1、2014高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项 50-27AAn overweight, middle-aged man lies dead on a trolley, with a woman weeping over his body. The body s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald s hamburger. American doctors TV ad features the image which weakens the slightest of appetites and the line I was lovin it The ha
2、rd-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered McDonald s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world s biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is a twist on McDonald s long-standing advertising slogan, Im lovin it” and a voiceover intones：“High
3、 cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian.” The commercial，funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine ( PCRM ) goes further than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the Chicago-based hamburger multinational and th
4、e broader restaurant industry. The National Restaurant Association criticised it as irresponsible and said it was an attempt to scare the public with a limited” view of nutrition. A McDonald s spokesman said：This commercial is unbearable, misleading and unfair to all consumers. McDonald s trusts our
5、 customers to make food and lifestyle choices that are right for them. ” The commercial，to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in fuither US cities, comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the US about healthy eating. The first lady, Michelle Obamarhas made nutrition
6、 a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets - particularly among American children，a third of whom are overweight. The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald s has enjoyed a relatively prosperous financial crisis as din
7、ers choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2. 3billion, powered by sales rises both in the United States and Britain. The PCRM s director of nutrition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies
8、 for singling out the golden arches(拱门)： “ McDonald s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable. We feel we re making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald s. ”1. The ad-maker makes a change in the McDonald s slog
9、an _.A. to warn people of risk of eating fast foodB. to convince people of cause of the deathC. to remind people of the man s preferenceD. to accuse the McDonald s of the murder答案解析：答案为A。由第二段 “The line is a twist on McDonald s long-standing advertising slogan, Im lovin it” and a voiceover intones: H
10、igh cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian.”可知，广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变是因为麦当劳的食物含有高胆固醇，它还会导致高血压，心脏病，因此广告商们警告人们吃麦当劳食物的危险，故答案为A。D选项“控告麦当劳谋杀”夸大了广告商的意图，故不选。2. The goal of this passage is to tell us that_.A. the TV commercial goes too farB. people enjoy eating fast food for i
11、ts tasteC. Michelle Obama s campaign doesn t workD. McDonald s provides unhealthy food答案解析：答案为D。本题考查文章的写作目的。文章第一、二段介绍了广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变，意在警告人们麦当劳食物的危险性，后面的内容介绍了这样的广告惹怒了麦当劳和快餐饮食业，然而这种非盈利的广告还是得到了公众的支持，并且美国第一夫人Michelle Obama也在健康饮食运动中签字，最后一段重申了PCRM总会长Susan Levin的意见，对于打击麦当劳没有任何歉意，快餐食品危害人们的健康。因此，本文的写作目的就是告诉
12、人们麦当劳的食物不健康。A、B、C都与写作目的无关，故不选。3. “The golden arches” in the last paragraph refers to _.A. the lineB. the adC. McDonald sD. fast food答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。由最后一段“the golden arches（金色的拱门）”后面的内容 “McDonald s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches are instantly re
13、cognisable.”可知，“The golden arches”指代的是麦当劳，故答案为C。4. What is the theme of the passage?A. A fierce debate about healthy eatingB. McDonald s targeted in US health adC. A US health ad advocates healthy lifeD. Say goodbye to McDonald s right now答案解析：答案为B。本题考查文章的主题。结合第2题的分析可知，本文的主题是围绕麦当劳成为美国健康饮食广告的打击对象而展开，
14、故答案为B。BFor much of the world, vegetarianism (素食主义) is largely a matter of economics: Meat costs a lot more than beans or rice, so meat becomes a special-occasion dish. Even where meat is more plentiful, its still used in control, and it often provides a side note to a meal rather than taking center
15、stage. In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost. Parental preferences, religious or other beliefs, and health problems are among the most common reasons for choosing to be a vegetarian. Many people choose
16、a vegetarian diet out of concern over animal rights or the environment. And lots of people have more than one reason for choosing vegetarianism. Different people follow different forms of vegetarianism. A true vegetarian eats no meat at all, including chicken and fish. A lactoovo vegetarian eats dai
17、ry products (乳制品) and eggs, but keeps out meat, fish, and chicken. It follows, then, that a lacto vegetarian eats dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo vegetarian eats eggs but not dairy products. A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded (排除) from
18、 a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey. Some macrobiotic (养生的) diets fall into the vegan category. Macrobiotic diets limit not only animal products but also refined and processed foods, foods with preservatives, and foods that contain caffeine or other stimulants (刺激物). Following a macrobi
19、otic or vegan diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies (营养不足) in some people. Teens need to be sure their diets include enough nutrients to fuel growth, particularly protein and calcium. If youre interested in following a vegan or macrobiotic diet its a good idea to talk to a registered dietitian
20、. He or she can help you design meal plans that include enough nutrients. 1. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means _.A. there is usually a note beside the meat in a mealB. meat often attracts peoples attention in a mealC. meat is served only a small amount in a mealD. meat sh
21、ould play an important part in a meal答案解析：答案为C。本题为语义理解题。结合划线句子前面的内容 “Even where meat is more plentiful, its still used in control” 可知，甚至是肉非常多的地方，人们仍然控制肉的进食量，因此肉在饮食中只是 “a side note” 而不是“center stage.”，因此划线句子意思是肉在饮食中只占少量，故答案为C。 2. Which of the following is NOT the reason for Americans being vegetarian
22、s?A. They are environmentally friendly.B. They are concerned about the rights of animals.C. They worry about their own health.D. They cant afford to buy meat.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。由第二段 “In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons
23、 other than cost.” 可知，除了因为肉的花费原因外.，美国人选择素食有诸多原因。故答案为D。3. A vegan diet will include _.A. neither animal products nor diary productsB. diary products but no eggsC. animal products like honeyD. processed food答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由倒数第二段 “A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and da
24、iry products excluded from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey.”可知，vegan diet里排除了eggs and dairy products，还排除了animal products ，故答案为A。4. According to the passage, the author would probably think that _. A. all the people should become vegetariansB. teens should be careful to be vegetariansC. vegetarianism is not a good thing for the worldD. vegetarianism can make a country develop faster答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由最后一段可知，素食有可能导致营养不良，特别是青少年处于生长发育，饮食要有足够的营养，如果青少年对素食感兴趣，应该咨询营养学家，因此作者认为青少年应该对变成素食主义者非常小心，故答案为B。