1、现在完成时的被动语态时态回顾：一、现在完成时1、一个动作在过去发生过去结束，强调对现在有影响。Mum, I have done my homework, can I play video games now?Great changes have taken place since you left.2、一个动作在从过去到现在的阶段内反复发生，强调影响。The satellite has traveled around the earth 100 times this morning.3、表示动作或状态从过去开始持续到现在。I have been very happy for the past
2、few weeks.表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for.”,“since.”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years.They have worked here since they left college.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。- Where is Li Hua? - He has gone to the reading-room.- She knows a lot about Shanghai.
3、- She has been there.4、必会句型：It/This is the first time; it is the best/worstIts the first time Ive been here.This is the best film Ive ever seen.5、在时间条件状语从句中现在完成时表示将来完成时。You shouldnt leave school before you have finished your assignment.As long as you have cleaned all the window, you are allowed to p
4、lay.By the time he realizes he has walked into a trap, itll be too late for him to do anything about it.注意：短暂动词（即瞬间动词），如：join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。要翻译“他已参军已经三年了”。不能说：He has joined the army for three years.而要用
5、以下三种方法：“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago. “延续法”：He has been in the army for three years. “since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.二、现在完成进行时1、过去一直延续到现在，可能刚结束，也可能还要继续下去的动作。- Hi, you look tired.- I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.2、感情色彩- Weve spent too
6、 much money recently.- Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives have been coming around all the time.3、过去的进行+持续反复进行She received the offer which she had been expecting in the past years.三、比较：现在完成时与现在完成进行时现在完成时强调的是完成的动作，而现在完成进行时是持续了一段时间的动作，这个动作刚停止或仍在持续。例如：I have written an article.（已完成） I h
7、ave been writing an article.（还在写） 现在完成时的被动语态1.结构have/has been done(及物动词)2.用法（1）表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。当动词为短暂性动词时，可与already, yet, just, never, recently, before等副词连用。我很抱歉，这些信件还没有被打印出来。Im sorry, but the letters havent been typed yet.（2）表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用，或用于how long.?句
8、型中这项计划已被讨论了近2小时了。The plan has been discussed for nearly two hours. （3）用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。你的任务一完成你就可以回家。You can go home as soon as your tasks have been finished.（4）现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，have/has和been缺一不可；现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时的被动语态语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作尽管发生在过去，但该
9、动作尽管发生在过去，但该动作对现在造成了影响；一般过去时的被动语态侧重于表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响。大火两个小时前被扑灭了。The big fight was put out two hours ago. 大火已经被扑灭了。The big fire has been put out.非延续性动词在现在完成时的被动语态中的运用。非延续性动词，如borrow, finish,begin, start,buy, marry, open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与for, since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，但可与already, yet连用。这类动
10、词的否定式可以表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可与since, for构成的时间状语连用。自上周以来，没有人来买过书。No books have been bought since last week.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持其完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。课后练习1.He (work) hard at his lessons every evening for months. He want to go to Oxford University next year. 2.Global oil prices (fall) since June as dem
11、and weakens in China and Europe while output in the United states grows steadily. 3.Before she could express her thanks to us my daughter gave her the food we (buy) for the trip home. 4.One day, one of the classes (study) for minutes when Miss Cooper suddenly asked, “What is water?” 5.- What happene
12、d to the postman?- I dont know. He (not,see) around here for a long time.6.Besides, it is important for us to know what (happen) home and at abroad. 7.- When did you decide to be a doctor?- Lets see. I am twenty, and I (want) to be one since ten years ago. 8.In the past ten years, a lot of trees (pl
13、ant) on the hills in hometown. 9.Were confident that the environment (improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.10.Much of the debate so far (focus) on the safety of driverless cars. 11.To my delight, I (choose) from hundreds of applications to attend the opening ceremony.12.It (decide) th
14、at we will get trained in the school gym.13.He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he (follow).14.In the last few years thousands of films (produce) all over the world.15.I have to go to work by taxi because my car (repair).16.Amy, as well as her brothers, (give) a warm welcome when retu
15、rning to the village last week.17.Great changes (take) place in my hometown since 2000.18.All the preparations for the task (complete), and we are ready to start.19.His sister left home in 1998, and (not hear) of since.20.- Where shall we start?- Lets start by reviewing what we (do) last week. 21.-
16、He promised to come to see you.- But he (not come). I have been alone. 22.- I (invite) to a party, but Ive got nothing to wear.- Why dont you have a dress made for the party? 23.It (rain) for three hours and the ground is too damp to play on, so the sports meeting (put) off.24.A rescue worker risked
17、 his life saving two tourists who (trap) in the mountains for two days.25.Great changes (take) place in my hometown since 2000. 【答案和解析】1.has been working2.have been falling3.had bought4.had been studying5.hasnt been seen6.had happened7.have wanted8.have been planted9.will be improved10.has been focus11.was chosen12.has been decided13.was being followed14.have been produced15.is being repaired16.was given17.have taken place18.have been completed19. hasnt been heard20.did21.hasnt come22.have been invited23.has been raining, has been put24.had been trapped25.have taken
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