1、Unit 2 Sailing the OceansWarming up What is the difference between a navigator nvget(r)and an explorer?A navigator explores _.An explorer discovers new places _.the sea on land Can you identify these early navigational instruments seamen used and explain how they are used?compass kmpsastrolabestrleb
2、星盘The astrolabe measures the height and position of the sun.From this a captain can tell where the boat is in the ocean.nautical n:tkl chart 航海图Nautical charts are maps of the depth of the sea and the currents of the oceans.Sailing the OceansR写出下列单词的变化形式 1仁慈，怜悯 n._；仁慈的 adj._ 2探险，探测 v._；探险，探测 n._ 3最小
3、的 _；最大的_ 4 安全的，可靠的 adj._；安全，保证 n._；5 参考，查阅 v._；参考，提及 n._ 6 精确的，准确的 adj._；精确度，准确性n._ mercymercifulexploreexplorationminimummaximumsecuresecurityreferreferencepreciseprecisionR写出下列单词的变化形式 7 简单化，单一化 v._；简单的 adj._；8.趋向，倾向 n._；倾向，趋向v._ 9.依赖，依靠 v._；可靠的，可信赖的 adj._；信任，依赖 n._ 10.生存，幸存 v._；生存，幸存n._ 11.挨饿v._；饿
4、死n._ 12.心理学n._；心理上的adj._ 心理上地，心理学地 adv._ simplifysimpletendencytendrelyreliablereliancesurvivesurvivalstarvestarvationpsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallyR写出下列单词的变化形式 13 逐渐的，逐步的adj._；逐渐地 adv._；14.预见，预知 v._；15.渴，口渴 n._；口渴的 adj._；gradualgraduallyforeseeforesawforeseen thirstythirstDiscussion of the
5、structure Part 1 Introduction Part 2 Using nature to help(celestial bodies,wildlife,the weather,the sea)Part 3 Using navigational instruments to help(finding longitude and latitude)Paragraph 1R1.很可能R2.标出船只的位置R3.voyageR4.任凭海洋摆布R5.导航设备/航海技术15Paragraph 1We may well wonder how seaman explored the oceans
6、 before latitude and longitude.R1很可能well:adv.(用于can,could,may,might之后)肯定，可能，有理由e.g.These are excellent photographs，and we may well use them in our magazine.这些是很不错的照片，我们很有可能把它们用在我们的杂志上。may well R2.标出(确定)船只的位置 plot a ships position(on a map)R3.任凭海洋摆布 at the mercy of the seaR4.导航的辅助手段/设备/航海技术 navigatio
7、nal nvenl aid/skill(vi/vt)航海，航空navigate nvet（n.）航海，航空navigation nvgen（n.）航海家,驾驶员navigator nvget(r)The voyages of travellers before the 17thcentury show that/they were not at the mercy of the sea/even though they did not have modern navigational aids.17世纪以前的航海记录显示，即使没有现代航海技术的帮助，他们也没有任凭海洋摆布。(1)voyage
8、n./vi.航海,航行过去从英国航行到印度要六个月。The voyage from England to India used to take six months.go on/make/take a sea voyage去航海旅行voyager n.航行者,航海者trip a journey to a place and back,especially for a shortvisit 公务或游玩的短程、短程旅行journey an act of traveling from one place to another,especially when they are far apart.时间
9、较长的长途旅行travel/U/the general act of traveling 抽象概念，泛指旅行的行为travels several journeys to other places or countries,especially far away 漫游，海外旅行voyage a long journey especially by sea or in space水上或空中旅行tour the act of walking around a town,buildinga journey made for pleasure during several different towns
10、,countries are visited.周游或巡回比赛,演出等1.They have got everything ready to make a _ across the Atlantic.2.They came back home after years of foreign _3.My father is on a business _ now.4.She has a dream of taking a round-the-world _.5.The _ was long and difficult.voyagetraveltriptourjourneyR(2)at the mer
11、cy ofunder the control of sb/sth;in the power of sb/sth由支配。例如：R.他们在海上迷路了，任凭风和天气的摆布。They were lost at sea,_.R.我不喜欢在这样一个男人的摆布下工作。I dont like to work _ /I dont like to work _.at the mercy of wind and weatherat the mercy of such a manat his mercy have mercy on/show mercy to 对表示怜悯 The terrorists showed n
12、o mercy to the hostages.without mercy 毫不留情地 The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.Its a mercy(that)(口)幸运的是,幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运)a.Its a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.b.幸运的是她伤的不重_Its a mercy(that)she wasnt seriously hurt.Sentence:Latitude and longitude made
13、it possible to plot a ships position on a map.P1经纬度的使用使得人们得以在地图上标绘出(确定)船只的位置。make it possible to do sth.使做成为可能e.g.Spaceship makes it possible to travel to the moon.R宇宙飞船使去月球旅行成为可能。The music made it possible for you to fall asleep.R音乐使你能够入睡。26Page 1 R.冒最小的风险carry the minimum amount of riskminimum:adj
14、.最小的,最低的n.最小值e.g.他没费什么劲就通过了考试。He passed the exams with _.(opp.)You have to develop your capabilities to the maximum.你必须尽你所能。maximum:adj.最高的,最多的 n.最大量,最大限度 the minimum amount of effort272.celestial bodies slestil天体 3.北极 南极 北极星 (在)赤道 沿着地平线 horizon:n.地平线;(知识,思想等的)范围,视野 e.g.I could see a ship on the hor
15、izon.我可以看见地平线上有一艘轮船。R开阔视野 widen/broaden ones horizon(at)the North Pole(at)the South Pole the North Star(at)(the)equator kwet(r)along the horizonhrazn 284.熟练的航海家（造诣深的）accomplished navigators =experienced 5.中午/正午时分 at midday/at noon 黎明/破晓时分 at dawn/sunrise/daybreak 傍晚/薄暮时分 at dusk/sunset/skillful 296.
16、特殊的云层a special cloud formation formation:形成物,已形成的东西e.g.Clouds are formations of tiny drops of water in the sky.云是由空中极细微的水滴构成。307.在附近8.根据颜色和气味来判断tell by the colour and smell9.筑巢而居的小鸟nesting birdsBirds Nest（鸟巢）10.在远离海岸的公海上(be)offshore in the open sea11.确定方位identify the positionclose by/nearby3112.加速ac
17、celerate the speed accelerate vt./vi.加速,促进（指增加活动、成长或进步的速度）e.g.R加速经济发展 accelerate economic development 随着经济增长的加速，一些大城市的绿地变得越来越少。With the acceleration of economic growth,the green areas in some big cities are becoming less and less.32 Certain tides and currents could be used by skillful sailors to car
18、ry ships to their destination.tide n.潮,潮汐,潮流,趋势e.g.a tide of immigrationTime and tide wait for no man.时不我待/岁月不等人。(时机,有利的场合,机会)移民潮 Sentence：On a clear day especially during the summer the sailors could use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by.Sun*On a clear day/especially during the summer the s
19、ailors could use the sun overhead at midday to navigate by.在晴朗的日子里，特别是夏天，船员可以利用正午在头顶上的太阳来导航(过海)。在公园里，我看见一个小男孩手持风筝线，风筝在他的头顶上随风摆动，忽上忽下。In the park I saw a little boy holding the string of a kite.In the park I saw a little boy holding the string of a kite,which was flying overhead at the mercy of the w
20、ind,up and down.The kite was flying overhead at the mercy of the wind,up and down.Page 21.理论问题2.在一定时间内8.减少出错的趋势3.复杂的数学表4.直线行驶5.it is difficult(=?)to use6.一种比较精确的和简单的版本7.固定的参照点1.理论问题the theoretical problem2.在一定时间内during a fixed period of time3.复杂的数学表complicated mathematical tables(表格)*pie chart(饼图),b
21、ar chart(柱图)graph(曲线图)4.直线航行set a straight course There was no secure method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved the theoretical problem.page 2 Finding longitudeThere was no secure method of measuring longitude until the 17th century when the British solved the theo
22、retical problem.直到17世纪英国人解决了这个理论问题后，人们才有了测量经度的可靠方法。An early method of _(measure)speed involved throwing a _(knot)rope _(tie)to a log over the side of the ship.page 2 Finding longitudeAn early method of measuring speed involved throwing a knotted rope(which is)tied to a log over the side of the ship.
23、早期测量速度的方法是(需要)沿着船边拉一根打结的绳子，这根绳子是系在一根圆木上的。tiedknottedmeasuringinvolve 1)包含，需要 doinge.g.测试需要回答有关图片的问题。The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.2)参加，加入 sb.in sthe.g.所有的孩子都参加了学校排练的剧。All the children involved themselves in the school play.All the children _the school play.were involve
24、d in3)牵涉，影响(vt.)e.g.别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。Dont _ other people _ your trouble.involved(adj.)e.g.The problem involved is basically simple.This is a very involved problem.所涉及的 复杂的=complicated/complexinvolveinmeasure(vt.)-测量，给量尺寸e.g.measure speed 测量速度量尺寸、面积e.g.那条河长250公里，宽60米。That river measures 250 kilometres l
25、ong and 60 metres wide.*与表示数量的词(短语)连用，其主语是表示物的名词,不用在进行时 打量;估量e.g.She measured the stranger with her eyes.她用双眼打量着那个陌生人。42measure(n.)-C.措施e.g.The government was urged to take measures to fight against the spread of AIDS.人们敦促政府采取措施以防止爱滋病的传播。尺寸U.e.g.Mr.Smith asked the tailor to make some new clothes acc
26、ording to his own measure.史密斯先生要求裁缝照他的尺寸做新衣服。43The earliest,the astrolabe,was a special all-in-onetool for telling the position of the ship in relation tothe sun and various stars which covered the whole sky.The AstrolabeThe earliest,the astrolabe,was a special all-in-one tool for telling the positi
27、on of the shipin relation to(which is related to)the sun and various stars which covered the whole sky.(它们当中)最早的那个,星盘,是一种特殊的集多功能于一体 的工具，可用来判断船只的位置与太阳和布满天空的各种星星之间的相关的位置。445.It was awkward(difficult)to use It was easier to handle because it was more portable.awkward-difficult to handle or manage6.一种更加
28、精确的和简化的版本a more precise and simplified version7.固定的参照点 the fixed points of reference reference n.提及,涉及,参考,参考书目,证明书(人),介绍信(人)在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。At the meeting the teacher _ _his heroic deeds.这些是教师参考书。These are _ for teachers.made reference to reference books refer v.提到,涉及,查阅 她的学生经常查这本字典。Her pupils often
29、referred to this dictionary.别再提那件事。Dont refer to it again.Our economy is referred to as a free market.我们的经济被称作自由市场经济。478.减少了出差错的趋势reduce the tendency to make mistakes the Sextanttendency C.(pl.cies)1)趋势，趋向(=trend)+towards/to There is a growing tendency to/towards有一种增加的趋势There is a growing tendency f
30、or people to work at home instead of in offices.482)倾向，偏好e.g.I have a tendency to talk too much when Im nervous.我紧张时总爱唠叨。have a tendency to do 总爱做偏好做49 It works by measuring the angle between two fixed objects outside the ship using two mirrors.This made the calculations more precise and easier to d
31、o.(定从/分词作状语),which made the calculations more precise and easier to do.,making the calculations more precise and easier to do.它的工作方式是用两块镜子来测量船外两个固状物体之间的角度，这就使得计数更加精确，而且更容易操作。这就by plot a ships position at the mercy of modern navigational aids carry the minimum amount of risk celestial bodies an accom
32、plished navigator the sun overhead Work out their latitude they are offshore and in the open sea tide and current during their outward or return journey 确定船的位置 受的支配 现代的导航仪器 冒最小的风险 天体 有经验的航海家 头顶上的太阳 算出他们的纬度位置 他们远离了海岸的公海上 潮汐和水流 在出海和返航时Translation exercise 1.渐渐地（gradually），我习惯了学校的常规（routine）。既然我已经上了高级班
33、（the advanced class)，就可以自己制定学习计划了。I have gradually got used to/accepted/been accustomed to the routine at school now that/since I am in the advanced class and can make my own study plan.2.让那个女孩来拍广告（advertising）有一个不利的方面（drawback），就是她方方的下巴（square jaw）使她看上去不大友好(unfriendly)。The drawback of using that gi
34、rl for the advertising was her square jaw which made her look unfriendly.3.数学（mathematics）是一门需要精密准确（precise and accurate）工作的学科。Mathematics is a subject which demands/requires/needs precise and accurate work.(precision,accuracy)4.在公园里，我看见一个小男孩手持风筝线（the string of a kite），风筝在他的头顶上（overhead）随风摆动（at the
35、mercy of the wind），忽上忽下。In the park I saw a small boy holding the string of a kite overhead which was rising and falling at the mercy of the wind.In the parkoverhead,at the mercy of the wind,up and down.5.那个探险家（explorer）想成为第一个到达南极（the South Pole）的人以确保（secure）他在历史上的地位。That explorer wanted to secure h
36、is place in history by being the first man to reach the South Pole/arrive at the South Pole.6.王先生每月都往银行里存款（deposit），好攒钱买一所公寓，以尽他对家庭的责任（fulfil his responsibility to his family）。Mr.Wang made a deposit/deposited into the bank every month to save/in expectation of saving for a flat/an apartment so that
37、he could fulfil his responsibility to his family.语篇领悟 根据课文 Sailing the oceansWe may want to know _(1)_ seamen explored the oceans _(2)_ latitude and longitude appeared._(3)_ they didnt have the modern navigational helps,seamen _(4)_ still control the sea by using some skills to explore seas _(5)_ di
38、scover the new lands._(6)_(use)nature is the first and most useful form of _(7)_(explore)keeping the ship _(8)_(sail)howbeforeEven thoughcouldandUsingexplorationsailingalongside the coastline,such as celestial bodies,wildlife,weather,and the sea.Because of these skills,sailors increased the ability _(9)_ navigate new seas when they used _(10)_(instrument),including longitude and latitude.toinstruments