1、选择性必修 第一册 Unit 5 (限时：35分钟).阅读理解AEducators Rising NYC ChapterTime of the event: October 2019August 2020Contact: Angel WinstonEducators Rising NYC Chapter is a program for students in Grades 11 and 12 who have an interest in teaching.Chapters will participate in educationfocused activities at your sch
2、ool and in monthly engagement opportunities hosted by NYC Men Teach.With the support of teachers or schoolbased staff members at your school, you can learn about careers in education.YVote Pizza and Politics ForumsTime of the event: OngoingContact: Sanda Balaban/9175438350Do you care about issues in
3、 and beyond your school and community? YVote brings together students from high schools across NYC to analyze the issues crime, climate, and immigration justice through the importance of voting.Students will explore activism, collective power, and electoral politics.High School Apprenticeship (学徒工作)
4、 ProgramTime of the event: February 2020August 2020Contact: Joana Arruda/6464374273The High School Apprenticeship Program A Living Memorial to the Holocaust offers NYC public high school students a challenging program of work and study as they learn about Jewish heritage, the Holocaust, and what goe
5、s on “behind the scenes” at a museum.Headache and ArtsTime of the event: OngoingContact: headacheandarts Headache and Arts is a STEAMbased medicine and visual arts program.This oneweek health education program for health and visual arts classes seeks to teach high school students about the brain and
6、 headache.Several structured materials are provided for educators including adaptable curriculum and lesson plans.1What can people learn in Educators Rising NYC Chapter?AHow to be a teacher.BHow to host TV programs.CHow to write novel chapters.DHow to fight against climate change.2What do YVote Pizz
7、a and Politics Forums and Headache and Arts have in common?ABoth have the same theme.BBoth are longterm programs.CBoth are held in the same school.DBoth get support from local communities.3Who are these four programs intended for?AEmployees.BTeachers.CStudents. DParents.BI took a trip to visit New Y
8、ork with my dad after graduating from high school.One of the places on his list for us to visit was a “rare violin shop”We made our way down the crowded streets and stopped in front of a tall building.This building was not what I had pictured.Id been imagining a streetlevel shop, open to the public,
9、 with some interesting and older violins on display.As we walked inside, we were greeted by a receptionist who asked if we had an appointment, since they were by appointment only.I wanted the ground to swallow me whole and was about to waive the visit.But my dad eagerly told them that no, and he sin
10、cerely explained that I played the violin with my high school orchestra and we would love to just pop inside and browse!The receptionist gave us an odd look but excused herself to talk to a welldressed man.Luckily, the man told us that since he had no other appointments right now, he would love to g
11、ive us a tour! The starting price for a violin here, we found out, was 10k.He showed us around a very privatefeeling and swankylooking condo (奢华的工作间), pointing at a room where he casually mentioned he would chat with Joshua Bell when he came by.My jaw was on the floor the entire time.At the end, the
12、 man picked up a Stradivarius and asked me to pizz a string while he held it.And he said, “Now youve played a Stradivarius.”I dont remember the mans name, but Im so glad that he decided to show a noappointment, noncustomer around.He inspired me to continue pursuing my instrument after high school!4W
13、hy did the authors father take her to the violin shop?ATo buy a new violin for the school orchestra.BTo show support for the authors hobby.CTo ask the receptionist for an appointment.DTo meet famous violinists.5What does the underlined word “waive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AGive up.BPut off.CPay
14、 for. DPrepare for.6What can we infer about the man showing them around?AHe is highly educated.BHe is respectful but strict.CHe is friendly and considerate.DHe is good at making musical instruments.7Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo share her experience of learning about some wonderf
15、ul violins.BTo show her appreciation for a man in a rare violin shop.CTo encourage readers to stick to their dreams.DTo tell the importance of communication.CLifelike robots that can make decisions, adapt to their environment and learn, are one step closer thanks to a University of Bristol team who
16、has shown a new way of fixing data processing into soft robotic materials.This new advance, published in Science Robotics, could create new robotic possibilities to environmental monitoring, pollution cleanup, drug delivery, wearable devices, and selfhealing structures.So far, the complexity and ran
17、ge of learned behaviors which can be created using only materialsbased control approaches have been limited.The concept of Soft Matter Computers (SMCs) is evolved from the workings of the vascular (血管的)system, where hormones such as adrenaline (肾上腺素) are released into the bloodstream and move in dif
18、ferent directions throughout the body.When detected by a receptor, hormones then bring about responses in particular parts of the body such as increased blood flow in flight muscles and expansion of the pupils (瞳孔) in the eyes.Now, researchers from Bristols Faculty of Engineering, led by Professor J
19、onathan Rossiter, have successfully shown a new mechanism that enabled computation to be fixed into three soft robots.In their paper, the team describes how a conductive fluid receptor (CFR) is a practicable and fundamental building block for a range of SMCs and nextgeneration robots.In the near fut
20、ure, SMCs could mirror this process by translating information within the structure of a fluidic tape that travels through the soft body of the robot, and then is detected by an appropriate receptor and then produces an output.Professor Rossiter said，“We have taken an important step toward entirely
21、soft, autonomous robots and smart materials moving beyond stimulusresponse (刺激反应的) strategies which could enable the intelligent behaviors seen in living creatures.Soft robots could become even more lifelike and they could be capable of independently adapting to their environment and can show the di
22、versity of behaviours seen in the natural world.”8What will happen with the invention of lifelike robots according to Paragraph 1?AThey will be able to heal themselves.BThey will bring benefits to many fields.CThey may negatively affect the employment.DThey may change peoples way of fixing data.9Whe
23、re does the inspiration for SMCs come from?ABiology.BComputation.CBuilding material. DBehavioral psychology.10Which of the following would Jonathan Rossiter most probably agree with?ASoft robots depend on stimulusresponse strategies.BSoft robots require simple computation systems.CCFR will be widely
24、 used in the future robots.DCFR is far from being practicable.11What would be the best title for the text?AThe Effect of Lifelike Robots on Medical ScienceBThe Working Principle of Lifelike RobotsCLifelike Robots Soon to Be RealityDBenefits of Lifelike RobotsDItalians are some of the fastest speaker
25、s on the planet, chattering at up to nine syllables (音节) per second.Many Germans are slow speakers, delivering five to six syllables in the same amount of time.Yet in any given minute, Italians and Germans transmit (传输) roughly the same amount of information, according to a new study.Scientists star
26、ted with written texts from 17 languages, including English, Italian, Japanese, and Vietnamese.They calculated the information density of each language in bits.They found that Japanese, which has only 643 syllables, had an information density of about 5 bits per syllable, whereas English, with its 6
27、，949 syllables, had a density of just over 7 bits per syllable.Vietnamese, with its complex system of six tones, topped the charts at 8 bits per syllable.Next, the researchers spent 3 years, recording 10 speakers from 14 of the 17 languages.Each participant read aloud 15 identical passages that had
28、been translated into their mother tongue.After noting how long the speakers took to get through their readings, the researchers calculated an average speech rate per language, measured in syllables/second.Some languages were clearly faster than others.But when the researchers multiplied this rate by
29、 the bit rate to find out how much information was moved per second, they were shocked by the results.No matter how fast or slow, how simple or complex, each language gravitated toward an average rate of 39.15 bits per second.But why? Pellegrino and his colleagues suspect that the answer has everyth
30、ing to do with the limits imposed by our fragile biology how much information our brains can take in or produce at any one time.De Boer, an evolutionary linguist who studies speech production at the Free University of Brussels, agrees that our brains are the bottleneck.Thats because, he says, the av
31、erage person can listen to audio recordings sped up to about 120%, and still has no problems with comprehension.“It really seems that the bottleneck is in putting the ideas together.”12Which language ranks first in terms of information density according to Paragraph 2?AItalian.BVietnamese.CEnglish.
32、DJapanese.13What can we know from the study?AJapanese speakers convey more information in a fixed time.BThe number of syllables of a language may be changeable.CGermans tend to transmit more information than Italians.DHuman speech may have a universal information transmission rate.14What leads to th
33、e result of the finding?APeoples fragile comprehension.BRestriction of humans brain.CInformation density.DComplexity of the language.15What is the structure of the whole text?A/ B/C/ D/.阅读七选五Being laughed at or joked about can happen during the process of learning a language. 16 The following are so
34、me ways to overcome the anxiety. 17 Remind yourself that you are learning the language, so it is normal to make mistakes.Sometimes the best thing to do is just smile, take a deep breath and try not to let the fear of laughter stop you from learning the language.Practice your speaking skills. One of
35、the best ways to practice your speaking skills is doing role plays.In a role play, two or more people act out an imaginary situation, for example, going to a market or talking to a bus driver. 18 You have a lot of questions about taking the bus.Then you can practice the questions on your friend.If y
36、ou are unable to find a practice partner, you can practice in your head or you can talk out loud.Dont be afraid to ask questions. If you are worried about what to do in the moment when someone laughs at what you said, the solution can be simple. 19 For example, “Is there a different way that I could
37、 have said it？” or “How would you usually say it？” Then, once you know the issue, you can bring the information to a trusted person and ask them to help you correct it.Keep a sense of humor.Keeping a sense of humor can make the long process of learning a language more fun.You might even laugh with t
38、he person who is laughing or making the joke. 20 ARelax and be patient with yourself.BLets explore why some people laugh first.CYou can imagine your friend is the driver.DKindly ask the person the reason for the laughter.EYoud better not set learning goals that are too strict.FThis may feel strange
39、at first but get easier with time.GAnd it may make some learners nervous about speaking their new language.选择性必修 第一册 Unit 5 (限时：35分钟).阅读理解AEducators Rising NYC ChapterTime of the event: October 2019August 2020Contact: Angel WinstonEducators Rising NYC Chapter is a program for students in Grades 11 a
40、nd 12 who have an interest in teaching.Chapters will participate in educationfocused activities at your school and in monthly engagement opportunities hosted by NYC Men Teach.With the support of teachers or schoolbased staff members at your school, you can learn about careers in education.YVote Pizz
41、a and Politics ForumsTime of the event: OngoingContact: Sanda Balaban/9175438350Do you care about issues in and beyond your school and community? YVote brings together students from high schools across NYC to analyze the issues crime, climate, and immigration justice through the importance of voting
42、.Students will explore activism, collective power, and electoral politics.High School Apprenticeship (学徒工作) ProgramTime of the event: February 2020August 2020Contact: Joana Arruda/6464374273The High School Apprenticeship Program A Living Memorial to the Holocaust offers NYC public high school studen
43、ts a challenging program of work and study as they learn about Jewish heritage, the Holocaust, and what goes on “behind the scenes” at a museum.Headache and ArtsTime of the event: OngoingContact: headacheandarts Headache and Arts is a STEAMbased medicine and visual arts program.This oneweek health e
44、ducation program for health and visual arts classes seeks to teach high school students about the brain and headache.Several structured materials are provided for educators including adaptable curriculum and lesson plans.语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章向中学生推荐了四个活动项目。1What can people learn in Educators Rising NYC Ch
45、apter?AHow to be a teacher.BHow to host TV programs.CHow to write novel chapters.DHow to fight against climate change.解析：选A细节理解题。根据Educators Rising NYC Chapter中的“who have an interest in teaching”以及“learn about careers in education”可知，参与该活动项目可学习如何成为老师。2What do YVote Pizza and Politics Forums and Head
46、ache and Arts have in common?ABoth have the same theme.BBoth are longterm programs.CBoth are held in the same school.DBoth get support from local communities.解析：选B推理判断题。根据这两个活动项目中的“Time of the event: Ongoing”可知，这两个项目的共性是两者都是长期性的活动。3Who are these four programs intended for?AEmployees.BTeachers.CStude
47、nts. DParents.解析：选C推理判断题。全文都是针对中学生的活动项目，可推知这四项活动是为学生设计的。BI took a trip to visit New York with my dad after graduating from high school.One of the places on his list for us to visit was a “rare violin shop”We made our way down the crowded streets and stopped in front of a tall building.This building
48、was not what I had pictured.Id been imagining a streetlevel shop, open to the public, with some interesting and older violins on display.As we walked inside, we were greeted by a receptionist who asked if we had an appointment, since they were by appointment only.I wanted the ground to swallow me wh
49、ole and was about to waive the visit.But my dad eagerly told them that no, and he sincerely explained that I played the violin with my high school orchestra and we would love to just pop inside and browse!The receptionist gave us an odd look but excused herself to talk to a welldressed man.Luckily,
50、the man told us that since he had no other appointments right now, he would love to give us a tour! The starting price for a violin here, we found out, was 10k.He showed us around a very privatefeeling and swankylooking condo (奢华的工作间), pointing at a room where he casually mentioned he would chat wit
51、h Joshua Bell when he came by.My jaw was on the floor the entire time.At the end, the man picked up a Stradivarius and asked me to pizz a string while he held it.And he said, “Now youve played a Stradivarius.”I dont remember the mans name, but Im so glad that he decided to show a noappointment, nonc
52、ustomer around.He inspired me to continue pursuing my instrument after high school!语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者和父亲一起冒然光顾一个高端的小提琴商铺受到接待人员礼遇的故事。4Why did the authors father take her to the violin shop?ATo buy a new violin for the school orchestra.BTo show support for the authors hobby.CTo ask the receptio
53、nist for an appointment.DTo meet famous violinists.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“sincerely explained that I played the violin”及最后两段内容可知，作者的父亲带作者去小提琴店是为了支持作者的爱好。5What does the underlined word “waive” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AGive up.BPut off.CPay for. DPrepare for.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线部分前面内容可知，作者因为没有提前预约，所以感到很尴尬
54、并打算放弃参观。6What can we infer about the man showing them around?AHe is highly educated.BHe is respectful but strict.CHe is friendly and considerate.DHe is good at making musical instruments.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“the man told us that since he had no other appointments .”及第五段中的“the man picked up a Stradivar
55、ius and .”可知，带他们参观的那个人很友好和体贴。7Whats the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo share her experience of learning about some wonderful violins.BTo show her appreciation for a man in a rare violin shop.CTo encourage readers to stick to their dreams.DTo tell the importance of communication.解析：选B写作意图题。根
56、据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，作者参观小提琴店受到接待人员的礼遇，这激励她高中毕业后继续她的乐器生涯，因此她对那个人心存感激。CLifelike robots that can make decisions, adapt to their environment and learn, are one step closer thanks to a University of Bristol team who has shown a new way of fixing data processing into soft robotic materials.This new advance, pu
57、blished in Science Robotics, could create new robotic possibilities to environmental monitoring, pollution cleanup, drug delivery, wearable devices, and selfhealing structures.So far, the complexity and range of learned behaviors which can be created using only materialsbased control approaches have
58、 been limited.The concept of Soft Matter Computers (SMCs) is evolved from the workings of the vascular (血管的)system, where hormones such as adrenaline (肾上腺素) are released into the bloodstream and move in different directions throughout the body.When detected by a receptor, hormones then bring about r
59、esponses in particular parts of the body such as increased blood flow in flight muscles and expansion of the pupils (瞳孔) in the eyes.Now, researchers from Bristols Faculty of Engineering, led by Professor Jonathan Rossiter, have successfully shown a new mechanism that enabled computation to be fixed
60、 into three soft robots.In their paper, the team describes how a conductive fluid receptor (CFR) is a practicable and fundamental building block for a range of SMCs and nextgeneration robots.In the near future, SMCs could mirror this process by translating information within the structure of a fluid
61、ic tape that travels through the soft body of the robot, and then is detected by an appropriate receptor and then produces an output.Professor Rossiter said，“We have taken an important step toward entirely soft, autonomous robots and smart materials moving beyond stimulusresponse (刺激反应的) strategies
62、which could enable the intelligent behaviors seen in living creatures.Soft robots could become even more lifelike and they could be capable of independently adapting to their environment and can show the diversity of behaviours seen in the natural world.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。布里斯托大学研究团队的研究工作使仿生机器人离我们更近了一步。8
63、What will happen with the invention of lifelike robots according to Paragraph 1?AThey will be able to heal themselves.BThey will bring benefits to many fields.CThey may negatively affect the employment.DThey may change peoples way of fixing data.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段中的“This new advance .wearable devices,
64、 and selfhealing structures.”可知，仿生机器人面世后会给多个领域带来益处。9Where does the inspiration for SMCs come from?ABiology.BComputation.CBuilding material. DBehavioral psychology.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The concept of Soft Matter Computers (SMCs) is evolved from the workings of the vascular (血管的) system”可知，软物质计算机的灵感源于生物
65、学。10Which of the following would Jonathan Rossiter most probably agree with?ASoft robots depend on stimulusresponse strategies.BSoft robots require simple computation systems.CCFR will be widely used in the future robots.DCFR is far from being practicable.解析：选C观点态度题。根据第四段中的“the team describes how a
66、conductive fluid receptor .and nextgeneration robots”可知，CFR将会被广泛用于未来的机器人。11What would be the best title for the text?AThe Effect of Lifelike Robots on Medical ScienceBThe Working Principle of Lifelike RobotsCLifelike Robots Soon to Be RealityDBenefits of Lifelike Robots解析：选C标题归纳题。综合全文可知，文章介绍了在仿生机器人研
67、究方面所取得的进展，揭示仿生机器人将成为现实。DItalians are some of the fastest speakers on the planet, chattering at up to nine syllables (音节) per second.Many Germans are slow speakers, delivering five to six syllables in the same amount of time.Yet in any given minute, Italians and Germans transmit (传输) roughly the same
68、 amount of information, according to a new study.Scientists started with written texts from 17 languages, including English, Italian, Japanese, and Vietnamese.They calculated the information density of each language in bits.They found that Japanese, which has only 643 syllables, had an information d
69、ensity of about 5 bits per syllable, whereas English, with its 6，949 syllables, had a density of just over 7 bits per syllable.Vietnamese, with its complex system of six tones, topped the charts at 8 bits per syllable.Next, the researchers spent 3 years, recording 10 speakers from 14 of the 17 langu
70、ages.Each participant read aloud 15 identical passages that had been translated into their mother tongue.After noting how long the speakers took to get through their readings, the researchers calculated an average speech rate per language, measured in syllables/second.Some languages were clearly fas
71、ter than others.But when the researchers multiplied this rate by the bit rate to find out how much information was moved per second, they were shocked by the results.No matter how fast or slow, how simple or complex, each language gravitated toward an average rate of 39.15 bits per second.But why? P
72、ellegrino and his colleagues suspect that the answer has everything to do with the limits imposed by our fragile biology how much information our brains can take in or produce at any one time.De Boer, an evolutionary linguist who studies speech production at the Free University of Brussels, agrees t
73、hat our brains are the bottleneck.Thats because, he says, the average person can listen to audio recordings sped up to about 120%, and still has no problems with comprehension.“It really seems that the bottleneck is in putting the ideas together.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现：不管世界上不同语言的语速有多么不同，单位时间内
74、各种语言所传递的信息量都是相差不多的。12Which language ranks first in terms of information density according to Paragraph 2?AItalian.BVietnamese.CEnglish. DJapanese.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Vietnamese, with its complex system of six tones, topped the charts at 8 bits per syllable.”可知，越南语在信息密度方面排名第一。13What can we know from t
75、he study?AJapanese speakers convey more information in a fixed time.BThe number of syllables of a language may be changeable.CGermans tend to transmit more information than Italians.DHuman speech may have a universal information transmission rate.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Yet in any given minute, Italians
76、and Germans .information”及第四段中“No matter how fast or slow .an average rate of 39.15 bits per second.”可知，人类语言可能具有普遍的传输速率。14What leads to the result of the finding?APeoples fragile comprehension.BRestriction of humans brain.CInformation density.DComplexity of the language.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第五段中的“the answer
77、 has everything to do with .at any one time”以及第六段的内容可知，是我们有限的脑容量使不同的语言以相同的速度传递信息。15What is the structure of the whole text?A/ B/C/ D/解析：选D文章结构题。纵观全文可知，第一段介绍研究的结论，24段介绍整个研究的过程，56段分析结论产生的原因，由此可知答案。.阅读七选五Being laughed at or joked about can happen during the process of learning a language. 16 The follow
78、ing are some ways to overcome the anxiety. 17 Remind yourself that you are learning the language, so it is normal to make mistakes.Sometimes the best thing to do is just smile, take a deep breath and try not to let the fear of laughter stop you from learning the language.Practice your speaking skill
79、s. One of the best ways to practice your speaking skills is doing role plays.In a role play, two or more people act out an imaginary situation, for example, going to a market or talking to a bus driver. 18 You have a lot of questions about taking the bus.Then you can practice the questions on your f
80、riend.If you are unable to find a practice partner, you can practice in your head or you can talk out loud.Dont be afraid to ask questions. If you are worried about what to do in the moment when someone laughs at what you said, the solution can be simple. 19 For example, “Is there a different way th
81、at I could have said it？” or “How would you usually say it？” Then, once you know the issue, you can bring the information to a trusted person and ask them to help you correct it.Keep a sense of humor.Keeping a sense of humor can make the long process of learning a language more fun.You might even la
82、ugh with the person who is laughing or making the joke. 20 ARelax and be patient with yourself.BLets explore why some people laugh first.CYou can imagine your friend is the driver.DKindly ask the person the reason for the laughter.EYoud better not set learning goals that are too strict.FThis may fee
83、l strange at first but get easier with time.GAnd it may make some learners nervous about speaking their new language.语篇解读：本文是一篇是说明文。文章主要介绍了在学习一门新的语言遭遇嘲笑时的几个应对措施。16选G该空设于段中，承接上文内容，说明在学习新的语言时，被嘲笑会使学习者感到紧张。17选A该空设于段首，是该段的主题句，从该段中“it is normal to make mistakes”，“take a deep breath”等可知，学习一门新的语言时要放松并对自己耐心一些。18选C该空设于段中，承上启下，说明在锻炼说的技能时，可以想象你的朋友是一名公交车司机。19选D该空设于段中，与下文存在解释关系，说明在遭遇嘲笑时，可以礼貌地问别人自己被嘲笑的原因。20选F该空设于段尾，与上文存在指代关系，F项中的this指代“You might even laugh with the person .”。
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