1、新知识预习探索观察下列句子，并体会画线部分的用法。Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.“The_moment I heard it，”he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”The_first_time that rap artists recorded their music，musicians recorded the backing tracks in the studio and the rappers added th
2、eir vocals later.but by_the_time I got there，they had gone.The_next_time I heard the song，I was in the cinema，waiting for the film to start.The_last_time I heard it，I was in the cinema and I couldnt find out what it was.Heard this song?Who gave you that CD？Dad.I lent it to someone but I cant remembe
3、r who.She said shed call me but she hasnt.自我总结上述句子中，为_，为_。时间状语从句省略句时间状语从句和省略句.时间状语从句一、时间状语从句的定义时间状语从句在句中起状语作用，表示时间。时间状语从句表示将来时间时，其谓语动词通常用现在时态。二、引导时间状语从句的连词when,while,as,after,before,once,since,till,until,whenever 等。另外表示时间的名词词组及部分副词 the minute,the moment,the instant,the day,the week,the year,the firs
4、t time,any time,next time,every time,each time,the last time,all the time,from the time,by the time,immediately,instantly,directly 等也可以引导时间状语从句。三、时间状语从句的用法1when,while,as 引导的时间状语从句(1)when 可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while,as 只能和延续性动词连用。Sorry,I was out when you called me.对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。Strike while the i
5、ron is hot.趁热打铁。The students took notes as they listened.学生们边听课边做笔记。(2)when 从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。(finished 先发生)When I got to the airport,the guests had left.当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。(got to 后发生)(3)主句动作发生在从句动作的过程中，when,while,as 都可使用。
6、When/While/As we were dancing,a stranger came in.当我们在跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。(4)从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动词作为延续性动词时，when,while,as 都可使用。When/While/As she was making a phone call，I was writing a letter.她在打电话时，我在写信。(5)当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as 常表示“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。2 the moment/minute/second/i
7、nstant,as soon as,immediately,directly,once,no sooner.than,hardly.when 引导的时间状语从句，表示“一就”。He came to the scene the moment he heard of the accident.他一听说这起事故就赶到了现场。She got everything ready as soon as she got to school.她一到学校就把一切都准备好了。I came directly I got your message.我一得到你的消息就来了。Once you lose confidence
8、,you wont be able to do the work well.你一旦失去信心，就不可能把工作做好。Jack had no sooner seen me when he left the classroom.No sooner had Jack seen me when he left the classroom.Jack had hardly seen me when he left the classroom.Hardly had Jack seen me when he left the classroom.杰克一看见我就离开了教室。3next time,last time,
9、the first time,every/each time 等词引导的时间状语从句。Next time you come,you will see him.下次你来时，你就会见到他。Every time I traveled by boat,I got seasick.每次我乘船旅行都会晕船。4until 引导的时间状语从句until 从句或短语与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词是延续性的；若与否定句连用时，主句的谓语动词是暂时性的。The students made much noise until the teacher came into the classroom.直到老师走进教室学
10、生们才停止了大声喧哗。We all insist that we should not rest until we finish the work.我们都坚决要求不完工不休息。【温馨提示】“not until.”位于句首时，主句须用倒装语序，即助动词或系动词放在主语的前面。若没有助动词，则必须加上do/does/did。Not until his bike looked almost new did he stop cleaning it.直到他的自行车看起来几乎像新的一样，他才停止擦洗。5before 和 after 引导的时间状语从句，before 强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，而
11、after强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。He had been a cook before he went to college.他上大学前曾当过厨师。He called me after he had finished his work.他在工作结束之后给我打了个电话。(1)表示“过了多久后才，动作进行到什么程度才”They worked long hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.他们超负荷工作，几周之后，一切才恢复正常。(2)表示“来不及；尚未就”。Before I could say a wo
12、rd,she has rushed out of the room.不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。(3)表示“不知不觉就；还没弄清就”。Time passed quickly and the winter holidays had gone by before we knew it.时间过得很快，我们还没觉察到寒假就过去了。6since 引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。(1)since 从句的谓语动词一般是非持续性的，时态往往为一般过去时。I have written home once since I came here.自我到这儿以来，已写了一封
13、信给家里。【温馨提示】since 从句的谓语动词如果是持续性的或是状态动词，意思为“自从某人不做某事以来”。John is now with his parents in New York.It is already three years since he was a teacher.约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开(没住在)上海多久了？(2)在“It is时间since”从句中，时间的计算往往从 since 从句的动作完成或状态结束时算。It is three years sinc
14、e she was in our class.她离开我们班有三年了。It is three years since I smoked.It is three years since I stopped smoking.我不吸烟有三年了。.省略句省略句是英语的一种习惯用法。按照语法分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句，这种语法现象称为“省略”。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。英语中常见的省略句有以下几种：1动词不定式中的省略(1)有些动词，如：believe,find,think,feel,consider,i
15、magine 等后面作宾补的结构 to ben./adj.中的 to be 可以省略。I consider him(to be)lazy.我认为他懒。His mother found him(to be)a clever boy.他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。(2)感官动词 see,hear,feel,watch,notice 等以及使役动词 let,make,have 后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号 to 要省略，但变为被动语态时，to 必须保留。They made the boy go to bed early.他们让这个男孩早睡。The boy was made to go to
16、bed early.这个男孩被迫早睡。(3)but 作“除之外”讲时，其前有实义动词 do 的形式，but后的不定式须省去 to。We have nothing to do now but wait.我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。He has no choice but to accept the fact.除了接受这个事实他别无选择。(4)在并列结构中为了避免重复，可省去后面的不定式符号 to。It is impossible to laugh and(to)cry at the same time.同时又哭又笑是不可能的。(5)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同
17、样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号 to。They may go if they wish to(go)如果他们想去，他们就可以去。Dont go till I tell you to.直到我让你去，你才可以去。(6)主语从句中有 do 的某种形式，后面不定式作表语，动词不定式标志 to 可以省略。All we can do is(to)wait for another twenty minutes.我们所能做的是再等 20 分钟。2简单句中的省略(1)感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。What a hot day(it is)！多热
18、的天啊！(2)在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。(Will you)Have a smoke？你抽烟吗？3并列句中的省略(1)如果主语不同，而谓语中的一部分相同，则省略谓语中相同的部分。John must have been playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.约翰一定一直在踢球，而玛丽一定一直在做作业。(2)主语相同，谓语也相同，则二者都可以省略。His suggestion made John happy，but(his suggestion made)Mary angry.他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生
19、气。(3)主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。Danny gave up smoking for a while，but(he)soon returned to his old habit.丹尼戒了一阵子烟，可很快又开始抽烟了。4复合句中的省略(1)宾语从句中的省略在宾语从句中常省略连词 that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词 that 可以省略。(2)状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语为 it，并且从句谓语中有 be 动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：在 as，before，till，wh
20、en，while 等引导的时间状语从句中。While(I was)waiting，I was reading some magazines.我一边看杂志一边等。在 though，although 等引导的让步状语从句中。Though(they were)tired，they went on working.虽然(他们)累了，但他们继续工作。在 if,unless(if.not)等引导的条件状语从句中。You shouldnt come to his party unless(you are)invited.除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。在 as，as if，as though 等引
21、导的方式状语从句中。He did as(he was)told.他按要求去做了。新思维随堂自测单句填空1Dont be afraid of asking for help _ it is needed.2A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.3Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _ she realized what she had said.4I thought she was the very g
22、irl that I should marry _ I met her.5How long do you suppose it is _ he left for Japan?No more than half a month.whenuntil/tillas soon as/immediately/directly/the instant/the minute/the momentthe first timesince6_ I could say a word，she had rushed out of the room.7_ you come here tomorrow，I will hav
23、e finished the work.8Tom fell asleep _ he was doing his homework.9_ years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.10_ he went to Beijing，he would call on his former teacher.BeforeBy the timewhileAsEach time/Every time新写作技法点拨如何写论述学习习惯类的作文这类文章属于议论文的范畴，要注意掌握议论文的一般结构：引言、正文、结论。1引言(Introduction)：由于英语作文
24、受时间、字数的限制，因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题并阐明自己的观点。2正文(Main body)：正文是论证的过程，作者必须有足够的论据来论证自己的观点。3结论(Conclusion)：结论段可以用一两句来结束文章，同时要注意与引言段的呼应，但不能照搬前面的原文。新语法佳作构建词汇是语言学习的基础，只有突破了词汇这一关，英语学习才能进展顺利。然而在大家平时的学习中，普遍感到记忆单词是件很困难的事情。请你结合自己的实际情况就如何扩大词汇量，掌握好单词发表自己的观点和看法。注意：1.词数：120 左右；2文章必须包括所有要点，行文连贯，可适当增减。【思路点拨】1本文属半开放作文。首
25、先要针对词汇在语言学习中的重要性作简明扼要的陈述；其次要针对如何扩大词汇量及掌握好单词谈谈自己的观点和看法，这是文章中的重点。2文章人称采用第一人称，时态采用一般现在时。【词汇热身】1是的基础_2拥有大的词汇量_3对注意_4另外_be the basis of have a large vocabularypay attention toin addition;besides【句式温习】1没有足够的英语单词，我们在听、说、读、写方面会有很多困难。Without enough English words,we _ listening,speaking,reading and writing.2在
26、我们的学习中，我们觉得扩大词汇量是困难的。_ study,we find it difficult to enlarge our vocabulary.3此外，在过去我没太注意单词的学习，特别是单词的拼写，认为没有词汇测试。Besides，in the past I didnt pay much attention to word study，especially to word spelling,_.4但是现在我开始意识到了单词的重要性。But now _.have much difficulty inWhile wethinking there is no word testI come
27、to know the importance of words【连句成篇】范文：Words are the basis of the language,so without enough English words,we have much difficulty in listening,speaking,reading and writing.Having a large vocabulary is very important and necessary.In our study,we find it difficult to enlarge our vocabulary,for we e
28、asily forget the words we have learned.Besides,in the past I didnt pay much attention to word study,especially to word spelling,thinking there is no word test.But now I come to know the importance of words.I will spend more time studying them.In addition,I will strengthen the intensive reading,studying the words in the contexts to improve my English.
