。动词的ing形式作结果状语，相当于一个并列谓语(and made it.)，描述谓语动词发生后所带来的一种自然而然的结果。The universities have expanded，thus allowing many more people the chance of higher education.大学扩招了，这样就使更多人
25、能有机会接受高等教育。His parents died early，leaving_him_nothing(and left him nothing)他的父母早亡，什么都没给他留下。The child slipped and fell，hitting_his_head_against_the_door(and hit his head against the door)那个孩子滑了一跤，头撞到了门上。现在分词和不定式短语作状语的区别现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。He hurried to the airport，only to be told that the plane had taken off.他匆忙赶到机场，结果被告知飞机已经起飞了。单句改错1He has been painted the rooms of his new apartment all day._2Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus caused the delay._3Have you made everything clearly enough._【答案】1.paintedpainting2.causedcausing3.clearlyclear