1、第 4 讲 介词1. I always wanted to do the job which Id been trained _. (2011浙江卷) A. on B. for C. by D. of【答案及解析】1. B本题考点为介词与动词的搭配。句意为“我总想从事我一直以来为此被训练的工作。”还原定语从句部分，应该是“Id been trained for the job”。 train作动词意为“训练”，介词for表目的。2. I guess weve already talked about this before but Ill ask you again just _. (2010
2、浙江卷) A. by nature B. in return C. in case D. by chance【答案及解析】2. C考查介词短语的辨析。句意为“我觉得我们以前已经谈论过这件事情了，但是以防万一，我还是再问你一次吧。”by nature天生地，天然地；in return作为回报；in case以防万一；by chance偶然地，碰巧。介词的种类 介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种：简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to, for等；短语介词，即由两个以上的词组成的短语，如in front of, because of, instead of等；二重介词，如u
3、ntil after, from behind等。介词的句法功能 介词不能独立在句中作成分，介词后必须与名词、代词或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。1作定语：The book _on_the_table is mine. 2作状语：We have breakfast at_seven._(表时间)They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain. (表原因)They started the machine by_pressing the button. (表方式) 3作表语：My d
4、ictionary is in_the_bag. 4作宾语补足语：I found him in_the_office. 主要介词区别1表示时间的at, in, onat表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。in表示一段时间，如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in October, in 1998, in summer
5、, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，如： on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2表示时间的since和fromsince表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from_today. We have not seen each other since_1995. 3. between和 among一般说来，betw
6、een表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me. He is always happy among his classmate 4表示“用”的in, by和withwith用于有形的工具，或身体某些器官等的方面，其后的名词多被冠词或物主代词等修饰。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。by后接名词且名词前常没有修饰词，名词用原形。如：He is writing a letter with_a_pen. He wrote the letter in_pencil._We meas
7、ured it in_pounds. (按磅计算)Tell me the story in_English. by hand靠手工by ship乘船by air乘飞机5as和 likeas作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father. (事实是父亲)like作“像一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father. (事实上不是父亲)。6in front of 和in the front ofin front of before，是“在前面”的意思(不在某物内)；in the front of则是“在前部”的意
8、思(在某物内)。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard. The boy sat in the front of the car. 易错易混点1. 表示时间的in和after 两者都表示“在(某个时间)之后”，区别在于in表示“在(一段时间)之后”，而after则表示“在(某一具体时间点)之后”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如： Well be back in three days. After seven the rain began to fall. 注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后(常用在过
9、去时里)。如： After two months he returned. 2. 表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如： Changchun is in the northeast of China. Mongolia is on_the north of China. Japan is to the east of China. 3. 表示“穿过”的through和across through表示从内部通过；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过。如： Water flows through the pipe. The
10、old man walked across the street. 4. besides, except, but, except for besides指“除了还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me. except指“除了，减去什么”。如：All went out except me. but与except意思近似，表示“除了外”，经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如： I never saw him reading anything_but the newspaper.except for表示“
11、除以外”，跟except的区别在于其后跟的词与前面所提到的不是同一类别。如： His diary is good except_for a few spelling mistakes. 5. for与of用于不定式复合结构(1) It isadj. of sb. to do sth. sb. beadj. to do sth. 当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征时，用of。常见的此类形容词有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。(2) It isadj. for sb. to do sth. 当形容词说明不定式的性质时用for。常见的此类形容词有：possible, impossible, important, necessary等。如：It is quite important for us to protect our environment.