1、新知识预习探索定语和定语从句语法精讲一、定语【语境领悟】The newly-built building is our school library building.新建成的大楼是我们学校的图书馆。His proposal is worth considering.他的建议值得考虑。The sun is about 93,000,000 miles away.太阳离我们约九千三百万英里。Thats the teaching plan for you to discuss.这就是供你们讨论的那份教学计划。【知识归纳】定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词。可用作定语的词有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、不定
2、式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语以及从句等。【归纳拓展】多个作定语的形容词的顺序当多个形容词作定语时，其大概位置关系如下：年龄(形状、大小)颜色来源材料用途被修饰的词【语境领悟】a pair of black Spanish leather boots一双黑色的西班牙皮靴二、定语从句【语境领悟】That is all that I want to say.那就是我想要说的。Who is the boy that won the gold medal?获金牌的小男孩是谁？These houses are sold at such a low price as people expecte
3、d.这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao?你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？【知识归纳】关系代词that与which的用法区别(1)关系代词指代物，而引导词只用which不用that的情况：关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候：This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。关系代词指前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时
4、：He failed in the exam，which made his father angry.他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。(2)that和which都指物时，在下列五种情况下只能用that而不能用which：当先行词是all，everything，something，nothing，anything，much，little，few等不定代词时。There was little that I could do for you.我不能为你做什么。当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过
5、的最好的一部。当先行词被the very，the only，the just等修饰时。Mr.Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。当人和物同时作先行词时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Which is the bike that you lost?哪一辆是你丢失的自行车？【深化点拨1】介词关系代词引导的定语从句(1)介词关系代词中介词的宾语只能是whi
6、ch或whom。The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。(2)当复合介词短语which引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。He lived in a big house，in front of which stood a big tall tree.他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。(3)介词which/who不定式结构。The poor man has no house in which to live.那个可怜的人没有房子住。(4
7、)ofwhich/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用whose)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(whose price)was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。【深化点拨2】关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such名词as.像一样的the same名词as.和同样的其中关系代词as在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。We have found such ma
8、terials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as作主语)He is not the same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)【名师点津】使用定语从句应注意的几个问题(1)当先行词是way，意为“方式，方法”，在从句中作状语，则引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种：I dont like the way in which/x/that he speaks.(2)当先行词为case，point，position，situation等词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用where引导定语从句。They have
9、 reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。(3)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，应注意引导词在定语从句中的成分。Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？【链接】定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。one of复数名词关系代词复数动词He is o
10、ne of the students who pass the exam.the only one of复数名词关系代词单数动词He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.他是唯一通过考试的学生。新思维随堂自测.完成句子1Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_ school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育应该依靠的基本技能。2China Today attracts a worldwide readership，_ sho
11、ws that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.今日中国杂志吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界各地越来越多的人想了解中国。3The books on the desk,_ covers are shiny,are prizes for us.4He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.他写了很多儿童书籍，差不多一半发表于20世纪90年代。whichwhichwhosewhich5Creatin
12、g an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.创造一种氛围，使得员工感到是团队的一部分，这是一个很大的挑战。6The number of smoker,_ is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.据报道，吸烟者的数量仅仅一年内下降了17%。7Opposite is St.Pauls Church,_ you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你能听到一些优美的音乐。8As the smalles
13、t child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time_ he should be able to be independent.作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼着自己能独立的时刻。in whichaswherewhen9I have _(重要的事)to tell you.10The man _(正在握手的)with Kate is my maths teacher.11The _(五岁的)girl is making _(纸花)12The _(白色的小木屋)looks as if nobody has lived there fo
14、r years.13It is the very book _(我们一直在找的)14Heres some _(开水).You can have it if thirsty.something importantshaking handsfive-year-oldpaper flowerslittle white wooden housethat we have been looking for boiled water.指出下列句子中的定语成分，并指出用作定语的词性1.I thought this vast wave of food was the total number of dishes
15、 to be served._2.Everyone else just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down._3.The first time I saw a three-year-old kid cheerfully chewing a chickens head I had bad dreams for weeks._用作定语的有vast形容词，total形容词，to be served不定式作后置定语。else 形容词，each 代词，their 代词。The first 数词，a 冠词，three-year-old 形容词，chicken名词，bad 形容词。4.At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eight or nine big boxes._5.I still remember what I ate:a tuna fish and cheese sandwich._colourful 形容词，eight or nine 数词，big形容词。tuna 名词，cheese 名词。
