1、Unit 2 The United Kingdom课时作业.完形填空There are more than forty universities in Britainnearly twice as many as in 1960. During the 1960s eight completely new ones were founded, and ten other new ones were created _1_ converting old colleges of technology into universities. In the same period the _2_ of
2、students more than doubled, from 70,000 to _3_ than 200,000. By 1973 about 10% of men aged from eighteen _4_ twentyone were in universities and about 5% of women. All the universities are private institutions. Each has its _5_ governing councils, _6_ some local businessmen and local politicians as _
3、7_ as a few academics (大学教师). The state began to give grants to them fifty years _8_， and by 1970 each university derived nearly all its _9_ from state grants. Students have to _10_ fees and living costs, but every student may receive from the local authority of the place _11_ he lives a personal gr
4、ant which is enough to pay his full costs, including lodging and _12_ unless his parents are _13_. Most _14_ take jobs in the summer _15_ about six weeks, but they do not normally do outside _16_ during the academic year. The Department of Education takes _17_ for the payments which cover the whole
5、expenditure of the _18_， but it does not exercise direct control. It can have an important influence _19_ new developments through its power to distribute funds, but it takes the advice of the University Grants Committee, a body which is mainly _20_ of academics.1A.with BbyCat Dinto答案：Bby doing以某种方式
6、；with表示以某种方式时，后面接表示工具的名词。2A.amount BquantityClot Dnumber答案：Dthe number of 修饰可数名词；the amount of 修饰不可数名词；没有the lot of这种结构；quantity不接具体数量词，只表示物质多少。3A.more BmuchCless Dfewer答案：A此处指的是学生数量上的增长，此处用more than更连贯。much为形容词原级，后面不接than；fewer than/less than “少于”。4A.with BtoCfrom Dbeyond答案：Bfrom . to . 为固定结构，意为“从到
7、”。5A.self BkindCown Dpersonal答案：C代词与self分开用时，中间一般有形容词，反身代词一般作宾语或同位语，不作定语。因此，此处排除选项self; personal (个人的)能作定语，但不符合题意；own (自己的)常作定语。6A.making BconsistingCincluding Dtaking答案：Cincluding “包括”。故选C。7A.good BlongClittle Dwell答案：Das well as “也，除之外还”，相当于介词；as long as是连词，意为“只要”。8A.ago BbeforeCafter Dever答案：A在具体
8、的时间名词后，可用ago。此处表示“五十年前”。9A.suggestions BgradesCprofits Dfunds答案：Dfund “资金”，此处意为“大学从政府的拨款中获得的全部资金”。suggestion “建议”；grade “成绩”；profit “利润”。故选A。10A.make BpayCchange Ddelay答案：Bpay the fees “支付费用”，故选B。11A.what BwhichCwhere Dhow答案：C该句为定语从句。the place是先行词，从句he lives缺状语，故用where引导定语从句，修饰the place。12A.living B
9、drinkingCfood Dshelter答案：Clodging and food “食宿”。故选C。13A.poor BgenerousCkindhearted Drich答案：A一般来说，家庭贫穷(poor)的学生才可申请补助。14A.professors BstudentsCpoliticians Dbusinessmen答案：B根据空格后的“take jobs in the summer”可知，此处意为学生(student)做暑期工作。故选B。15A.at BsinceCwith Dfor答案：Dfor后面接一段时间。故选D。16A.travel BworkCexperiment D
10、study答案：Bdo outside work意为“去外面工作”。17A.responsibility BadviceCduty Dpleasure答案：Atake responsibility for “对负责”。故选A。18A.governments BschoolsCuniversities Dcommittees答案：C此处是指教育部承担了大学(university)的支出。故选C。19A.at BtoCon Dfrom答案：Chave an influence on . “对有影响”。20A.consisted BcomposedCmade Dtaken答案：B“由组成”可由con
11、sist of, be composed of及be made up of表示。.阅读理解The British live on a small island. They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives. After the development of large, oceangoing sailing ships in the fifteenth century, the sea became
12、even more important to the countrys development. Ships setting sail from England determined to extend Britains territories, its wealth and its knowledge of the world. Ships returned to England bringing goods, people and new ideas from foreign places. By the nineteenth century, Britain had the larges
13、t, most powerful navy in the world.The great sailing ships were so much a part of British life that they even affected the language. Many English expressions we use today were originally nautical (航海的) terms, although most people no longer realize this. For example, people commonly describe an hones
14、t and fair business deal as being “above board”. This expression was originally used in sailing ship times when secretive, dishonest ships business would be carried out below decks ( i. e. below the boards) out of public view. On the other hand, honest business was always conducted on deck (above th
15、e boards), in the open where everyone could see what was going on.“Pipe down！”， meaning “Be quiet！”， is another common expression that has nautical origins. The ships boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and
16、go to sleep.Most native English speakers have heard the expression “not enough room to swing a cat”， but few know that the “cat” does not refer to a small furry animal with four legs and a tail. The “cat” is actually a short form of “cat of nine tails”a whip with nine, knotted (打结的) tails. A boatswa
17、in needed a lot of space in order to swing the whip properly when lashing (鞭打) a poor sailor under his control！篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了海洋文化和航海术语对于英国和英语语言的影响。1The British have been strongly influenced by the sea because _.Athey occupied more land around the worldBthey got more wealth from the seaCthey liv
18、e on an island surrounded by the seaDthey had the largest navy ever答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They are surrounded by the sea, so it is not surprising that the sea has always played an important role in their lives.”可知，英国被海洋包围，所以海洋对英国人的生活影响很大。故选C。2If someone is open and above board, it means he is_.Asecretiv
19、e BhonestCcheerful Ddishonest答案：B细节理解题。结合第二段的“people commonly describe an honest and fair business deal as being above board”可知，B项符合题意。3What do we know according to the passage?ASailors need to go to sleep when they hear a whistle.BSailors will be whipped if they do business below decks.CA poor sail
20、or may be whipped nine times a day. DThere is no spare room to raise cats on ships. 答案：A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The ships boatswain (水手长) would blow a whistle, or pipe, at the end of the day to indicate (表明) to the sailors it was time to quieten down and go to sleep.”可知，当听到哨声，水手们要去睡觉。故选A。4The passage is main
21、ly about _.Athe business on British sailing shipsBthe influence of British sailors language on EnglishCthe sailing history of EnglandDthe sailing story of British sailors答案：B主旨大意题。本文主要通过介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家引入主题，即水手们在航行的时候使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言产生了深远的影响。B项符合题意。(2020山西省祁县中学高三月考)Ask any group of teenagers in the
22、UK what they most like to eat, and foods like pizzas, curries, pasta, burgers and chips are bound to get mentioned and many young people would probably also list hanging out at the local fast food restaurant as one of their favorite pastimes (消遣)But what teenagers like to eat is not necessarily what
23、 they should be eating. According to the National and Nutrition Survey, far too many young people in the UK between the ages of 14 and 18 consume too much fat sugar and salt in their diet and take in too many calories. Meanwhile their intake of starchy carbohydrates (含淀粉的碳水化合物), fibre, iron, vitamin
24、s and calcium is too low.For a growing body, eating foods containing plenty of calcium, such as milk, yoghurt and cheese, is particularly important as calcium is essential for the development of healthy, strong bones. Similarly, foods that are rich in iron are good for young, rapidly developing bodi
25、es, so red meat, bread, green vegetables, dried fruit and tonified (使增强体质的) breakfast cereals are also recommended.It is during our teenage years that habits of lifestyle can become entrenched (根深蒂固的), so it is crucial (至关重要的) that young people are educated about what foods are good for them. In 200
26、5, in an attempt to change eating habits and open teenagers minds to new flavours and new tastes, celebrity chef Jamie Oliver launched a “Feed Me Better” campaign. As part of a television series “Jamies School Diners”， he worked with teachers and cooks in a number of schools across the UK to provide
27、 more healthy, nutritious school meal options. Although there was initial resistance from some teenagers and parents, the campaign was generally hailed (把誉为) as a huge success and helped to influence governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals.No one expects to end the teenage love
28、 affair with fast and junk food but, hopefully, if projects “Feed Me Better” and the governments own “Change for Life” campaign continue to give out the right messages, more young people will understand the importance of balancing occasional treats with healthier food options.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。良好的饮食习惯使人
29、健康。调查发现，英国的青少年最喜欢热量高的食品。专家提示：要多摄入有益于健康成长的食品。5From the first two paragraphs we can know that _.ABritish teenagers eat too much junk foodBBritish teenagers need to take in more calciumCwhat British teenagers like to eat is probably what their bodies needDBritish teenagers should reduce their intake of
30、 starchy carbohydrates答案：A推理判断题。根据文章第一段提到英国青少年喜欢吃快餐类食物和第二段中的“According to the National and Nutrition Survey, far too many young people in the UK between the ages of 14 and 18 consume too much fat sugar and salt in their diet and take in too many calories.”可知，英国青少年所喜欢的食物含脂肪、糖和盐过多，由此可知，英国青少年吃太多垃圾食品。故选
31、A。6To build healthy strong bodies, young people need _.Aa lot of fibre Bcalcium and ironCcarbohydrates Dvitamins答案：B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“For a growing body, eating foods containing plenty of calcium .”以及“foods that are rich in iron are good for young, rapidly developing bodies .”可知，钙对于骨骼健康强壮地发育是必不可少的，并且富
32、含铁的食物对年轻、快速发育的身体有好处。所以，为了有健康强壮的身体，年轻人需要多吃含钙和铁多的食物。故选B。7According to the article, Jamie Oliver launched a campaign at schools to _.Ashow off his excellent cooking skillsBteach students how to cook nutritious mealsCintroduce governmental policy on nutritional standards for school mealsDdraw the public
33、s attention to the importance of nutritious school meals答案：D推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“In 2005, in an attempt to change eating habits and open teenagers minds to new flavours and new tastes, celebrity chef Jamie Oliver launched a Feed Me Better campaign.”及“the campaign was generally hailed (把誉为) as a huge succ
34、ess and helped to influence governmental policy on nutritional standards for school meals”(名厨杰米奥利弗发起了一项名为“让我吃得更好”的活动，提供更健康的饮食，来影响政府政策对学校膳食营养标准。)可推知，杰米奥利弗在学校发起此项活动，以引起公众对学校营养膳食重要性的关注。故选D。8Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the article?ATeenagers shouldnt eat any junk food at a
35、ll.BIt is difficult to make children understand the importance of a healthy diet.CIt is OK to eat a little bit junk food, as long as you eat healthily most of the time.DOur eating habits are developed in our teenage years and then influence our lifestyle.答案：A细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“No one expects to end th
36、e teenage love affair with fast and junk food”(没有人希望青少年不再喜欢快餐和垃圾食品)可知，A项说法过于绝对。故选A。.短文改错(2019广东省七校联合体高三第一次联考)Last weekend, after pay a visit to the city of New York, I visited the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, where lies in Washington, DC.The museum, which covers a ar
37、ea of 18,000 square meters, is made of 24 exhibition halls. All kinds of planes, rockets, missiles and spaceship of great importance and variously old instruments that famous pilots and astronauts used are on display. In addition, I see copies of some satellites and aircraft. More interestingly, I t
38、ried operating on some aircraft by myself. During the visit, I took lots of pictures as well.This brief visit helped myself learn much about the history of human space exploration. It made me more interesting in science and technology.答案：Last weekend, after a visit to the city of New York, I visited
39、 the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, lies in Washington, DC.The museum, which covers area of 18,000 square meters, is made of 24 exhibition halls. All kinds of planes, rockets, missiles and of great importance and old instruments that famous pilots and astronauts used a
40、re on display. In addition, I copies of some satellites and aircraft. More interestingly, I tried operating some aircraft by myself. During the visit, I took lots of pictures as well.This brief visit helped learn much about the history of human space exploration. It made me more in science and techn
41、ology.1paypaying考查非谓语动词。根据该句中的介词after可知，该处作介词after的宾语，故用动名词形式。2wherewhich考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，该句为包含非限制性定语从句的复合句；句中“the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution”为先行词，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作主语，故用which引导该定语从句。3aan考查不定冠词。area是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词an。4made后加up考查固定搭配。be made up of为固定搭配，意为“由组成，由构成”
42、。此处表示：这个博物馆面积达18,000平方米，由24个展厅构成。5spaceshipspaceships考查名词。spaceship为可数名词，根据该句中的“All kinds of”可知，该处应用其复数形式。6variouslyvarious考查形容词。此处修饰名词instruments，表示“各种各样的老式仪器”，故用形容词形式。7seesaw考查动词的时态。根据本文首句中的“Last weekend”可知，本文叙述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故将see改为saw。8去掉operating后的on考查介词。operate为及物动词，在该处意为“操作”，后面直接跟宾语，故去掉介词on。此处表示：更有趣的是，我亲自尝试操作了一些飞行器。9myselfme考查代词。此处表示：此次短暂的参观帮助我学到了很多人类太空探索的历史。此处作help的宾语，故用me。10interestinginterested考查形容词。此处表示：这让我对科学技术更感兴趣。由该句中的me可知，该处修饰人，表示“感兴趣的”，故用形容词interested。
