1、Section Grammar & Writing限制性和非限制性定语从句阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法1This gift was the Amber Room，which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.2The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey.3It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels，which too
2、k the countrys best artists about ten years to make.4However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William，to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.5Later, Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句
3、在意义上与先行词关系密切，是不可缺少的定语。非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整；非限制性定语从句和主句之间用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：1限制性定语从句具有修饰限制的作用，如果限制性定语从句省略了，句子意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句和先行词之间关系不很密切，只是起补充说明的作用，去掉并不影响整个句子的意思。例如：The young man who stole the car was put into prison.偷车的那个年轻人坐牢了。(限制性定语从句)His brother，who is an engin
4、eer，will go to London next week.他哥哥下周要去伦敦，他是位工程师。(非限制性定语从句)2限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号隔开；而非限制性定语从句和主句之间有逗号隔开。例如：This is the man who used to quarrel with me.这就是那个过去常和我吵架的人。This is his house，where he once lived.这就是他的房子，他曾经在里面住过。3限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词；而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词也可以是前面一句话的内容。例如：I bought a book yesterday wh
5、ich is very popular among young people.我昨天买了一本在年轻人中非常受欢迎的书。His son has made great achievements in his work，which made him very proud.他儿子在工作中取得了很大的成就，这使他很骄傲。4关系代词使用情况不同。(1)关系代词that和关系副词why可以引导限制性定语从句，但不可以引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中应用which，for which来替代。例如：The house that I bought has a lovely garden.The hous
6、e，which I bought，has a lovely garden.我买的房子有一个漂亮的花园。I have told him the reason why I was late this morning.I have told him the reason, for which I was late this morning.我已经告诉了他我今早迟到的原因。(2)关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who来代替，但在非限制性定语从句中则不可以。例如：This is the American whom/who I met yesterday.这就是我昨天见到的那个美国人。Pet
7、er，whom you met in London，is now in Paris.彼得现在在巴黎，你在伦敦见过他的。(3)which引导限制性定语从句时，如果在从句中作宾语，可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句中是不可以省略的。例如：The computer(that/which)I had repaired went wrong again.The computer, which I had repaired, went wrong again.我修过的那台电脑又出毛病了。(4)as引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、主句后，也可以放在句子中间。而which引导的非限制性定语从句则只能置于主句
8、之后。当非限制性定语从句表达否定意义时，则只能用which引导。As we all know，Lu Xun is a great writer.众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。He is a cheat，as everyone can see.每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。The weather turned out to be very fine, which was more than we could expect.结果天气变得很好，这超出了我们的预料。(5)as在引导非限制性定语从句时，常作一些实义动词的宾语，例如：see，know，say，report，imagine，remembe
9、r，point out等。常见的用法有：as is known to all/as we all know，as has been said before，as you expected/imagined，as is mentioned above，as has been already reported/announced等。As has been announced，we shall have our final exam next month.正如已宣布的那样，我们下个月进行期末考试。He failed in the driving test，as we had expected.正像我
10、们所预料的那样，他没通过驾照考试。.单句语法填空1Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of has been proved. 【导学号：30534006】2She was taking the food to the refugee camp，in she distributed it to children.3I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.4We will put off the
11、 picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better.5Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust.6. Some people are successful language learners often fail in other fields.7. The sun heats the earth， makes it possible for plants to grow.8. Then he
12、met Mary， invited him to a party.9. There is a net bar around here, I remember.10. He changed his mind again， made us all angry.【答案】1.which2.which3.whose4.when5.that6.who7.which8.who9.as10.which.完成句子1我有一个表妹，她在医院上班。I have a cousin 2你喜欢颜色是红色的书吗？Do you like the book ？3我们班有50多名学生，大部分都被重点大学录取了。There are
13、over fifty students in our class， the key universities.4我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。 ，smoking is harmful to ones health.5Alice收到了老板的邀请，这让她大为吃惊。Alice received an invitation from her boss， 【答案】1.who works in a hospital2.whose color is red3.most of whom are admitted to 4As we all know5.which made her surprised应用文写作班级
14、辩论报告1概念：班级辩论报告属于应用文文体之一，同时又具有议论文的特点，是对某个话题的辩论。2内容安排：该类文章一般分为四部分：第一部分：开门见山，说明辩论的主题、参与者等；第二部分：列举支持方观点及其理由；第三部分：列举反对方观点及其理由；第四部分：得出结论或给出自己的观点。3语言特征：(1)文章短小精悍，语言精练，准确易懂；(2)时态常用一般现在时。1文章开头常用语Recently we have had a discussion/debate.Some people are in favor of.Other people are against.There are different
15、opinions among people as to.Different people have/hold different views/opinions on this problem.2陈述正方观点常用语Some people hold the opinion that.People who are for the idea think that.最近你市发现了一处唐代文化遗址。是否应当开发？人们展开了激烈的讨论。假如你是一名记者，请就此写一篇80词左右的报道，并发表自己的看法。赞成开发应开发利用以吸引更多的游客来旅游观光。反对开发应保持原样，妥善保护，以免遭人为破坏。你的观点参考词汇
16、：开发：explore；旅游业：tourism注意事项：1.不可逐条翻译；2可适当增加细节；3书写要流利、规范；4文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。Recently，citizens in our city have had/held a heated debate on whether we should explore the cultural site which was discovered in our city. 体裁辩论报道话题文化遗址开发时态一般现在时人称第三人称.词汇1支持in favor of2再者whats more3持有相反的观点hold an opposite opini
17、on4就我而言as far as Im concerned5充分利用make good use of.句式1They think the cultural site is worth exploring.The cultural site will make people learn more about the long history of our country.(用定语从句合并句子)They think the cultural site is worth exploring，which will make people learn more about the long histor
18、y of our country.2Others hold an opposite opinion. They think that we should keep it as it is and protect it properly.(用非谓语动词合并句子)Others hold an opposite opinion，thinking that we should keep it as it is and protect it properly.3It can not be destroyed by people only in this way.(用倒装句改写句子)Only in thi
19、s way can it not be destroyed by people. 【参考范文】Recently，citizens in our city have had/held a heated debate on whether we should explore the cultural site which was discovered in our city.Some are in favor of the idea. They think the cultural site is worth exploring, which will make people learn more
20、 about the long history of our country. Whats more, this cultural site can attract more visitors to our city, which will improve our tourism.However，others hold an opposite opinion，thinking that we should keep it as it is and protect it properly.Only in this way can it not be destroyed by people.As far as Im concerned，we should ask the experts for advice to find a better way to make good use of this cultural site.
