1、译林版必修第一册Unit3单元语法-关系代词引导的限制性定语从句语法精析在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，同时指代先行词，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why。一、关系代词的用法1who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个
2、同学。He is the man who I respect very much.他就是我非常尊重的那个人。2whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。The old man (whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。温馨提示(1)关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。The boy (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday was Johns brother.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用w
3、ho。He is a man from whom we are all ready to learn.他是我们大家都准备向他学习的人。3which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。4that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The woman (that) I read about in the newspaper has just won a g
4、old medal.我在报纸上读到的那位女士刚刚赢得了一枚金牌。The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。温馨提示 (1)宜用that不宜用which的情况当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做完了。当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only
5、，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。当先行词中既有人又有物时。She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印
6、象最深刻的一些人和地方。(2)宜用which不宜用that的情况关系代词前有介词时。The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。在非限制性定语从句中。Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl?你读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？(3)宜用who不宜用that的情况当先行词是指人的不定代词one，ones，anyone时。Anyone who does that must be mad.谁那样做都一定是疯了。当先行词
7、是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。当先行词为指人的those时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。在there be结构中，先行词指人时。There is a young man who wants to see you.有一个年轻人想见你。5whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。This is the person whose s
8、tory surprised everybody.就是这个人的故事让所有人吃了一惊。温馨提示whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.The classroom the door of which is broken can hold 40 students.The classroom of which the door is broken can hold 40 students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生。二、使用定语从句的注意事项1关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的
9、谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。Those who are over 45 wont be permitted into the hall.超过45岁的人不允许进入这个大厅。温馨提示“one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查理斯狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned Fren
10、ch.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。2为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观过的那家工厂。练习：一、单项选择1（2021北京四中高一期中）The tall building over there is the place _ the famous artist once lived.AwhenBwhereCwhichDthat2（2021黑龙江哈尔滨市第三十二中学校高一期中）This is the place _I
11、have ever visited.AthereBwhenCwhereDwhich3（2021黑龙江哈尔滨市第三十二中学校高一期中）I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.AwhoBwhichCtheyDwhere4（2021天津市耀华嘉诚国际中学高二期中）Teachers should try to create an atmosphere_students can enjoy learning easily.AwhichBwhereCwhenDthat5（2021天津静海高二阶段练习）Sitting bac
12、k in my seat, I cant quite believe that Im about to travel along the railway _many foreign experts claimed was impossible.AwhenBwhereCthatDwhat6（2021广东深圳实验学校高中部高一阶段练习）What if we meet with a situation _ we wont be able to deal with?AwhereBwhichCwhatDas7（2021广东深圳实验学校高中部高一阶段练习）I can still remember the
13、very sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhere8（2021吉林辉南县第一中学高一阶段练习）Theyre going to a big party _ they can have a good time.AwhyBwhereCwhoseDwhen参考答案1B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那边的那座高楼是那位著名艺术家曾经住过的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是place，指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句
14、。故选B。2D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我曾经去过的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是place，指物，关系词在定语从句中作动词visited的宾语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选D。3A【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我讨厌那些在别人有困难时不帮助别人的人。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。4B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师应该努力营造一个学生可以轻松享受学习的氛围。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词atmosphere指物，关系词代替
15、它在从句中作抽象地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选B。【点睛】5C【详解】考查定语从句。句意：靠在椅背上，我简直不敢相信我要沿着许多外国专家声称“不可能”的铁路旅行。分析句子可知，本句涉及一个限制性定语从句，空处需要填入关系代词，代替先行词the railway，在从句中作claimed的宾语，所以填that。故选C项。6B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果我们遇到我们无法处理的情况怎么办?分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是situation，指物，关系词在定语从句中作动词短语deal with的宾语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选B。7D【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我还记得我母亲和我过去常常在晚上坐的那个起居室。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是sitting-room ，指物，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故选D。8B【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们要去参加一个盛大的聚会，在那里他们可以玩得很开心。空处引导定语从句，先行词party在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故选B。
