1、二十一选修7Unit 2Fit for life(限时35分钟). 阅读理解A(2021吉林模拟)Inside the white, bacteria-free walls of a new building on the southern outskirts of Beijing, two employees wearing masks and rubber gloves are busy injecting a clear, colorless liquid into rows of small bottles. The 215, 000 square feet production pl
2、ant was built in recent months specifically for producing a COVID-19 vaccine (疫苗) developed by Chinese pharmaceutical company Sinovac Biotech. CoronaVac, the vaccine candidate from Sinovac, is part of Chinas push to be at the forefront of roling out immunizations (免疫接种) against the deadly novel coro
3、navirus. The Nasdaq-listed biotech company began developing its vaccine in late January, less than a week after Wuhanthe original epicenter of Chinas coronavirus outbreakwent into a strict lockdown. By June, China had largely contained the coronavirus, dealing with only a small number of outbreaks.
4、Those newly reported COVID-19 cases in China didnt meet the necessary conditions for a Phase 3 trial, so Sinovac reached an agreement with Brazilwhich ranks second in the world for infections, with more than 3. 6 million reported cases. In cooperating with the Butantan Institute in Sao Paulo, a Phas
5、e 3 study was launched in late July involving 9, 000 volunteers, all health professionals who have worked with COVID-19 patients but havent been infected with the virus. The tests are ongoing. But Dimas Covas, president of the Butantan Institute, said Wednesday primary data shows CoronaVac developed
6、 immunity in 97% of the people vaccinated after two dosesa level he said was“fundamental to break the chain of transmission of the coronavirus. ”【文章大意】本文主要讲的是中国研发新冠肺炎疫苗的事情, 介绍了这个项目的过程和到目前为止的进展。1. From which of the following is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook. B. A news report. C. A boo
7、k review. D. A travel brochure. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文主要讲的是中国研发新冠肺炎疫苗的事情, 介绍了这个项目到目前为止的进展。由此可推断出, 文章应该是一篇新闻报道。故选B。2. What does the underlined phrase“rolling out” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Launching. B. Distributing. C. Guarding. D. Burning. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第二段CoronaVac, the vaccine candidate from Sinovac, is p
8、art of Chinas push to be at the forefront of rolling out immunizations against the deadly novel coronavirus可知, 来自Sinovac的候选疫苗CoronaVac, 是中国推出的对抗这种致命病毒的疫苗。由此可推断出, 画线词所在处表达的是“中国在开展免疫接种上走在前列”, “launching”意为“发起, 开始从事”, 符合语境。故选A。3. What is the necessary condition for a Phase 3 trial?A. Chinas successful
9、lockdown in Wuhan. B. A sufficient number of infected patients. C. All health professionals and volunteers. D. The Nasdaq-listed biotech company. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段Those newly reported COVID-19 cases in China didnt meet the necessary conditions for a Phase 3 trial, so Sinovac reached an agreement wi
10、th Brazilwhich ranks second in the world for infections, with more than 3. 6 million reported cases. 可知, 因为中国已经基本控制了新冠病毒, 中国新报道的COVID-19病例不符合进行第三阶段实验的必要条件, 因此, Sinovac与报道病例超过360万例的全球感染率排名第二的巴西合作。 由此可推断出, 第三阶段实验的必要条件是足够数量的感染病人。故选B。4. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Forefront: Chinas pus
11、h to develop a coronavirus vaccine. B. Lockdown: Chinas successful move to contain the outbreaks. C. Infection: Brazils ranking second to surprise the world. D. Immunity: Brazils effort to break the chain of transmission. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章内容及第二段关键句“CoronaVac, the vaccine candidate from Sinovac, is p
12、art of Chinas push to be at the forefront of rolling out immunizations against the deadly novel coronavirus可知, 文章主要讲的是中国研发新冠肺炎疫苗的事情, 介绍了这个项目的过程和到目前为止的进展。“Forefront: Chinas push to develop a coronavirus vaccine. 前沿:中国推动研发新冠肺炎疫苗。”能够概括文章内容。故选A。【知识拓展】新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划(COVAX)是由全球疫苗免疫联盟、世界卫生组织和流行病预防创新联
13、盟共同提出并牵头进行的项目, 拟于2021年底前向全球提供20亿剂新冠肺炎疫苗, 供应给“自费经济体”和“受资助经济体”。2020年10月8日, 中国同全球疫苗免疫联盟签署协议, 正式加入“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”。截至10月19日, 各国正在研发并登记在册的候选新冠疫苗共有198种, 其中44种已进入临床试验阶段;加入“新冠肺炎疫苗实施计划”的国家和地区已达184个。【加固训练】 阅读理解(2021开封模拟)Chinas health and education authorities on Monday required the countrys schools to establish s
14、ystems to report HIV/AIDS infection cases in students. The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint circular that infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years, a sign of problems in education and students awareness
15、 about HIV/AIDS prevention. The two authorities required local health and education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures. The circular
16、 also urged proper protection of infected students privacy. “Students in secondary schools and older should attend special classes on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality, ” the circular said. It also pledged financial support for
17、 volunteer services. The circular said HIV/AIDS voluntary counselling and testing services should be improved and schools should encourage students with risky behavior to use the services. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育, 建立完善的防控体系, 完善对艾滋病防范的服务。1. What does the underlined word “cir
18、cular” in the second paragraph mean?A. Round. B. Notice. C. Advertisements. D. News. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据上文The National Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Education said in a joint与下文infections of the virus among young students saw a marked rise in recent years, a sign of problems
19、in education and students awareness about HIV/AIDS prevention. 可知:近年来, 青年学生中的病毒感染明显增加, 这是教育和学生对艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的预防意识存在问题的迹象, 是对circular的具体阐述, 其内容是一份公告和通知, 由此可见, circular意思为“通知;公告”, 故选B。2. From the passage, we can infer that . A. students have fully realized the meaning of HIV/AIDSB. Chinas health and educa
20、tion authorities pay little attention to HIV/AIDS issues in Chinese studentsC. students awareness about HIV/AIDS should be greatly improvedD. HIV/AIDS infection cases in students have drawn no concern among students【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第五段“Students in secondary schools and older should attend special clas
21、ses on HIV/AIDS prevention focused on prevention of unsafe behavior as well as sexual responsibility and morality, ” the circular said. 可知, 该通知称, 中学及以上年级的学生应参加以预防不安全行为以及性责任和道德为重点的艾滋病病毒/艾滋病预防特别班。由此可见, 应加大提高学生对艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的认识, 故选C。3. What can be the best title for the text? A. Call for reports on student
22、s with HIV. B. Public concerns about HIV/AIDS infection. C. Volunteer services for HIV/AIDS infection cases. D. To ignore HIV/AIDS infection cases is wrong. 【解析】选C。标题归纳题。根据文章大意可知, 本文主要讲述了中国卫生和教育部门要求各地学校加强学生艾滋病预防宣传教育, 建立完善的防控体系, 完善对艾滋病防范的服务。故选C。【知识拓展】长难句分析The two authorities required local health and
23、 education agencies to improve awareness at schools and called for establishment of an infection reporting system and regular consultation mechanism to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures. 分析:这是一个简单句, 有两个并列谓语动词required和called for。to improve awareness at schools是第一个谓语动词之后的目的
24、状语;to analyze the cause of infections and formulate countermeasures是第二个谓语动词后的目的状语。翻译:这两个部门要求当地的卫生和教育部门提高在校意识, 要求建立感染报告机制以及定期咨询机制来分析感染原因、制定对策。B(2021济南模拟)Shinrin-yoku means “forest bathing”. Forest bathing doesnt mean you take a bath in the forest;rather, you simply go for a walk in the woods or a cit
25、y park, where you slacken by using all your senses to experience nature. Yoshifumi Miyazaki, from Chiba University, is among a growing number of scientists who have begun studying the science behind the effects of nature on human health. In his book Shinrin-yoku:The Japanese Art of Forest Bathing, M
26、iyazaki explains the techniques of forest bathing. Miyazaki has an interesting theory about why shinrin-yoku is so effective. He points out that for more than 99% of the time, humans have lived in a natural environment. In fact, in 1800, only 3%of the worlds population lived in cities, and by 2016,
27、this figure reached 54%. This is only going to get worse;officials predict that by 2050, 66%will live in cities. This suggests we live in our modern society with bodies that are still used to the natural environment, he writes in the book, because“genes cannot change over just a few hundred years”.
28、The science behind the research studies he presents in the book makes a convincing case that forest bathing is an effective method for reducing stress in todays world. Now city planners are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of nature and are creating new kinds of “parks”out of empty spac
29、es. Therere also more city gardens where people can grow vegetables. For kids, kitchen gardens in schools are becoming popular. As Miyazaki stresses, you dont have to find a formal park or garden to practice shinrin-yoku. Instead, you can enjoy the effects of nature wherever therere plants. Better y
30、et, he says, we can bring nature closer to where we spend most of our time. Miyazakis research has shown that just increasing the amount of plants in a room can affect the relaxation benefits of the room. Whats more, even when people simply look at flowers, their bodies relax and stress levels decre
31、ase. 【文章大意】本文介绍了日本千叶大学的一位科学家提出一种名为Shinrin-yoku的“森林浴”活动, 这表明增加与自然的接触对人的身心健康是有利的。5. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Behave. B. Entertain. C. Anticipate. D. Relax. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。从森林浴的形式以及下文它带来的对健康的好处来看, 通过在自然环境中散步、用一切感官感受自然应该会让人放松下来。6. How does the author mainly develop the third pa
32、ragraph?A. By giving examples. B. By listing figures. C. By making remarks. D. By presenting research findings. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。第三段中为了说明城市人口占比的变化情况, 列举了1800年、2016年及预测的2050年的百分比数值, 使用的是列数字的说明方法。7. Why does forest bathing work effectively according to Miyazaki?A. Human genes can change easily. B. Nature
33、is part of the modern society. C. Human body can integrate into nature. D. People can always get excited in nature. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第三、第四段的描述“在这位科学家看来, 近百年来人类的居住环境迅速变化, 但基因中对于自然的适应性是不可能同步变化的, 而森林浴这种形式对身心健康有益, 正是因为人类的身体还适于生活在自然环境中。”可知C选项“人体能融入到自然之中”符合文意。8. Which of the following will Miyazaki agree on
34、 forest bathing?A. It is easy to operate. B. It is meant for gardeners. C. It is unaffordable in the city. D. It is inconvenient to practice. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。从最后一段可知, 森林浴这一形式并不难做到, 只要在房间里增加些植物就能奏效, 甚至当人们看到花朵时压力都会下降。A选项“这操作起来很容易”符合文意。. 阅读填句(2021广州模拟)What happens when you want to go from one place to ano
35、ther, but theres water in the way? Thats the problem people faced for hundreds of years in the area that is now New York City. In the city, there is a natural canal (运河) called the Narrows, separating Brooklyn on one side from Staten Island on the other. But the Narrows isnt really so narrow. The wa
36、ter is almost a mile wide, and its more than 100 feet deep. 1 When they wanted to talk to each other, they climbed into their boats and sailed across. By the late 1800s, circumstances had changed dramatically. Population growth meant there were now many people needing to travel between Staten Island
37、 and Brooklyn for work. 2Between 1888 and 1920 there were two major efforts to build a train tunnel to connect the areas. 3 Proposals to build a connecting bridge made during the 1910s also ended in failure due to opposition from the US Navy. Finally, after World War , there were so many people livi
38、ng in New York City that leaders decided Brooklyn and Staten Island needed a direct connection. Since tunnels were too expensive, they had decided to build a bridge. The design selected had two separate roadways stacked (叠放) on top of each other. 4 Construction, which took five years, was completed
39、in 1964 and cost $320 million. Today about 190, 000 cars and trucks cross the bridge every day. 5 But in the case of the Narrows, figuring out a good solution took hundreds of years. A. Sometimes getting from one place to another is very easy. B. Both were quickly abandoned however due to the high c
40、osts involved. C. Neither road was large enough to satisfy the existing transport demands. D. It was anticipated that the new train system would help the areas grow even faster. E. Taking a boat every time was very slow, expensive and, in bad weather, unreliable. F. Both would hang in the air from t
41、hick steel cables, supported by two giant steel towers. G. For a long time that wasnt a problem, because only a few people lived in Brooklyn and Staten Island. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了纽约市The Narrows两岸的交通问题的解决。1. 【解析】选G。根据空前一句和空后一句可推知, G项“很长时间以来那不是一个问题, 因为只有少数人住在Brooklyn和Staten Island”符合语境。2. 【解析】选E。空前一
42、句是说人口增长意味着有许多人为了工作奔波于两地之间, 根据空处下文可知, 人们想要建造一个火车隧道来连接两地。由此可推知, 空处应是说乘船往返于两地的缺点。3. 【解析】选B。根据空前一句和空后一句可知, 空处应该是讲两次努力都没有成功。4. 【解析】选F。根据空前一句中的two separate roadways可知, F项中的“Both”与之呼应, 且F项的句意与语境相符。5. 【解析】选A。根据空后的转折句可知, 空处的句子应与此句形成逻辑上的转折关系, 所以A项“有时从一个地方到另一个地方是很容易的”符合语境。. 书面表达假如你是中学生李华, 最近收到英国笔友Jack的来信, 在信中J
43、ack因超重向你征求建议。请你根据下列要点给他写一封回信:1. 超重原因:缺乏锻炼;不健康的生活方式。2. 建议:经常锻炼;保持均衡的饮食;远离一些坏习惯, 例如吃含有太多脂肪和糖的食物, 熬夜。注意:1. 词数100左右;2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。_【参考范文】Dear Jack, Thanks for your trust. In your letter you tell me that you are overweight, but dont know what to do. In my opinion, you become overweight and unhealth
44、y, and that is because you lack exercise and have an unhealthy lifestyle. To begin with, it is important to take regular exercise, which helps you keep fit. You should have a balanced diet consisting of fruit and vegetables. In addition, it is also a good idea to keep away from some bad habits, such as eating food with too much fat and sugar and staying up late. In conclusion, keep a balanced diet and take regular exercise, and you will be healthy. I hope my suggestions are of some use to you. Yours, Li Hua