1、配北师大版 英语 必修 5 Period Three Grammar配北师大版 英语 必修 5 一、虚拟语气的使用范围及判断1虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设它主要用于由if引导的条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句中。它既是高中英语语法的一个难点，也是教材的重点和高考的考点。虚拟语气配北师大版 英语 必修 5 2if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断虚拟语气中的假设，通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反，与现在事实相反，与将来事实可能相反。准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反之后，谓语动词应作如下处理：即与过去事实相反时，在从句中用过去完成时表示；与现在事实相反时，在从句中用一般过去时表示；与将
2、来事实可能相反时，在从句中用过去将来时表示。主句中则用would，should，could等情态动词加动词的适当形式。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法情况从句谓语主句谓语举例与现在事实相反过去式would/should/could/might doIf I were you，I would choose to work in a small town.如果我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。与将来事实相反should do，were to或过去式would/should/could/might doIf it should be fine tomorrow，I woul
3、d go on a trip.如果明天天气好的话，我要去旅游。If I were to do the job，I would do it in a different way.要是我来做这项工作，我会用另一种方法。与过去事实相反had doneshould/could/might would/have doneIf I had enough money，I would have gone to the zoo with you.如果我当时有足够的钱，我就会和你一起去动物园了。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 三、wish在虚拟语气中的用法wish常表达不切实际或难以实现的愿望、懊悔、遗憾，因而它后面
4、的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。主要有以下几种情况：1表示与现在事实相反的情况，这时从句应该用一般过去时。I wish I were as tall as my brother.How I wish I knew how to go to the library.配北师大版 英语 必修 5 2 表 示 将 来 没 有 把 握 或 不 太 可 能 实 现 的 愿 望，用would/could/should/might动词原形：Its too cold.I wish it would become sunny this afternoon.I wish you would stay two hours l
5、onger.3 表 示 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 的 情 况，用 过 去 完 成 时 或would/couldhave过去分词。Linda failed the final exam.She wishes she had worked harder.I wish I could have gone hiking with you last Sunday.配北师大版 英语 必修 5 四、在宾语从句及其他名词性从句中的应用1 主 句 中 谓 语 动 词 是“坚 持 认 为”(insist)，“命令”(order，command)，“建议”(suggest，propose，advise)，“要求”
6、(request，desire)时，其后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。They insisted that I(should)raise the question at the meeting.他们坚持要我在会上提出这个问题。He requested that he(should)get more help from us.他请求得到我们更多的帮助。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 2 在 Itissuggested/requested/desired/ordered/proposedthat.等结构的主语从句中，其后的从句用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“(should
7、)动词原形”。It was suggested that we(should)put an end to the project.有人建议我们结束这项工程。3上述那些“命令，建议，要求”等动词有其名词形式，如order，suggestion，proposal，advice，request，demand.这些名词及idea，plan等后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词同样用“(should)动词原形”形式。配北师大版 英语 必修 5(1)在表语从句中My suggestion is that we(should)send a medical team to thevillage.我的建议是我们
8、应该派一个医疗小组到那个村子去。His request is that he(should)be allowed to join the army.他的请求是允许他参军。My idea was that we(should)make a careful study of it first.我的意见是先对其进行认真的研究。配北师大版 英语 必修 5(2)在同位语从句中We left the camp as soon as he gave the order that we(should)hurry to the front.他一下达赶赴前线的命令，我们就离开了营地。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 4
9、在for fear that(怕)，in case(万一)引导的从句中，谓语用“should动词原形”，should表可能性。在一些表示怀疑、惊奇、不满等情绪的结构中，should意为“竟然”。He took a raincoat with him for fear that it should rain.他带了雨衣，怕会下雨。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 Heres some money in case you should need it.给你一些钱，以防万一你要用。Its a pity that he should be absent.他竟会缺席，真遗憾。We were surprised
10、 that he should work out such a difficultproblem in such a short time.他在这么短的时间解出如此难的题，真让我们吃惊。配北师大版 英语 必修 5.单句改错1 If she studied harder，she would have passed theexam._2We would have won if we stayed up so late the nightbefore._3My suggestion is that he would go there at once._4It is time that we go t
11、o the library._5Without air，there can be no living things._【答案】1studied前加had 2.stayed前加hadnt 3.wouldshould或去掉would 4.gowent 5.canwould配北师大版 英语 必修 5.用括号里的动词的适当形式填空1If I_(be)you，I would invite her to dinner.2 Ididntknowthathehadcomeback.IfI_(learn)about it，I would have paid him a visit.3If I had seen
12、Xiao Li yesterday，I_(tell)her thegood news.4 _you_(call)me earlier，I would havewaited for you at home.配北师大版 英语 必修 5 5If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we_(plant)severaltrees in the garden.6Without your help，we_(not，solve)the problemso quickly.【答案】1were 2.had learned 3.would have told4Had；called 5.will plan
13、t 6.wouldnt have solved配北师大版 英语 必修 5.单项填空1Thank you for all your hard work last week.I dont thinkwe_it without you.Acan manageBcould have managedCcould manageDcan have managed【答案】B 考查由介词without.所引起的对过去事实的一种虚拟。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 2What a pity！Considering his ability and experience，he_better.Aneed have done
14、Bmust have doneCcan have doneDmight have done【答案】D 句意：真遗憾，考虑到他的能力和经验，他或许会做得更好一点。might have done“本可能做事实上并未做”。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 3 One of the requirements for the fire is that thematerial_to its burning temperature.Ais heatedBwill be heatedCwould be heatedDbe heated【答 案】D that 引 出 一 个 表 语 从 句，其 前 有 名 词requ
15、irements，所以动词要用(should)do的形式。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 4The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I_thetrouble to carry my umbrella with me.Ashould have takenBcould have takenCneednt have takenDmustnt have taken【答案】C neednt have done“本没必要做某事实际上却做了”。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 5_fired，your health care and other benefits wil
16、lnot be immediately cut off.AWould you beBShould you beCCould you beDMight you be【答案】B 在虚拟语气中，如果把if省略，可以把should，were或had提到主语的前面。此题考查的是将should提前的倒装结构，故选B。配北师大版 英语 必修 5.用所给的词的适当形式填空。1Actually,if Van Gogh _(die)at the ageof twenty,no one would have connected him with failure or mentalillness.【答案】had di
17、ed 根据句意可知这是对过去事实的假设，故从句要用had过去分词。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 2They talked as if they _(know)formany years.【答案】had known 句意：他们聊天的样子好像已经认识了很多年。对过去的假设，故用过去完成时。3Even if he _(be)here,he could not solvethe problem.【答案】were 句意：即使他在这儿，他也不能解决这个问题。对现在的假设，故用were。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 4He insisted that he _(give)an opportunityto exp
18、lain why hes refused to go there.【答案】(should)be given 句意：他坚持要求给他一个机会来解释他为什么拒绝去那儿。insist后接宾语从句要用虚拟，即(should)动词原形，且用被动语态。5I suggested that he _(go)abroad for furthereducation.【答 案】(should)go 句 意：我 建 议 他 出 国 深 造。suggested后接宾语从句要用虚拟，即(should)动词原形。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 6The children must _(lose)in the woods;othe
19、rwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.【答案】have lost 副词otherwise之前的句子表示推测，之后的句子表示虚拟。must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测。7If he had spent more time practising speaking English,he_(be)able to speak it much better now.【答案】would be 由从句中的had spent 可知从句与过去事实相反；由主句中的now可知主句与现在事实相反，故用would be
20、。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 8I would _(go)to my cousins birthday partylast night,but I was not available.【答案】have gone 句意：昨晚我本想参加表亲的生日聚会，但没时间。would have gone表示对过去情况的假设。9If we_(book)a table earlier,we couldnt bestanding here in a queue.【答案】had booked 句意：如果我们早订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里排队了。if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。配北师大版 英语 必修 5 10I
21、 should not have laughed if I _(think)youwere serious.【答案】had thought 句意为：如果我当时想到你是认真的，我就不会笑了。由句意知，此句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句结构为had done。配北师大版 英语 必修 5.根据中文提示翻译下列句子。1工人们要求增加10%的工资。Theworkersdemandedthattheirwages_.2若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大损失。The flood might have caused great damage to the people if we_ so
22、many reservoirs.配北师大版 英语 必修 5 3要是你早些告诉我的话，我是不会签那份合同的。Had you informed me earlier，I _ thecontract.4他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。He wouldnt feel so cold if he _.5我们该就寝了。It is time that we _.6但愿你明天跟我们一块去。I wish you _ tomorrow.配北师大版 英语 必修 5 7如果你上次看到他时跟他说一下，现在就知道怎么做了。If you _ last time you saw him，you wouldknow what to
23、 do now.8有更好的设备的话，我们本可以做得更好。With better equipment，we _ it better.9他谈起金字塔来，就好像亲眼见过似的。He talks about pyramids as if he _ himself.10我要是能讲几种外语就好了。If only I _ several foreign languages!配北师大版 英语 必修 5【答案】1(should)be raised by 10%2.hadnt built3wouldnt have signed 4.were indoors5went/should go to bed 6.would go with us7had spoken to him 8.could have done9had seen them 10.could speak