1、浙江省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（31）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 AA person named Bernard Jackson today is a free man, but he has many bitter memories. He spent five years in prison after a jury (陪审团) wrongly convicted (判处有罪) him of raping two women. At Jacksons trial, although two witnesses testified
2、 that Jackson was with them in another location at the time of the crime, he was convicted anyway. Why? The jury believed the testimony (证词) of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them. The court eventually freed Jackson after the police found the real crim
3、inal.Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify the person they saw in a group of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in
4、the group, and whether it is a person or a photograph, may also affect a witnesss decision. People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.Many people believe that police officers are more reliable than ordinary
5、people. Psychologists decided to test this idea, and they discovered that it is not true. Two psychologists showed a film of crimes to both police officers and civilians. The psychologists found no difference between the police and the civilians in correctly remembering the details of the crimes.Des
6、pite all the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot leave out eyewitness testimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitness testimony to resolve (决定) court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime, such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often c
7、orrect. Although people do sometimes make mistakes, and convict innocent people, more importantly, eyewitness testimony has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people. American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, to determine the accuracy of the witnesss te
8、stimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear and remember what happened. 1Bernard Jackson was found guilty and sentenced 5 years prison because . Athe police discovered evidence leading to his guilt Bhe admitted the crime of raping two women Cthe victim
9、s insisted that he was the attacker Dthe eyewitness proved the victims testimony2The following statements may be the reasons for why sometimes the eyewitness testimony is not accurate EXCEPT . Athe eyewitness is confused by the polices questions Bthe eyewitness is shown photos of many similar facesC
10、the eyewitness lacks the professional help from police Dthe eyewitness cant identify people of other races clearly3An inaccurate eyewitness testimony may lead to . Athe misunderstanding of the case Bthe disbelief in the court Cthe disrespect for the eyewitness Dthe conviction of an innocent person4E
11、yewitness testimony is important because .Ait can be relied on to detect criminals in all cases. Bit is sometimes the only way to resolve court cases. Cit is sometimes the only clue for police investigation. Dit is more reliable than physical evidences to a crime.5According to the text, we can infer
12、 that . Apolice identification is more reliable than that of the ordinary people Beyewitness testimony is valuable, though sometimes incorrect. Ccrime victims often fail to give positive identification of the suspects Dthe jury relies on the judge rather than the eyewitness for a decisionBMany trees
13、 in the Brackham area were brought down in the terrible storms that March. The town itself lost two great lime trees from the former market square. The disappearance of such striking features had changed the appearance of the town centre entirely, to the annoyance of its more conservative inhabitant
14、s(居民).Among the annoyed, under more normal circumstances, would have been Chief Inspector Douglas Pelham, head of the local police force. But at the height of that weeks storm, when the wind brought down even the mature walnut tree in his garden, Pelham had in fact been in no fit state to notice. A
15、large and healthy man, he had for the first time in his life been seriously ill with an attack of bronchitis.When he first complained of an aching head and tightness in his chest, his wife, Molly, had tried to persuade him to go to the doctor. Convinced that the police force could not do without him
16、, he had, as usual, ignored her and attempted to carry on working. Predictably, though he wouldnt have listened to anyone who tried to tell him so, this had the effect of fogging his memory and shortening his temper.It was only when his colleague, Sergeant Lloyd, took the initiative and drove him to
17、 the doctors door that he finally gave in. By that time, he didnt have the strength left to argue with her. In no time at all, she was taking him along to the chemists to get his medicine and then home to his unsurprised wife who sent him straight to bed.When Molly told him, on the Thursday morning,
18、 that the walnut tree had been brought down during the night, Pelham hadnt been able to take it in. On Thursday evening, he had asked weakly about damage to the house, groaned(含糊不清地说) thankfully when he heard there was none, and pulled the sheets over his head.It wasnt until Saturday, when the medic
19、ine took effect, his temperature dropped and he got up, that he realised with a shock that the loss of the walnut tree had made a permanent difference to the appearance of the living-room. The Pelhams large house stood in a sizeable garden. It had not come cheap, but even so Pelham had no regrets ab
20、out buying it. The leafy garden had created an impression of privacy. Now, though, the storm had changed his outlook.Previously, the view from the living-room had featured the handsome walnut tree. This had not darkened the room because there was also a window on the opposite wall, but it had provid
21、ed interesting patterns of light and shade that hid the true state of the worn furniture that the family had brought with them from their previous house.With the tree gone, the room seemed cruelly bright, its worn furnishings exposed in all their shabbiness. And the view from the window didnt bear l
22、ooking at. The tall house next door, previously hidden by the tree, was now there, dominating the outlook with its unattractive purple bricks and external pipes. It seemed to have a great many upstairs windows, all of them watching the Pelhams every movement.“Doesnt it look terrible?” Pelham whisper
23、ed to his wife.But Molly, standing in the doorway, sounded more pleased than dismayed. “Thats what Ive been telling you ever since we came here. We have to buy a new sofa, whatever it costs.”6.Why were some people in Brackham annoyed after the storm?A. No market could be held.B. The police had done
24、little to help.C. The town looked different.D. Fallen trees had not been removed.7.In the third paragraph, what do we learn about Chief Inspector Pelhams general attitude to his work?A. He finds it extremely annoying. B. is sure that he plays an important role.C. considers the systems are not clear
25、enough. D. He does not trust the decisions made by his superiors.8.What aspect of the Pelhams furniture does “shabbiness” in paragraph 8 describe?A. its condition. B. its colour. C. its position. D. its design.9.As a result of the storm, the Pelhams living-room _.A. was pleasantly lighter B. felt le
26、ss privateC. had a better view D. was in need of repair10.Why did Molly sound pleased by her husbands comment?A. It proved that he was well again. B. She agreed about the tree.C. She thought he meant the sofa. D. It was what she expected him to say.CLong after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointe
27、d fans were still cursing(咒骂) thedisputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees. The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided in
28、to three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge. Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23mistakes, a remarkably high number. The researcher then studied
29、 the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The re
30、search shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters. There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second. If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, want
31、s to improve the standard ofrefereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues. He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided.
32、 If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.11.The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to _.A. reexamine the rules for football refereeing B. analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC. set a standard for football refereeing
33、D. review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World Cup12.The findings of the experiment show that _.A. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB. the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC. the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors
34、 occurD. errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot13.The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to _.A. the researchers involved in the experiment B. the inspectors of the football tournamentC. the referees of the football tournament D. the observers at the site of the
35、 experiment14.What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A. The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is 45.B. Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C. A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D. An experienc
36、ed football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.DPsychology(心理学) has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals, modern therapy（疗法） seems to foc
37、us on the physical disease. Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for
38、 the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight. The doctor knows that a disease affects a patients body physically. The body of the patient changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the diseas
39、e. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patients physical problems, but the patients mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predicta
40、ble attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery. Therefore, a doctors treatment must help the patient change that. Simontons method emphasi
41、zes treatment of the “whole” patient. The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simontons psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor（肿瘤） in the body.
42、In the mental picture, the patient sees a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstre
43、am and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carry away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patients positive attitude fight the disease. Doctors are not certain why
44、 this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease. Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is th
45、e use of suggestion therapy. At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance（催眠状态）. Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medica
46、l problem. The patients mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment. Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians h
47、ave used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient
48、 with a chronic（慢性的）diseases. Asthma （哮喘） is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this dis
49、order. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily. Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 ast
50、hmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had Excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they w
51、ere not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems. Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important ap
52、plications in medicine.15. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children. B. How modern therapy focuses on the disease.C. Responses from the medical world.D. How to use the mind against disease.16. How does psychological therapy work? A. The patient wait
53、s for the medicine and treatment to cure him. B. The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patients problems. C. The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease. D. The patient uses his mind to cure himself.17. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.?
54、A. The medical treatment can cure the patients mental disease. B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary. C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment. D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.18. The use of psychological therapy i
55、s helpful to some patients in that . A. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it B. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells C. the patients attitudes towards themselves have changed D. the patients are easy to accept the methods the
56、doctors use to treat them19. It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to . A. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases B. help the patients with chronic diseases C. help change some bad habits D. help cure patients of insomnia（失眠症）20. According to the p
57、assage, which of the following remains unknown so far? A. The value of mental therapy. B. The effectiveness of suggestion therapy. C. The working principle of suggestion therapy. D. The importance of psychology in medical treatment.CCDBB CBABC BACB .DCBCDC高考资源网独家精品资源，欢迎下载！高考资源网Ks5uK&S%5#UKs5uKs%U高考资源网高考资源网高考资源网