1、UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE2.2 Learning About Language不定式作主语不定式作主语, 表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作; 在很多情况下, 人们通常用it作为形式上的主语, 而把不定式移到谓语之后, 使句子结构显得平稳一些。*To know something about English is one thing; to know English is quite another. 懂一点英语是一回事; 掌握英语完全是另一回事。*It is impossible to learn a foreign language without making pa
2、instaking efforts. 想不下苦功就能学会一门外语是不可能的。一、动词不定式作主语1. 不定式具有名词的特征, 可在句子中充当主语。*To know oneself is difficult. 人贵有自知之明。*To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get. 爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。【名师点津】 不定式和动名词作主语的区别不定式: 表示具体的某次动作, 特别是将来的动作*To teach you the uses of the infinitive is my job today. (表具体行
3、为)教你们不定式的用法是我今天的工作。动词-ing形式: 表示比较抽象的、经常性的、一般性动作*Teaching is my job. (表抽象行为)教学是我的工作。2. 不定式和when/where/how/what/whether等连用, 在句子中作主语。*Whether to do it hasnt been decided. 是否去做还没有决定。二、it作形式主语句型1. It is+形容词+(for/of sb. )+to do sth. *It is necessary for us to master a foreign language. 我们有必要掌握一门外语。*It is
4、very kind of you to help us. 你帮助我们真是太好了。【名师点津】 区别for 与of(1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点, 表示客观形式的形容词, 如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等。*Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门语言是很难的。 (2)of sb. 的句型一般用表示人物的性格、品质, 表示主观感情或态度的形容词, 如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right等。*Its very
5、nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我, 真是太好了。2. It is +a/an +名词(如a pity/a shame/a pleasure/ones duty/an honor. . . )+ to do. . . *Its a great honor to be invited to your birthday party. 很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会。3. It takes/costs/requires/makes sb. /sth. to do sth. *It took me two hours to finish the work. 我完成那项工作用了两小
6、时。【名师点津】在It is + no use/no good/useless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/ a pleasure. . . 句型中常用动名词形式作真正的主语。*It is no use waiting here doing nothing. 无所事事地等待是没有用的。完成句子1. in ten months was a great achievement. 10个月内就盖成那座楼是一个了不起的成就。 2. It is not very good for you . 抽这么多烟对你(
7、身体)很不好。3. is to be respected. 尊重别人就是尊重自己。4. It is not an easy thing . 精通一种语言是不容易的。 5. It made us very angry . 听他那样谈话我们非常气愤。 6. with this situation reflects ones ability. 如何应对这种状况反映出一个人的能力。7. It feels good for a while. 出来在这里待一会儿是挺舒服的。 8. Its necessary when you do not use it. 当你不用车的时候, 锁车是有必要的。9. It o
8、nly took (us) a year . 完成这项工程只花了(我们)一年时间。10. Its kind so much of us. 你为我们想得那么多, 真是太好了。 答案：1. To complete that building in ten months was a great achievement. 2. It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 3. To respect others is to be respected. 4. It is not an easy thing to master a language. 5.
9、It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 6. What to do with this situation reflects ones ability. 7. It feels good to be out here for a while. 8. Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 9. It only took (us) a year to complete the project. 10. Its kind of you to think s
10、o much of us. A For eight years, Alex Honnold dreamed about climbing EI Capitan in Yosemite National Park without any safety equipment.Last Saturday, Honnold, a world-class rock climber, reached the top of the great rock wall only with his hands and feet. He is the first person ever to climb the 914
11、-meter-high rock wall alone and without ropes or safety equipment.“I was pretty much excited,” Honnold said. “I was probably the happiest. Its something that I thought about for so long and dreamed about and worked hard for.”Honnold began preparing for his historic climb two years ago. He climbed EI
12、 Capitan while wearing safety equipment countless times. He tried to memorize every hole he had to hold and the positions of his body. He repeated the climb again and again, until he felt sure enough to try the so-called “free solo” climb.The most difficult part of the trip is about 70. 0. meters of
13、f the ground. At that point, the very small holds in the rock are only big enough for a thumb(拇指) to fit.“Each year I would show up and it would seem just much too frightening,” he said. “I walk up to the base of the climb without any ropes, it just feels a little crazy. Going over that side of it w
14、as the hardest part.”Observers say Honnolds climb has pushed the limits in a sport that requires a high level of physical ability, risk-taking and mental strength. “This has never been done before and its hard to imagine anybody ever coming to what hes done,” Daune said. “He is totally alone at the
15、top of his game. To climb without ropes in that areana(竞技场) requires great self-control and focus.”1. How did Honnold feel before he started to climb?A. Excited.B. Scared.C. Happy.D. Crazy.2. What did Honnold do before he climbed without ropes?A. He got the safety equipment ready.B. He kept his boy
16、in a proper position.C. He tried to remember how he climbed in the past.D. He made enough holes on the walls of the high rock.3. What can be inferred about Honnold?A. His climb was mentally and physically difficult.B. He was lucky to excape from being injured many times.C. It was almost impossible f
17、or him to complete the climb.D. He was able to break away from his fright at the last moment.4. What does Daune think of Honnold?A. He should be self-controlled.B. He focuses on mountain climbing.C. Hes done no better than others.D. He is worth admiring.【答案】 B CAD【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了上周六一个世界级的攀岩者Alex H
18、onnold在没有绳索和安全设备的情况下，只用手和脚攀登到了914米高的岩壁墙的顶端，他是第一个这样做的人。1. 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Each year I would show up and it would seem just much too frightening,” he said.(他说：“每年我都会去那里，但那似乎太可怕了。”)”可知，Honnold在开始攀爬之前是感到害怕的。故选B项。2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“He tried to memorize every hole he had to hold and the positions of his body.(他
19、试图记住每一个他必须抓住的洞和他的身体的位置。)”可知，在进行无绳攀登之前，Honnold努力记住过去他是如何攀登的。故选C项。3. 推理判断题。根据第五段“The most difficult part of the trip is about 70. 0. meters off the ground. At that point, the very small holds in the rock are only big enough for a thumb(拇指) to fit.(旅行中最困难的部分是离地面约70米。在那个时候，岩石中非常小的洞只够容纳一个拇指。)”和第六段中“Each
20、year I would show up and it would seem just much too frightening,” he said. “I walk up to the base of the climb without any ropes, it just feels a little crazy. Going over that side of it was the hardest part.”(他说：“每年我都会去那里，但那似乎太可怕了。”“我没有使用任何绳索爬到底部，感觉有点疯狂。翻过那一边是最难的部分。”)”可知，Honnold的攀登在精神上和身体上都很困难。故选A
21、项。4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“This has never been done before and its hard to imagine anybody ever coming to what hes done,” Daune said. “He is totally alone at the top of his game. To climb without ropes in that areana(竞技场) requires great self-control and focus.”(“这是以前从未有人做过的事，很难想象有人会来做他做过的事，” Daune说，“当他处于巅峰时
22、，他是完全孤独的。在那个地区不使用绳索就能爬上去需要很强的自控力和专注力。”)”可知，Daune认为Honnold是值得钦佩的。故选D项。BMaybe no one forgets their first bicycle and there is no exception to a woman like me. Mine was a Schwinn coaster bike, second-hand, painted a distinctive red and yellow by its previous owner. I remember riding too fast down the b
23、ig hill on Springfield Avenue. I knew at once that the world was mine to explore.A couple of years later, when I was 11, my grandmother visited from England, bringing me a bike. It was a shiny dark green, with three gears (齿轮) and hand brakes. As the owner of the first English bicycle my neighbors h
24、ad ever seen, I was, for a time, almost a star.Unlike my coaster bike, it was light and responsive riding it felt like flying. I rode it past big stone houses with their huge yards and trees. I rode past brick row houses. I rode alone and with groups of friends.That beloved bike went with me to coll
25、ege, carrying me to the library and to classes. Beyond transport, it was often a prop (道具): pushing it along as I walked the college paths made me feel less self-conscious. Somehow, conversation flowed more easily on either side of a bike.After college, I lived abroad for a time. Returning from Lond
26、on, I discovered to my horror that my parents had sold my bike. They didnt even know who had bought it.For years after that, I didnt have a bicycle that was specifically mine. Teaching in a New England prep school, I simply rode whatever bikes its graduates had left behind. I rode around the little
27、town on bikes which slipped in and out of gear, with brakes that often failed.I did not take any of those bikes with me when I moved south to the coastal town where I now live. But after a while I missed riding. Finally, on a fall day, I bought a bicycle. Called a comfort bike, it has wider tires th
28、an my old bike and seven gears. But it is green a brighter green bike.Still, I was a bit apprehensive. I was out of practice and a lot older. I brought the bike home and put on my helmet Id never worn a helmet before. Then I got on the bike. After a tentative, slightly shaky start, I fell exactly as
29、 I was on that long-ago day on Springfield Avenue: free. Soon I was riding along. It seemed that everyone I passed smiled and waved or call out, great day for a bike ride! And I knew they all remembered their first bike and how it had set them free. I wanted to call back to them, “I still can!”5. Ac
30、cording to the article, the authors beloved bike _.A. was a red and yellow coaster bikeB. made her the envy of all her friendsC. was her birthday gift from her grandmotherD. made her shy and awkward at times at college6. While pushing the English bike along, the author_.A. felt boredB. felt specialC
31、. became talkativeD. became lost in thought7. When she was teaching at a prep school, the author _.A. didnt like her once-beloved bikeB. got out of the habit of riding bikesC. loved exploring the little town by riding aroundD. rode bikes that had been recommended to her by graduates8. What does the
32、underlined word “apprehensive” in Paragraph 6 mean?A. Dissatisfied.B. Excited.C. Shocked.D. Fearful.9. What was the authors main purpose in writing this article?A. To describe the different bikes she has been riding alone.B. To recall the joy and freedom she has enjoyed thanks to riding.C. To inform
33、 us of the fun and benefits of riding bikes with others.D. To tell us about how she grew up through her riding experiences.【答案】B C CD B【解析】本文为一篇记叙文。作者热爱骑自行车，通过骑行她感受到了人们的温暖，感受到了自由。作者回忆了骑行给自己带来的快了。5. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中“As the owner of the first English bicycle my neighbors had ever seen, I was, for a time
34、, almost a star.(当我的邻居第一次看到一辆英国自行车时，我几乎成了一颗明星)”推知，他的朋友们很羡慕他。故选B。6. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Beyond transport, it was often a prop (道具): pushing it along as I walked the college paths made me feel less self-conscious. Somehow, conversation flowed more easily on either side of a bike.(除了交通工具，它常常是一种支撑：在我走在大学道路上的时候，
35、推着它走会让我感觉不那么难为情。不知何故，自行车两边的谈话更容易进行)”可知，当作者推着自行车的时候，变得更加健谈了。故选C。7. 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Teaching in a New England prep school, I simply rode whatever bikes its graduates had left behind. I rode around the little town on bikes which slipped in and out of gear, with brakes that often failed.(在新英格兰的一所预科学校教书，我
36、只是骑着毕业生们落下的自行车。我骑着自行车在小镇上转了一圈，这些自行车的齿轮时而失灵，时而失灵)”可知，作者在小学任教时，喜欢在小镇上骑行探索。故选C。8. 词句猜测题。根据下文“I was out of practice and a lot older. I brought the bike home and put on my helmet Id never worn a helmet before.(我生疏了，年纪也大了很多。我把自行车带回家，戴上头盔我以前从来没戴过头盔)”可知，作者，变得生疏了；所以作者感到焦虑不安。由此推知，划线词与Fearful意思接近。故选D。9. 推理判断题。
37、根据文章最后一段中“It seemed that everyone I passed smiled and waved or call out, great day for a bike ride! And I knew they all remembered their first bike and how it had set them free. I wanted to call back to them, I still can!(似乎我经过的每个人都微笑着挥手，或者喊着说，骑车的好日子！我知道他们都记得他们的第一辆自行车，以及它是如何让他们获得自由的。我想对他们说：“我现在还能！”)”可知，作者通过骑行感受到了人们的温暖，感受到了自由。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是为了回忆骑车带给她的快乐和自由。故选B。
