1、2017年高考英语总动员七选五阅读7.专题剖析一、选材特征文体的选择以说明、议论为主，也可能涉及夹叙夹议文，而单纯以时间或事件为主线的记叙文不太适宜用于考查考生的逻辑思维能力，因此出现的几率不大。所选文章主题鲜明，写作线索清晰明了，逻辑严密，内容新颖、贴近考生生活，具有浓厚的时代气息。文章的长度通常在 180250 词之间。二、设题特征七个选项都是完整的句子，可分为概括性句子、过渡性句子和注释性句子三类。两个干扰项也从这三方面设置，例如概括性句子过于宽泛或以偏概全，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等，因此干扰性很强。考点一：五大高效解题步骤1阅读选项，通读全文，把握文章结
2、构及主要内容。本题型属于泛读类阅读题，因此不必逐词逐句推敲，只需快速通读全文。要特别注意文章的首段与结尾段，尤其是文章的首段及结尾段的末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式在英语中很常见。首段的末句或结尾段的末句常常是文章的主题句，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路。即使它们不是主题句，也不能忽略它们的提示作用。其他段落的首句和尾句也应注意。通过阅读选项和浏览全文，基本上可以把握文章的结构和主要内容。2详读段落，迅速找出每段的关键词，明确各段的主题句或大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干个小段落，各段落会依据文章的主题展开，对文章主题的不同方面进行阐述。找出各段的关键词，明确其
3、大意，就为解题做好了铺垫。3定位选项，明确备选项的含义，抓住其关键词，将每一选项试着填入文中去理解，看看是否符合文义。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格前后的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的关系和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否符合该处语境；能否承接前后的写作线索；能否使文章内容通顺，语法规范，且符合逻辑。一篇文章作为一个整体，有其写作的线索与思路，这样每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语才能融为一体。在选项定位中，尤其要注意文章的写作线索。如果代入选项后，发现线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其他选项。4通读复检，即将通过第三步确定的所有答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点看逻辑关系和语篇结构。在完成选项
4、定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语意是否连贯，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当，从而判断出选择的答案是否正确。个别选项会因与某个正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真对比分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确答案。在检查时应注意，除非有充足的理由否定之前的选择，否则不要仓促更改，因为，第一印象往往可信度较高。根据本题型的特点，往往会因做错一道而“株连”好几道；因此当发现确实有一处有问题时，一定要再检查其他空。5确定排除。在检查后，应再次研究所排除的选项，进一步确定排除理由，以防造成误选。考点二：四大实用解题策略
5、1把握文体特征。阅读理解 7 选 5 的选材以议论文和说明文为主，因此把握这两种文体的结构特点可以帮助考生高效、准确答题。议论文的结构特点：先总述现象或观点，接着从正面陈述、反面论证，最后表明作者的观点，并进行总结。通常各个段落的主题句都是首句。说明文的语篇结构比较固定，通常主题句位于篇首。文章内容是对客观事物的性质、形态、特征、结构、功能等的解释说明。根据文体特征，很容易确定文章的文体，并可以根据文体把握文章结构，帮助答题。如：Why have you been so successful in reaching some of your goals,but not others?If yo
6、u arent sure,you are far from being alone in your confusion.In fact,decades of research on achievement suggests that successful people reach their goals not simply because of who they are,but more often because of what they do.解析：这是一篇 7 选 5 文章的第一段，根据这段内容，我们可以初步判断这是一篇说明文，并且根据说明文的文体特征，我们可以预测，下面要讲的内容应该
7、是成功人士需要做到哪些方面。2把握逻辑关系。阅读理解 7 选 5 的文章主题鲜明，逻辑性强，各层次、各段落有机地结合在一起，句与句之间都有一定的联系，因此，利用逻辑关系理清句子之间的关系，把握文章脉络，有助于理解全文的内容，进而准确、高效地答题。在做题时，最重要的是读懂空格前后的句子，明白邻近几句话的确切意思，并按照一定的逻辑关系从选项中选取正确答案。常见的逻辑关系有并列、顺承、递进、转折、因果等。如：“Hao Xue Bu Juan”in Mandarin means the love for learning should never tire you.The first two life
8、long learning attributes talk about continuous learning and no boundaries.Learning is dynamic.It is ever moving,and ever changing._74_ When you have the perseverance for self-cultivation,then the rewards are becoming more and more in life.A This lifelong learning attribute forces you to self-reflect
9、.BProverbs about lifelong learningCContinue to learn in the journey of lifeDTherefore,we should never be tired of it.EThree persons walking one is bound to be my teacherFIn life,if we are to improve ourselves,we have to know that learning is infinite.GLifelong learning attributes for career advancem
10、ent解析：根据上文可知对学习的热爱不会让你感到疲倦。D项”因此，我们永远也不要厌倦学习”与上文衔接。故选 D。3利用词汇复现。对于同一个概念，作者经常会在文章不同的位置重复涉及，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段。复现的形式主要有同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。可利用文章的这一特点，在解题时注意选项中出现的与正文意思相同、相近或相反的词。但切忌看到同样的词在备选项中出现就认为它们是正确选项，应该根据上下文进行核实，以确保最终的选择符合逻辑。如：Last year,researchers from the University of M
11、ichigan reported that empathy,the ability to understand other people,among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years._71_ Today,people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.AEveryone is different,and levels of empathy differ from person to person.BThat
12、could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time,the researchers said.C“One doesnt develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking，”Freed says.DHumans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.EEmpathy is a matter of lea
13、rning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they feel.FGood social skillsincluding empathyare a kind of“emotional intelligence”that will help you succeed in many areas of life.G Having relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathy is decis
14、ive to those relationships.解析：文章开头提到“.researchers from the University of Michigan reported that.”，由关键词“researchers”可优先考虑 B 项，且根据上下文语意可知应选 B。4利用线索词。解答此题型时很重要的一点是要对一些线索词敏感，尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这些线索词寻找答案是很有效的。线索词包括疑问词、代词、数字、表示时间(年代)的词、表示地点(名称)的词，以及一些习惯搭配等。如疑问词，对不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一样的，可据此找出答案；利用代词的指代关系或单复数差异可以准确快
15、速地解题；数字之间的联系也可以作为快速推断的线索。如：What is an essay?Words are collections of sounds;sentences are collections of words;paragraphs are collections of sentences;and essays are collections of paragraphs.Many other forms of writing are found in novels,magazines,and newspapers._71_ (G)_72_ As soon as authors beg
16、in making up characters,adding details that really didnt occur,or making up a plot,they are writing in a fictional style.In other words,essays may be descriptive,narrative or propose solutions to problems,one thing they arent is false or made-up.Essays may be creative in the sense that the authors h
17、ave creatively explained their points of view,but essays arent creative.AIt is the point of the essay.BBut they are quite different in structure.CThe essay is,first and foremost,a piece of non-fiction.D Finally,essays consist of one,three,or more paragraphs.EHow many paragraphs are proper when creat
18、ing an essay?FBut length should never be a primary consideration when creating an essay.GSo what are the essential differences between the essay and other types of writing?解析：根据下文可知此段讲述论文和其他文体的首要的区别。C 项中的 first and foremost 是关键词，它是本段的主题句。故选 C。典例Healthy Sleep TipsBelow is some advice on how to sleep
19、better.Maintain a regular bed and wake time schedule.Go to bed at the same time every night._1_ Try not to break this routine on weekends when it may be tempting to stay up late.As with your bedtime,try to maintain your regular wake time even on weekends._2_ When its time to sleep,make sure that you
20、r environment is dark.Even dim lightsespecially those from TV or computer screens can confuse the body clock.Heavy curtains or shades can help block light from windows,or you can try an eye mask to cover your eyes.The temperature of your bedroom also affects sleep.A bedroom that is too hot or too co
21、ld can interfere with sleep quality.Turn off your TV.Many people use the television to fall asleep or relax at the end of the day._3_ However,television actually stimulates the mind,rather than relaxing it._4_ Exercise helps promote restful sleep if it is done several hours before you go to bed.Exer
22、cise can help you fall asleep faster and sleep more soundlyas long as its done at the right time.Try to finish exercising at least three hours before bed or work out earlier in the day.Consult your doctor.Use a sleep diary and talk to your doctor.Note what type of sleep problem is affecting your sle
23、ep or if you are sleepy when you wish to be awake and alert.Try these tips and record your sleep and sleep-related activities in a sleep diary._5_AExercise at the right time.BChange your sleeping position.CKeep your room dark and cool.DChoose a time when you normally feel tired.EYou may even have a
24、television in your bedroom.FIf problems continue,discuss the sleep diary with your doctor.G Sleeping well is vital for physical,mental and emotional health.文章大意：良好的睡眠很重要。本文给出了很多建议：有规律地睡觉和起床；房间要保持黑暗和温度适中；关掉电视；尽量在睡前三小时结束身体锻炼；咨询医生。1D 上文说要在晚上的同一时间睡觉，“Choose a time when you normally feel tired.”承接上文。故选 D。2C 根据下文可知要确保睡觉环境是黑暗的，卧室温度要适中。C 项“Keep your room dark and cool.”是本段的主题句。关键词是 dark 和 cool。3E 上文提到很多人通过看电视来帮助睡眠或放松，E项说甚至有人把电视机放在卧室，承接上文。4A 根据下文可知本段是有关身体锻炼的时间的建议。A 项是本段的主题句。关键词是 at the right time。5F 根据本段前两句可知要咨询医生和记睡眠日记。F项承接上文：如果问题仍然存在，和医生一起讨论睡眠日记。关键词是 sleep diary。