1、Unit 5重点单词变形,词组,短语,句型练习(重点单词全覆盖)基础知识自测重点单词变形1reference n指称关系;参考 vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫求助于2based adj.以(某事)为基础的 vt.以为基础 n底部;根据 n基础 adj.基础的3variety n异体;多样化 v变化;不同 adj.各种各样的4major adj.主要的 n主修课程;主修学生 vi.主修 n大多数5global adj.全球的;全世界的 n地球;地球仪6appreciate vt.欣赏;感激;领会 n感激;欣赏 adj.感激的 7beg vt.恳求;祈求 n乞丐8equal n同等的人;相
2、等物 adj.相同的;同样的 adv.平等地 n平等9demand n要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 adj.要求高的 10description n描写(文字);形容 vt.描述11relate vt.联系;讲述 adj.相关的 n关系 n关系重点词组1.原产于某地_2.指的是;描述;提到;查阅 _3.尽管_4.以为基础;_5.追溯到 _6.多种多样的;各种各样的_7.主修学科_8.用.办法;借助. _9.绝不,无论如何都不_10.将认为;把视为_一、用单词的适当形式完成句子1This report offered the most specific and accurate_ (desc
3、ribe) of the problems. 2All my research has helped me appreciate the importance of protecting heritage sites of human_(civil). 3The capital city London is a ancient port city that has a history _ (date) back to Roman times. 4They have to have a _(base)understanding of computers in order to use the a
4、dvanced technology.5He talked with his parents without _(refer)to the fact that he had registered for an institute.6The classroom is a place _ teachers and students can interact. 7However, a pocket dictionary doesnt contain enough entries to be adequate for college _(refer) homework. 8We are just to
5、 reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. 9Id like to know the reason _youre so late. 10Give your brother my_ (regard) when you see him. 11Environmental pollution is regarded as a _ (globe) phenomenon. 12Everyone of us was created_ (equality), and we are the God in our own world.
6、13Education has always been a hot topic(话题)among parents as it directly relates_ the future of their children. 14White has always been _ symbol of purity in Western cultures. 15Experts suggested we should pay attention to the problem referred_ in the meeting. 16He used _ (be) one of my professors. 1
7、7He suffers from memory loss _(relate)to his disease. 18I think that your advice is _ great importance for my English study.19I would appreciate _ if you can recommend a pen pal to me.20She demanded that he _ (return) the books he had borrowed from her. 21She is _ (regard) as the current leaders nat
8、ural successor. 22This book, with its vivid_of the life of ancient Chinese people, will be of great interest to a wide range of readers.(describe)23With the Spring Festival drawing near, our city is preparing a _(various) of celebrations. 24To the cast of the Pacific coast rise the grand Rocky mount
9、ains, which are home to high peaks and deep valleys_(carve) by ice and water. 25Susans idea of freedom was to have _ (vary) in her lifestyle. 二、根据汉语意思填写单词26The young lady gave the police a very detailed _(描述) of the robber.27The history students hoped to compare the _(文明) of ancient China and Japan.
10、28It was an unusually hot summer and air conditioners were in great _ (需求).29All you have to do is to change your _ (态度). 30The little boy is just starting to talk; he has a_(词汇量)of about ten words.31The commission (委员会) is calling for a_ (全球的) ban on drugs. 32The lion is often used as a _ (标志) of c
11、ourage. 33In Joans email, she persuaded Mary to look for an_(公寓)in London for her. 34Luck is the biggest_(因素)in his success. 35War and Peace is a literary _(名著).36China has always insisted that all countries, big or small, should be _(平等的).37There are two mainly different political parties to play a
12、n important part in the state _ (事务) in this country. 38The majority of us feel worried if we walk through a _ (地铁). 39_(尽管) the bad weather, she still worked in the field. 40Theyve spent nearly a _ (十亿) dollars on the research already. 三、完成句子41那座可以追溯到唐朝的古老建筑物真的是令人惊叹。The ancient building_Tang Dynast
13、y is really amazing.42如果你能就如何解决这些问题给我一些建议,我将不胜感激。I would _ you could give me some advice on how to solve these problems.43乔治太穷了,满足不了他家人的物质需求。George is too poor to satisfy his familys _ _.44_ I thought my dad didnt know a thing about being a good father. 曾经有一段时间我认为我的父亲不知道如何做一位好父亲。45当这些未能取得任何有希望的效果时,屠
14、呦呦就再次查阅中医典籍。When they failed to produce any promising results, Tu _ _ the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine again.学科素养提升四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。My time in China was_46_ unforgettable experience.Every day was a new adventure.I made lifelong friends and had many_47_ (
15、last)memories.The study-abroad program organized trips for us to learn about each city and to visit cultural _48_ (sight).While I was in Beijing,I climbed the Great Wall of China,and visited Tiananmen Square,the Forbidden City and the Birds Nest.I also enjoyed _49_ (stick)in a Beijing thunderstorm,b
16、argaining in the market,and riding the high-speed train.While I was in Tianjin, I _50_ (study)at Nankai University where I took the Chinese language and culture courses. I enjoyed whatever I learned in class and used _51_ to communicate with people.The opportunity_52_ (speak)Mandarin every day reall
17、y improved my learning.Besides,I had classes _53_ I would learn about Chinese calligraphy,Peking Opera,Chinese martial arts,Chinese cooking and many other subjects.The mix of learning about the language and culture made each day of class _54_ (enjoyable) exciting.I believe that the key_55_ studying
18、abroad successfully is the attitude you have.Going to China,I was open-minded and had a very positive attitude.参考答案:核心单词变形1reference n指称关系;参考refer vi.提到;参考;查阅 vt.查询;叫求助于2based adj.以(某事)为基础的base vt.以为基础 n底部;根据basis n基础basic adj.基础的3variety n异体;多样化vary v变化;不同various adj.各种各样的4major adj.主要的 n主修课程;主修学生
19、vi.主修majority n大多数5global adj.全球的;全世界的globe n地球;地球仪6appreciate vt.欣赏;感激;领会appreciation n感激;欣赏appreciative adj.感激的 7beg vt.恳求;祈求beggar n乞丐8equal n同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的equally adv.平等地equality n平等9demand n要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要demanding adj.要求高的 10description n描写(文字);形容describe vt.描述11relate vt.联系;讲述related a
20、dj.相关的relation n关系relationship n关系核心词组1. be native to.2. refer to 3. despite the fact that4. be based on/upon5. date back to . (= date from)6. a variety of = varieties of = various 7. major in 8. by means of.9. by no means 10. regard as 1description【详解】考查名词。句意:这份报告对这些问题作了最具体、最准确的描述。作宾语,应用名词descripti
21、on,此处为不可数。故填description。2civilization【详解】考查名词。句意:我所有的研究都让我认识到保护人类文明遗产的重要性。作介词的宾语,应用名词civilization。故填civilization。3dating【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:首都伦敦是一座历史可以追溯到罗马时代的古老港口城市。分析句子可知,前后两个动词之间没有连词,空处是非谓语动词,历史和追溯到是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语。故填dating。4basic【详解】考查形容词。句意:为了使用先进的技术,他们必须对计算机有一个基本的了解。分析句子可知,空处应填形容词作定语修饰空处后的名词underst
22、anding,结合语意可知,此处意为“基础的,基本的”,故应用形容词basic。故填basic。5reference#referring【详解】考查名词及动名词。句意:他和父母谈话时没有提到他已经注册了一个研究所。without后用名词或动名词表示伴随状态,refer to为固定搭配,意为“提到”,名词形式reference“提及”,不可数名词。故填reference/referring。6where【详解】考查定语从句。句意:教室是老师和学生互动的地方。先行词为place,在定语从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。7reference【详解】考查名词。句意:然而,一
23、本袖珍字典所包含的词条不足以满足大学里的参考作业。根据句意和提示词可知,应填入名词reference作定语修饰名词homework,构成词组reference homework,意为“参考作业”。故填reference。8where【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我们只是想达到一个双方都能坐下来谈的程度。先行词为point,在定语从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where引导。故填where。9why【详解】考查定语从句。句意:我想知道你为什么迟到这么久。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,定语从句修饰先行词the reason,定语从句中缺少原因状语。使用关系副词why。故填why。10regard
24、s【详解】考查名词。句意:你见到你哥哥时,代我向他问好。分析句子,设空处应该填写名词作宾语。根据句意regard为名词,意为“问候,祝福”,为可数名词,表示“问候,祝福”时,应用复数。故填regards。11global【详解】考查形容词。句意:环境污染被视为一种全球现象。分析句子可知,“phenomenon”为名词,空格处应用形容词,作定语,“globe”意为“地球”,名词词性,对应的形容词为“global”,意为“全球的”。故填global。12equal【详解】考查形容词。句意:我们每个人都生而平等,在我们自己的世界里,我们就是上帝。分析句式结构可知,此处用形容词作状语表主语所处的状态,
25、所以此处应该用提示词的形容词形式equal表示我们每个人都生来处于“平等的”状态,符合语境。故填equal。13to【详解】考查介词和固定搭配。句意:教育一直是父母们的热门话题,因为它直接关系到孩子的未来。relate to意为“涉及;与有关”,固定搭配。故填to。14a【详解】考查冠词。句意:在西方文化中,白色一直是纯洁的象征。因为空格后是单数可数名词symbol,因此应该使用不定冠词,表示泛指,且symbol发音是以辅音音素开头,应用a。故填a。15to【详解】考查介词。句意:专家建议我们应该关注会上提到的那个问题。固定搭配refer to“查阅,提到”,句中referred to为过去分
26、词短语,作后置定语,修饰名词problem。故填to。16to be【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:他过去是我的一个教授。used to be/do表示“过去为/做”,故填to be。17related【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他患有与疾病有关的记忆丧失。分析句子结构和意思可知,动词relate和被修饰的词memory loss是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词,作后置定语,表示被动的意思。故填related。18of【详解】考查介词。句意:我认为你的建议对我的英语学习很重要。be of great importance非常重要,固定短语,相当于be greatly important,故填o
27、f。19it【详解】考查形式宾语。句意:如果你能推荐一位笔友给我,我将不胜感激。I would appreciate it if为固定句型,意为“如果.我将不胜感激”。it做形式宾语。故填it。20return#should return【详解】考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。句意:她要求他把向她借的书还回去。分析句子可知,谓语动词demanded表示“要求,强烈要求”时,其后that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should) do,所以空处填return或者should return,表示“归还”。故填return或者should return。21regarded【详解】考查语态
28、。句意:她被认为是现任领导人的自然接班人。regard和主语she之间是被动关系,故应用其过去分词形式和is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填regarded。22description【详解】考查名词。句意:本书生动地描述了古代中国人民的生活,会引起广大读者的极大兴趣。with后接名词作宾语,describe的名词为description,本句指描述了古代中国人民的生活,所以用单数形式。故填description。23variety【详解】考查名词。句意:随着春节的临近,我们城市正在准备各种各样的庆祝活动。分析句子可知,此处考查固定短语a variety of,意为“各种各样的”,故填varie
29、ty。24carved【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:太平洋沿岸耸立着巍峨的落基山脉,这里是由冰和水雕刻而成的高峰和深谷的家园。名词high peaks and deep valleys和carve之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作后置定语。根据句意,故填carved。25variety【详解】考查名词。句意:苏珊心目中的自由就是拥有丰富多彩的生活方式。根据句意和提示词可知,应填入名词variety作宾语,意为“变化,多样化”,抽象名词,不可数。故填variety。26description#account【详解】考查名词。句意:这位女士告诉了警察强盗的详细描述。由detailed修饰用名词,故填
30、description/account。27civilizations【详解】考查名词。句意:史学的学生希望比较古代中国和日本的文明。根据汉语提示可知,civilization文明,此处用作可数名词,由空后的“ancient China and Japan”可知应用复数形式。故填civilizations。28demand【详解】考查名词。句意:那是一个异常炎热的夏天,空调需求量很大。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填名词作宾语,结合所给汉语意思可知应填demand,构成短语in great demand,意为“需求量很大”。故填demand。29attitude【详解】考查名词。句意:你所要做的就
31、是改变你的态度。根据汉语提示“态度”,此处作动词change的宾语,用名词形式,attitude态度,符合题意。故填attitude。30vocabulary【详解】考查名词。句意:那个小孩刚开始说话,他只有大约十个词的词汇量。该空作句子宾语,所以用名词,故填vocabulary。31global【详解】考查形容词。句意:该委员会正呼吁在全球范围内禁止毒品。根据句意和汉语提示,设空处应用形容词global,意为“全球的,全世界的”,作名词ban的前置定语。故填global。32symbol【详解】考查名词。句意:狮子常被用作勇气的象征。此处应用名词symbol作宾语,意为“标志”,且由a可知,
32、此处应用单数,故填symbol。33apartment【详解】考查名词。句意:在琼的电子邮件中,她说服玛丽在伦敦为她找一套公寓。设空处在句中做宾语,应用名词;结合句意及汉语提示可知,应填apartment。故填apartment。34factor【详解】考查名词。句意:运气是他成功的最大因素。分析句子,设空处应该填写名词作表语。根据汉语提示,表示“因素”,应用factor,此处表示特指应该用单数。故填factor。35classic【详解】考查名词。句意:战争与和平是一本文学名著。classic“经典作品”为可数名词,结合句中a可知,此处指单数。故填classic。36equal【详解】考查形
33、容词。句意:中国一贯主张国家不分大小一律平等。用形容词equal (平等的)作表语。故填equal。37affairs【详解】考查名词复数。句意:有两个不同的主要政党在这个国家的国家事务中发挥重要作用。根据汉语提示可知,空处用名词,affair“事务”为可数名词,结合空前“the state”可知,国家事务不止一件,用复数形式。故填affairs。38subway【详解】考查名词。句意:我们大多数人在走地下通道时都感到担心。结合汉语提示可知,subway地铁,地下通道,可数名词,此处用单数形式。故填subway。39Despite【详解】考查介词。句意:尽管天气恶劣,她仍然在田地里工作。结合汉
34、语提示可知,despite尽管,介词,首字母应大写。故填Despite。40billion【详解】考查名词。句意:他们已经在这项研究上花费了近十亿美元。结合不定冠词a可知,用单数名词billion (十亿)。故填billion。41dating back to【详解】考查现在分词和固定短语。根据中英文对照,可知缺少成分“追溯到”,应用动词短语date back to,分析句子可知,此处应为现在分词作定语,ancient building和dating back to为主动关系。故填dating back to。42appreciate it if【详解】考查固定句型。对比中英文句子可知,空格处
35、意为“如果将不胜感激”,是固定句型would appreciate it if,其中it是形式宾语,if引导真正的宾语从句。故填appreciate it if。43 material needs/demands【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“物质需求”可知短语为material needs/demands。故填material needs/demands。44There was a time when【详解】考查固定句型。空处表示“曾经有一段时间”,用固定句型there was a time when,其中when引导定语从句,句首单词的首字母应大写,故填There was a time
36、 when。45 referred to【详解】考查动词短语和时态。根据句子结构和汉语提示可知,此处要用动词短语refer to(查阅)作主句的谓语动词。根据从句谓语部分failed to produce可知,本句讲的是过去的事情,所以主句谓语动词也要用一般过去时态,即referred to。故填referred;to。46an47lasting48sights49being stuck50studied51it52to speak53where54enjoyably55to【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在中国学习的经历与感受。46考查冠词。句意:我在中国的时光是一次难忘的经历。分析
37、句子,句中experience为可数名词,意为“经历”,此处表示泛指,且unforgettable的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。47考查形容词。句意:我交到了一生的朋友,留下了许多持久的回忆。句中应该使用形容词作定语。last的形容词为lasting,意为“持久的”,符合题意。故填lasting。48考查名词。句意:留学项目为我们组织了旅行,让我们了解每个城市,参观文化景点。设空处应填名词作宾语,sight为可数名词,意为“景色”,此处表示复数意义。故填sights。49考查非谓语动词。句意:我也喜欢在北京的雷雨天气里,在市场里讨价还价,坐高铁。enjoy后接动名词作宾语,且stick与I之
38、间逻辑上是动宾关系,故应该使用动名词的被动式。故填being stuck。50考查动词。句意:当我在天津时,我在南开大学学习,在那里我学习了中国语言和文化课程。句中表述的是过去发生的事实,故使用一般过去时。故填studied。51考查代词。句意:我喜欢我在课堂上学到的东西,并用它与人交流。设空处缺少宾语故填代词,此处指代的是whatever I learned in class。故填it。52考查非谓语动词。句意:每天有机会说普通话真的提高了我的学习水平。句中opportunity to do sth为固定搭配,意为“去做某事的机会”,to do不定式在该结构中作定语。故填to speak。53考查定语从句。句意:此外,我还参加了中国书法、京剧、中国武术、中国烹饪等课程。设空处引导的是定语从句,引导词在定语从句中作地点状语,修饰先行词classes。故填where。54考查副词。句意:对语言和文化的混合学习使每一天的课堂都充满愉悦地激动。分析句子,设空处应该填写副词作状语,修饰exciting。故填enjoyably。55考查介词。句意:我认为成功出国留学的关键在于你的态度。句中the key to doing sth为固定句型,意为“做某事的关键”,该结构中to为介词,符合句意。故填to。