1、第 17 讲 换位思考 挖空设题在阅读英文文章过程中，考生应带着完形填空的意识去审视一篇文章的遣词造句，换位到试卷命题者角度，对一篇文章能从文化背景知识，生活常识，情感经历共鸣，上下文语境等情境方面设题，或者从词组搭配，词义辨析，语法结构或逻辑过渡词语等语言知识角度设题。这种思维方式的不断演练能提高考生对完形填空上述设题角度的敏感性，从而提高解答完形题空的题感和更好理解篇章的语感。因此碰到符合完形填空题材和体裁特点的好文章，至少要按以下步骤阅读三遍。 步骤一：通读全文，领会大意； 步骤二：细读全文，挖词设空； 步骤三：回读全文，推敲词句。 【例1】I played a racquetball(
2、短柄墙球) game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most surprising and _1._tiring_ games Ive ever had. When Ed first phoned and suggested we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an _2._easy_ victory. After all, Eds idea of exercise has always been nothing more effortmaking than lifting a f
3、ork to his mouth. As long as I can remember, Eds been the _3._least_ physically fit member in the family. and strangely proud of himself. His big stomach has always _4._ballooned_out_ between his Tshirt and trousers. Although the family often joked about that, hed refused to buy a larger Tshirt or t
4、o lose weight. So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt _5._gathered_ inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could _6._hardly_notice. I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into _7._shape_. As a result, at the
5、 point in our game when Id have predicted(预计) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was instead7 to 9 and Ed was _8._leading_. The sudden realization was painful. We continued to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up, I was having serious doubts about staying alive until 21 years ol
6、d. Let alone scoring that many points. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying _9._flat_on our backs, too tired to move. _10._In_a_way_， I think we both won: I won the game, but cousin Ed won my respect. 【设空解析】设空1：该词要依据后文信息方能做出判断，这次比赛很让人精疲力竭。可设置成以ing结尾的形容词辨析题。 设空2：该词和空1有关联。预计中轻而易举能获胜的比赛结果
7、却出乎意料。 设空3：该词这种用法搭配比较灵活。这种修饰性词汇考查也是完形填空常设置的一种题型。 设空4：该词非常有生活情境关联意义。日常生活中那些身材肥胖的人的肚子经常像气球那样突出来，所以这个考题设置将会非常贴近生活。设空5：该词也能再现一个非常形象的生活情境。把衣服下摆塞进裤子里面用gathered，很生动。 设空6：该词和前文信息形成很大的反差。这次见面，Ed可能因减肥成功，他的肚子几乎都让人注意不到了，而不是像先前那样如气球般突出来而引人注目。这里可设置一道副词辨析题，完形填空中副词辨析的题目一般都会有一道。 设空7：该词也包含了一定的生活情境信息。减肥成功了，体型恢复。可设置一道名
8、词辨析题，与shape相区别。设空8：该词是一道体育常识题。从比分上看，Ed竟然领先于我了，leading在体育比赛很常用。所以可设置成一道动词辨析题。 设空9：该词也是一道生活常识题。比赛结束，双方都精疲力竭而平躺在地上不想动弹。可设置成一道形容词辨析题。设空10：way的短语很多。所以此题可挖空设成一道考查way的不同短语的用法辨析题。 【答案】1. moment2. honor3. announced4. still5. shocked6. really7. Present8. Understanding9. model10. compete11. through12. difficul
9、ties13. get over14. move on15. rough16. in addition to17. change18. hang out19. easy20. yourself【答案及解析 】1. D上下文语境题，首句中出现ill，此选项应是ill的同义表达，故选sickness。 2. B上下文语境题，上句出现病情可以manageable，所以作者应该是享受那段过去的美好时光，故选enjoyed。 3. C副词辨析题，根据下文“时代发生改变”，结合首句“作者生病”，可推出作者表达的是不幸的情绪，故选unfortunately。此类选项为高考完形填空中的高频选项。6. B逻辑过
10、渡词语题，多用于句子与句子之间，解决连词的问题。因为作者下午需要睡觉，所以受到限制。故选As。 7C名词词义辨析题，第三段首句提到作者打算做某事，但由于病情，下午需要睡觉，所以选择受限，故选choices。 8. D词组搭配题，上文提到过几年之前唱歌的事实，此处再次出现要去唱歌，故选going back。 9. A全家都是音乐家，所以走进音像店会被认出。10. AA and B并列结构，要求前后词性与词义要相似，几乎在每年的高考完形中都会考查这个知识点。本题and之前说东西很贵，之后理应推出没有足够的钱。 11. D四个选项中有一组反义词，答案多在这组反义词中出现。此题C和D构成反义结构，根据
11、文章信息，故选often。 12. A实际上一张光盘里的十首歌也只有三四首可以用，故选actually。 13. C上文中作者有提到过想再次唱歌的这个想法，故选idea。14. C同义辨析， view强调的是眺望风景，look强调看的眼神，sight强调视力，本文店主深深地看了作者，属于眼神之间的交流，故选look。 15. D固定搭配，店主带领作者穿过拥挤的店铺，从空间穿过，故选through。 16. B下文出现treasure，因此可以推出店主对自己的宝物爱不释手，心爱地触摸，故选lovingly。 17. A固定搭配，take your pick，美国俚语，随你挑选的意思。 18. D语法题。should have cried，本应该哭而没有哭，放在原文中过于牵强，而本题是作者受到店主的感激，非常感动，本可以哭但没有哭，故选could have cried。 19. B寻找重复,11题与12题之前曾出现only three to four songscan use，对应could sing，故选the ones。 20. C主旨概括，即所选选项要与原文中心相一致。本文详细描述店主对作者的帮助，店主的善举感动作者，故选kindness。