1、专题五定语从句定语从句的考查要点1功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.3先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some，any，every和no与body，thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。4关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等关系副词：when，w
2、here，why等5确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit (them) in China.6在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词
3、、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。 (3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.(6)当主句
4、是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the books that you bought for me?7宜用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。(2)在关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是that时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。8关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。(2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is stan
5、ding by the window?(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room，whose window faces the river.10关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。(1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful.The school is just the same as
6、 it was 10 years ago.注意：such.that.引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。the same.that.引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now.(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didnt pass the exam，as we had expected.There is lots of air
7、in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.As is known，the earth is round.题组训练1用适当的关系代词填空1The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.2Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.3I have three foreign teachers
8、, two of whom are from Canada.4She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.5This is the only way that we can find at present.6The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.11关系副词when与where，why，thatwhen 指时间in/at/on/during whichwhere指地
9、点in/at/from whichwhy指原因for whichthat可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口语中that常被省略。I dont like the way (that/in which) he talks.This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.题组训练2用适当的关系副词填空1Between the two parts of the c
10、oncert is an interval，when the audience can buy icecream.2Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，where it will keep for two or three weeks.3Can you work out a way(that/in_which)_we can solve this problem.4The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.5I
11、 didnt know the reason (why) he came late.12必须注意的问题：(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词。去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句
12、的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语从句)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语从句)(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has
13、 got very good marks in the match.(句中one为先行词)He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?He stood at the window，from where he could see what was happening.It may r
14、ain，in which case the match will be put off.语法与写作用定语从句翻译下面的句子1我们学生应该经常和我们的父母交换意见，他们经验丰富，最重要的是，他们是世界上最爱我们的人。(2013重庆写作一)We_students_should_often_exchange_ideas_with_our_parents，who_are_rich_in_experience，and_above_all，love_us_most_in_the_world.2很抱歉我没有立刻回复一周前你寄给我的电子邮件。(2013山东写作)Im_sorry_I_couldnt_reply
15、_to_your_email_which_you_sent_me_a_week_ago_immediately.3总之，能够在短时间内赢得他们的友谊是我一生中感到最自豪的事。(2013浙江书面表达)In_a_word，being_able_to_win_their_friendship_in_a_very_short_time_is_the_thing_that_I_am_proud_of_most_in_my_life.4因此，那些做那些最不起眼工作的人应该得到和工程师或教师一样的尊重。(2013广东读写任务)Consequently，those_who_do_those_most_insi
16、gnificant_jobs_should_get_respect_as_muchas_those_being_engineers_or_teachers.5我让他给你带去你以前要的中国画。(2013新课标全国书面表达)Ive_asked_him_to_bring_you_the_Chinese_painting_youve_asked_for_before.语法填空AMany birds come to the Arctic in the summer to live and breed 1.but not all of them live here all year round.Snowy
17、 owls are some of the Arctic birds 2.that/which live here all year round.Snowy owls live on the tundra(苔原)They stay in the Arctic during the winter unless 3.their food sources are scarce.If they leave the Arctic in the winter they will overwinter in Northern Greenland，Canadian islands，Northern Euras
18、ia，Wrangel Island as well as North America.They 4.are called (call) snowy owls because their color is almost pure white when they are fullgrown.The feet of snowy owls are covered 5.with feathers and have extra thick pads.Snowy owls have incredible vision.They can see from high up in the sky and swoo
19、p down 6.silently (silent) to capture their prey.Like all owls they have 7.excellent (excellence) night vision，but in the Arctic 8.it doesnt get dark in the summer so the owls hunt in the bright daylight.When the owl gets food it swallows it whole or tears it into large pieces 9.to swallow (swallow)
20、The mother stays in the nest and the father brings her food and protects her.After the owlets(小猫头鹰) are born，both parents work to feed 10.the/their young.BOn October 6th,2011，a piece of breaking news hit the whole world：Steve Jobs，the founder of the Apple Company，1.passed (pass) away.I as well as ma
21、ny people was sad at the news.We saw him make miracles again and again，and we hoped that he would always give us 2.a surprise.We enjoy using an iPod to listen to music and we like to play games with an iPad.We love to communicate with our friends by iPhone.3.It seemed that Jobs always knew what we r
22、eally wanted.So he could devote himself to his career by creating the amazing products 4.constantly (constant)But now，he quietly left 5.leaving (leave) us a great pity.In 2003，when Jobs felt that the 6.traditional (tradition) CD industry would gradually lose its advantage，he decided to apply a brand
23、 new carrier called MP3 7.to his product.In order to make his assumption come true，he also made full use of his eloquence to persuade the music company to give him the copyright of selling products 8.which/that changed the whole music industry.From then on，people would not take a big bag to bring their favorite CDs，9.because/for/as/sincethey finally find a product that can feed their needsthats an iPod，which has some powerful functions that 10.others dont have.