1、Section Word power & Grammar and usage根据提示写出下列单词1_adj. 极度的；极端的2_n. 骨骼，骨头3_n. 皮革4_adj. 历史的；与历史研究相关的5_vi. 抱怨6_adj. 木制的【答案】1.extreme2.bone3.leather4historicalplain6.wooden根据提示补全下列短语1put _ 公布，发布；扑灭2take._ an example 以为例3_ good condition 状况良好4come _ 达到，进入(某状态)；合计，总计5be divided _ 被分成6pay attention _ 注意【答案
2、】1.out2.as3.in4.to5.into6.to根据提示补全下列教材原句1This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied, as_they_are_often_very_old.这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。2His devotion to the study of Loulan has made_him_a_famous_expert in this field.他专心地研究楼兰，这使他成了该领域的知名专家。3What_about all the peopl
3、e living in the world who have no food to eat and no place to live?世上所有活着的人没有食物可吃、没有地方住会怎么样？ put out 公布，发布；出版；扑灭(教材P46)On the World Heritage List put out by UNESCO, altogether there are about 900 World Heritage sites, which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations. 在联合国教科文组织
4、公布的世界遗产目录中，一共有大约900处世界遗产遗址，这些遗址被认为对人类文明有着非凡的价值。写出下列句子中的 put out 的汉语意思The government will put out a new statement tomorrow.公布，发布This magazine is put out every Friday.出版They quickly put out the fire.扑灭put down 放下，记下put off 推迟put on 穿上，戴上；演出put up 举起；建立；张贴；短期住宿put up with 忍受(朗文辞典) The match has been pu
5、t off until tomorrow because of bad weather.由于天气不好，比赛推迟到明天。(牛津词典)Im not going to put up with their smoking any longer.我再也不能容忍他们抽烟了。 take.as an example 以为例(教材P46)Take the ancient Roman city Pompeii as an example.以古罗马庞贝城为例。for example 例如set an example to/for sb. 为某人树立榜样follow/copy ones example 效仿某人(朗文
6、辞典) Parents should set an example for their children.父母应该为孩子树立榜样。 For_example,_the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destinations time.例如，一上飞机就调整你的生物钟来适应目的地的时间。【导学号：18452023】 complain vi.抱怨(教材P49)One complained that the room was not clean and that it was no
7、t very comfortable either.一个学生抱怨说房间不干净而且也不是很舒适。(1)complain (to sb.) about/of (向某人)抱怨complain that. 抱怨(2)complaint n. 抱怨；诉苦make a complaint about/of/against. 抱怨，投诉She is always complaining of her toothache to the doctor.她老是跟大夫抱怨她牙痛。One of their neighbors had written to complain about the sound of the
8、 piano.一位邻居留言抱怨他们的钢琴声。 in good condition 状况良好(教材P51)Most of them were in good condition.它们当中的大部分保存完好。(1)in poor/bad condition 状况不好on no condition 绝不on condition that. 条件是(2)condition n. U状况；C条件；常复数环境(3)living/working conditions 生活/工作条件He cant go for an outing, since he is in poor condition.他不能外出游玩，因
9、为他身体状况差。(朗文辞典) On no condition should untrained personnel use the equipment.未经训练的人员绝对不可使用这一设备。名师点津(1)condition 指人或物的状况，而 conditions 指人或物所处的条件或者是周围的环境。(2)on no condition 位于句首时句子用部分倒装。 come to达到，进入(某状态)；合计，总共；(某人)意识到；苏醒(教材P51)What has the world come to when the past matters more than the present? 当过去的
10、事情比现在的事情还重要时，这个世界会变成什么样呢？写出下列句子中 come to 的汉语意思When she came to herself, she couldnt recognize where she was for a moment.苏醒The bill of our dinner came to four hundred yuan.合计，总共Ive come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for the job.达到(1)come to oneself恢复知觉，苏醒when it comes to. 当谈及时(2)co
11、me across (偶然)遇见；被理解come up 被提出；破土而出come up with 提出；想出come out 出现，显现，出版come to life 活跃起来In fact，when it comes to the art of war, ants have no equal.事实上，当涉及战争的艺术，蚂蚁无出其右。As the suns rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes(come) to life.随着太阳光线穿过马群踏出的尘埃，浪漫的非洲草原活跃起
12、来。.语境填词1You managed to help me out in the _weather so I felt _sorry to have troubled you.(extreme)2A number of _ about the service of the restaurant are received and many people are still _.(complain)3The old man made full use of _from the _nearby the village to make a _sofa.(wood)4A number of peopl
13、e consider that the _novel is very important in recent _. (history)5We have not come up with a better way of _their dilemma(困境), so we think the best _may be for them to separate.(solve)【导学号：18452024】【答案】1.extreme；extremelyplaints；complaining3.wood；woods ；wooden 4historical；history5.solving；solution
14、.选词填空in good condition, put out, take part in, come to, pay attention to, be divided into, go through1The fire was _soon.2Please _what I am saying.3The bill _10,000 dollars.4I dont care about the price, as long as the car is _.5Though she _ a lot，still she was amazingly cheerful.【答案】1.put out 2.pay
15、attention to3.came to 4in good condition5.went through (教材P47)This means that the things have to be carefully examined and studied, as they are often very old.这就意味着这些东西不得不被仔细地分析和研究，因为它们通常是很古老的。【要点提炼】该从句中as引导原因状语从句，表示已知的、比较明显的原因，意为“由于，因为”，用作连词。as作从属连词，可以引导以下状语从句：(1)引导原因状语从句，表示“因为，由于”，一般放在句首，语言较弱，较口语化
16、。(2)引导时间状语从句，表示“随着；当时候”，从句的动作与主句的动作同时进行或交替进行。(3)引导方式状语从句，表示“如；像；按照的方式”。(4)引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，此时要将表语、状语或动词原形提到主语之前，使句子部分倒装。如果表语是单数词，应省略冠词。As_economy_develops_rapidly,_Chinas position on the international stage is getting more and more important.随着经济迅速发展，中国在国际舞台上的地位变得愈来愈重要了。(牛津词典)Try_as_he_might,_he c
17、ouldnt open the door.他想尽了办法也没能打开门。 (教材P48)His devotion to the study of Loulan has made_him_a_famous_expert in this field.他专心地研究楼兰，这使他成了该领域的知名专家。【要点提炼】句中made him a famous expert 为“make复合宾语”结构，名词短语 a famous expert 作宾语补足语。“make宾语宾语补足语”结构中， make为使役动词，常见的几种形式有：(1)make名词/代词名词。表示“使某人/某物成为”，若宾语补足语是表示独一无二的职位
18、或头衔的名词时，其前不用冠词。(2)make名词/代词形容词。表示“使某人/某物变得”。(3)make名词/代词动词原形。此时若变为被动语态，要改为带 to 的不定式。(4)make名词/代词过去分词。构成过去分词的动词与前面的名词/代词之间为被动关系，且表示该动作已完成。该结构中不用现在分词作宾语补足语。(5)当宾语是不定式或从句时，多用 it 作形式宾语，把真正的宾语后置，即 makeit宾语补足语真正的宾语。His actions made him universally respected.他的行为使他广受尊敬。The loud music filled the room and ma
19、de_them_feel_very_bored.嘈杂的音乐充满了整个房间，使他们感到非常烦恼。The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。完成句子1由于我没有看过这部影片，所以我不能告诉你关于这部电影的看法。_， I cant tell you what I think of it.2表扬能使好人更好，坏人更坏。Praise _ and bad men worse.3尽管年轻，他懂得很多。_ he is, he knows a lot.【导学号：18452025】【答案】1.As I havent seen the
20、 film2.makes good men better3.Young as宾语补足语、either.or.和 neither .nor .的用法以及主谓一致阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法1We called her the Loulan Beauty.2The extreme heat almost drove me crazy.3I saw several houses which were decorated with wall paintings.4One of the great archaeological discoveries over the last few years
21、is the area of Loulan.5We found the ruins most interesting.一、宾语补足语英语中句子的宾语需要进一步补充说明时，其后常接补充成分，称为宾语补足语。可以充当宾语补足语的有：名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、介词短语等。1名词作宾语补足语能以名词作宾语补足语的动词有：name，call，appoint，find，consider，choose，elect，think，leave，keep等。They named their child John.他们给孩子取名为约翰。 We made her monitor of our
22、class.我们选她做班长。名师点津表示头衔或职务的名词作宾语补足语时，名词前不加冠词。2形容词作宾语补足语形容词作宾语补足语，主要用于表示宾语所处的状态或某一动作的结果，可以接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：make，prove，leave，find，think，consider，keep 等。She was determined to prove everyone wrong.她决心证明大家都是错的。3副词作宾语补足语某些副词可用于动词或介词 with和without 后作宾语补足语，作宾语补足语的副词多用于表示动作或动作的方向等。可以充当宾语补足语的副词有：out，upstairs，in，o
23、ver，on，outside，indoors等。The woman walked along the river up and down with her head down.那位女士低着头，沿着河岸踱来踱去。4分词(短语)作宾语补足语分词(短语)作宾语补足语通常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词 with，without 等之后。作宾语补足语的现在分词(短语)一般表示主动与进行，即宾语是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者，且该动作正在进行；作宾语补足语的过去分词(短语)通常表示被动与完成，即宾语是过去分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已完成。I am so sorry to have kep
24、t you waiting so long a time.不好意思让您久等了。She saw the thief caught by policemen.她看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。5动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语通常表示具体的动作。(1)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于let，make，have等使役动词(get除外)之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，且不定式符号to需去掉。The teacher doesnt make his students do homework at school.那位老师不让他的学生在学校做家庭作
25、业。(2)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于see，hear，watch，notice，feel等感官动词后，此时不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常已经完成，且不定式符号to需去掉。I heard someone knock at the door three times.我听见有人敲了三次门。动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于动词help后时，不定式符号to可省去也可不省。名师点津分词(短语)与不定式(短语)作宾语补足语的区别：现在分词(短语)作宾语补足语时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者；过去分词(短语)作宾语补足语时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者；不定式作宾语补足语，宾
26、语也往往是不定式的逻辑主语，该不定式与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，一般为待发生的动作。I heard a girl singing upstairs.我听见一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。(表示一个正在进行的主动动作)I heard the song sung.我听见有人唱过这首歌。(表示一个完成的被动动作)I heard a girl sing upstairs.我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌。(表示一个完整的动作)6介词短语作宾语补足语介词短语作宾语补足语时，可用于表示状态、职位、身份、地位等。She found the machine in good condition.她发现那台机器状况良好。A c
27、onceited man always thinks himself above others.自负者总认为自己高人一等。7介词with可以跟复合宾语，这一结构通常在句中作状语或定语。它的常见构成：(1) with宾语介词短语With some papers in his hand，the teacher came out of the classroom.手里拿着试卷，老师走出了教室。(2) with宾语现在分词In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.在亚洲的有些地区，你不准坐着把
28、脚对准别人。(3)with宾语过去分词The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(4)with宾语不定式With the matter to be settled，we held a meeting.因为要解决这个问题，我们召开了一个会议。(5)with宾语形容词He usually sleeps with the windows open even in winter.即使在冬天，他也常常开着窗户睡觉。(6)with宾语副词The classroom with the l
29、ights on is our computer room.亮着灯的教室是我们的机房。(7) with宾语名词The PRC was founded in 1949，with Beijing its capital.中华人民共和国成立于1949年，首都是北京。二、either .or .和neither .nor .的用法1either .or .意为“或者或者”；“不是就是”。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。When the girl is happy，she either sings or dances.那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。Either you are mad, or I
30、 am (mad)要么是你疯了，要么是我疯了。2neither .nor .表示“既不也不”。其含义是否定的，可连接句中的两个并列的成分。It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.这里冬天既不热也不冷。Neither could theory do without practice，nor could practice do without theory.理论离不开实践，实践也离不开理论。名师点津either.or.或neither.nor.连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“就近原则”。Either
31、you or he has lunch at school.要么是你要么是他在学校吃午饭。三、主谓一致在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。1语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致(1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。His father is working on the farm.他父亲正在农场工作。To study English well is not
32、easy.学好英语不容易。Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛有害。What he said is very important for us all.他所说的对我们都很重要。名师点津(1)由what，who引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I say is helpful to you.我说的对你是有益的。What I bought were three English books.我买的是三本英语书。(2)两个不
33、定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式；如果是一个问题的两个方面，用单数形式。Going shopping and working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.她空闲时间去购物和体育馆锻炼。Where and when to hold the sports meet hasnt been decided.在哪儿和什么时间开运动会还没有决定。Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。(2)由连接词and或both
34、.and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用谓语动词的复数形式。Lucy and Lily are twins.露西和莉莉是双胞胎。Both the boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.听到消息，男孩和女孩都很吃惊。名师点津若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。The writer and artist has come.那位作家兼艺术家已经到了。(3)由no.and no., each.and each., every.and every.，many a.and many a., one
35、 and a half. 等构成复合主语时，谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl has the right to get education.每一个男孩和女孩都有权利接受教育。(4)主语后面带有as well as，rather than，like，but，except，besides，with，together with，along with，including，in addition to，as much as，more than等词连接的名词，根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词根据这些词前的主语来确定动词的形式。The professor together wit
36、h a number of students was doing experiments in the lab at that time.当时教授和他的很多学生正在实验室做实验。(5)either，neither，each，every或no单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都看作单数。Each of us has a new book.我们每人都有一本新书。Everything around us is matter.我们周围的每件事都是麻烦。(6)如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family，cl
37、ass，crowd，committee，population，audience，public，board，class，team，group，company，crew，enemy，government，herd，jury，party等。Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达成一致。名师点津people，police，cattle，youth等名词一般都用作复数。The police are looking for the lost ch
38、ild.警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。2逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数)(1)what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。All is going well.一切顺利。All have gone to Beijing.所有的人都去了北京。(2)时间、距离、金钱作主语时的主谓一致表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语，被看作整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以用复数。Twenty years is a long time.二十年
39、是很长时间。Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot.步行两千米是一段很长的路程。(3)若主语是以复数形式结尾的书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.一千零一夜是一本有趣的故事书。(4)表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数。One and a half apples is(are)left on the table.桌子上剩下一个半苹果。(5)算式中表示数目(字)的主
40、语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty.十二加八是二十。Fiftysix divided by eight is seven.五十六被八除是七。(6)一些学科名词是以ics结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。I think physics isnt easy to study.我认为物理不好学。(7)trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(t
41、he)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。The pair of shoes under the bed is his.床下那双鞋子是他的。(8)“定冠词the形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。The young are mostly ambitious.年轻人多半有雄心。Yesterday an accident happened on the road and a person was injured.The injured was rushed to hospital.昨天路
42、上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到医院。3就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致(1)当两个主语由either.or.，neither.nor.，whether.or.，not only.but also.连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.或者老师或者学生是我们的朋友。Is neither he nor they wholly right?他和他们都不全对吗？(2)there be句型中，be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主
43、语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.房间里有两把椅子一张桌子。.单句语法填空 1.Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.2The football team _(be) all heartbroken when they learned about their defeat.3Dr Smith，together with his wife and daughter，_ (be)
44、going to visit Beijing this summer.4It is reported that many a new house _ (build) at present in the disaster area.5Ten minutes _ (seem) like an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.【答案】1.is2.were3.is4.is being built5.seems.单句改错1Each boy and each girl work hard._2Henry，rather than Jane and John are willing to help you._3The worker and singer are from a small town._4The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming._5Neither his parents nor his wife want to go to Taiwan._【答案】1.workworks2.areis3.areis4.feltfeel5.wantwants